2-メチルペンタン-2,4-ジオール

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Water or foam may cause frothing.

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Hexylene glycol:

(General first aid procedures)

In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

Use water spray, alcohol - resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Store under inert gas. hygroscopic

Separated from strong oxidants and strong acids.

Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Do not let product enter drains.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

DISPOSAL : Recover or recycle if possible. Otherwise : incineration

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapors adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in covered containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50; Species: Alburnus alburnus (bleak); Conditions: /saltwater, static, 10 °C, pH 7.8/; Concentration: 8000 mg/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: /Oncorhynchus mykiss/ (Rainbow trout); Conditions: flow through, 11.4 °C, pH 7.99, dissolved oxygen 8.76 mg/L; Concentration: 9450 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence limit: 8820-10100 mg/L)

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) weight 0.22 g; Conditions: flow through, 18.7 °C, pH mean 7.95, dissolved oxygen 6.27 mg/L; Concentration: 8690 mg/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill sunfish) mean weight 0.53 g; Conditions: flow through, 17.4 °C, pH 8.02, dissolved oxygen 6.47 mg/L; Concentration: 12,800 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence limits: 11,200-14,600 mg/L)

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(3). 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 7.0X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 55.7% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(5) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.58(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 55.7% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, which has a vapor pressure of 7.0X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.77X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Hexylene glycol is a colorless liquid used as a chemical intermediate, a selective solvent in petroleum refining, a component of hydraulic fluids, a solvent for inks, a cement additive, and in cosmetics. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Five human subjects given oral doses of 37 g of hexylene glycol daily for 24 days (estimated daily dosage 14-28 mg/kg body weight) reported no subjective symptoms that could be attributed to the intake of hexylene glycol; no alterations in urine parameters were detected. In another study, most subjects exposed for 15 min to 50 ppm of hexylene glycol in the air were able to detect the odor and a few noted eye irritation. At a concentration of 100 ppm, the odor was plain and some noted nasal irritation and respiratory discomfort. At 1000 ppm (4840 mg/cu m), there was irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, and respiratory discomfort. Additionally, a case of severe contact urticaria with systemic involvement resembling an anaphylactic reaction, following the application of a topical corticosteroid formulated with hexylene glycol as an excipient has been reported. Swelling and redness were seen in 23 out of 823 eczema patients who were treated with a 30% or 50% aqueous solution in a 48-hr covered patch test. ANIMAL TOXICITY STUDIES: The clinical signs observed in animals acutely intoxicated with hexylene glycol are predominately of central nervous system (CNS) depression and include decreased activity, muscle incoordination and flaccidity, palpebral closure, piloerection, narcosis and anesthesia. Mice were fed hexylene glycol orally 20 mg/day in 2 mL of whole milk for up to 81 days and only minor effects were found in the kidneys of a few animals. None of the rats that were fed hexylene glycol in milk for 4 months at the average rate of 98 and 150 mg/day showed adverse effects in growth nor were there histopathologic changes in the liver and testes, but there were minor changes in the kidneys. It was also shown that approximately 40% of the hexylene glycol was accounted for in the urine, but only 4% of the amount excreted was free glycol; the other 36% was conjugated with glycuronic acid. In another study, hexylene glycol was administered by oral gavage for 90 days to Sprague Dawley rats at dose levels of 50, 150 and 450 mg/kg/day. This study included a functional observational battery (FOB), which gave no evidence of neurotoxic effects. Hepatocellular hypertrophy coupled with increased liver weight was observed at 450 mg/kg/day in both sexes and in males only at 150 mg/kg/day. In the absence of degenerative or necrotic change this was considered an adaptive response to increased metabolic demand. At 150 and 450 mg/kg/day kidney histopathology (higher incidence and severity of acidophilic globules in the tubular epithelium) and increased kidney weights observed in male rats only are suggestive of male rat specific alpha-2-microglobulin nephropathy, which was subsequently confirmed. There were no adverse effects on other organs including the reproductive organs. The fertility of male rats given an average oral dose of 148 to 190 mg/day of hexylene glycol for 130 days was unchanged when compared to that of the control group. Developmental study in rats found increased pup mortality and reduced body weight gain at 1000 mg/kg/day. Hexylene glycol produced negative Ames test results for Salmonella Typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538, TA 98, TA 100 with and without activation. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Aquatic toxicity was evaluated in the sea urchin embryo (Arbacia punctulata) by the inhibition of tritiated thymidine incorporation after a brief exposure to toxic chemicals. In preliminary trials, using compounds including hexylene glycol, results accurately predicted reduced survival and morphological delay after 48 hr exposures.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In the mitotic sea urchin egg, the spindle microtubules were composed of different tubulin isotypes from those of astral microtubules using monoclonal antibodies. Three of the antibodies, D2D6, DM1B, and YL1/2, were specific for spindle microtubules, astral microtubules and reactive with both microtubules, respectively. The mitotic sea urchin egg was treated with microtubule depolymerizing (colcemid and nocodazole) and stabilizing (hexylene glycol) drugs and change in the heterogeneous distribution of the tubulin isotypes was investigated by the immunofluorescence procedure using these three monoclonal anti-tubulin antibodies. /It was/ observed that: the microtubule depolymerizing drugs caused quick depolymerization of most mitotic microtubules, and a small number of spindle microtubules remaining were stained with all three antibodies; hexylene glycol induced many microtubules in the mitotic apparatus, which was stained with D2D6 but was not stained with DM1B; hexylene glycol also induced a great number of miniasters in the cytoplasm, and they were stained with three antibodies. These results suggest that these drugs altered the distribution of tubulin isotypes in the mitotic microtubules during depolymerization or polymerization within a short time.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Aquatic toxicity was evaluated in the sea urchin embryo (Arbacia punctulata) by the 1nhibition of tritiated thymidine incorporation after a brief exposure to toxic chemicals. In preliminary trials, using 8 compounds including 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, results accurately predicted reduced survival and morphological delay after 48 hr exposures (r2 = 0.97). Excellent correlations also existed between these calculated median effective concentrations (EC50) and literature-derived acute LC50 values for 2 other aquatic species (Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas).

Sore throat. Cough.

Dry skin. Redness.

Redness. Pain.

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; headache, dizziness, nausea, incoordination, central nervous system depression; dermatitis, skin sensitization

2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol has been detected in wastewater effluents from metal manufacturing industries, paint and ink industries, and textile mills(1). 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol was qualitatively detected in water samples collected from an advanced waste treatment facility in Washington, DC on Sep 20, 1974(2). A 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol concentration of 0.021 ug/L was detected in a secondary effluent sample collected from a sewage treatment plant in Fort Polk, LA during Nov 1980(3). 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol was qualitatively detected in landfill well water samples collected at landfill site in Norman, OK(4).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol can be estimated to be 1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

Residues of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: Growing crops and food animals. Limit: Without limitation.

Residues of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only. Use: Solvent for formulations used before crop emerges from soil. Limit: None.

Residues of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals. Use: Growing crops and food animals. Limit: Without limitation.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol is found on List C. Case No: 3075; Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered ... The case /is characterized/ as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.; Active ingredient (AI): 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

CIR ingredient: Hexylene Glycol

Used as a solvent plasticizer in paints and lacquers; Also used in the chemical, petroleum refining, and cosmetic industries and as an additive to hydraulic fluids, inks, cement, leather, paper, and textiles; [ACGIH]

Petroleum Production and Refining [Category: Industry]

For 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 068601) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

... Hydraulic brake fluids (as coupling agent to castor oil).

2023: 25,000,000 - <40,000,000 lb

(1975) Greater than 9.08x10+5 grams

2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl- is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule.[Table#2863]

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: 2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-. Aggregated National Production Volume: 10 to < 50 million pounds.

For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for 2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The condensation of acetone leads to the formation of diacetone alcohol (DAA) ... DAA can be hydrogenated to 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol.

Preparation: ... Leopold, Germany patent 486767 (1925 to I. G. Farben), ... Arundale, Mikeska, United States of America patent 2367324 (1945 to Standard Oil.

Hydrogen of diacetone alcohol

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Solvents

Safer Chemical Classes -> Green half-circle - The chemical is expected to be of low concern

Fragrance Ingredients

Cosmetics -> Surfactant; Solvent; Emulsifying; Skin conditioning

Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-: ACTIVE