1-Chlorooctane

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8900(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-chlorooctane will be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-chlorooctane may be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.0X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). The rate of this process may be attenuated based on the Koc value estimated for this compound(SRC). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces(SRC) is expected based on a measured vapor pressure of 0.95 mm Hg(5). Based on limited data, 1-chlorooctane is expected to readily biodegrade in soil under aerobic conditions(SRC). In an aerobic aqueous screening test, 1-chlorooctane, incubated with a sludge inoculum, reached 74-81% of the theoretical BOD in 4 weeks(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4.73(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow(2,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(1), indicates that 1-chlorooctane should adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). 1-Chlorooctane may volatilize from water surfaces(1,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.0X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5 days, respectively(1,SRC). Adsorption to sediment and particulate matter may attenuate the rate of this process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF value of 2300(1,SRC), from a measured log Kow(2), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). Based on limited data, 1-chlorooctane is expected to readily biodegrade in water under aerobic conditions(SRC). In an aerobic aqueous screening test, 1-chlorooctane, incubated with a sludge inoculum, reached 74-81% of the theoretical BOD in 4 weeks(5).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-chlorooctane, which has a measured vapor pressure of 0.95 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-chlorooctane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 2 days(3,SRC).

The Koc of 1-chlorooctane is estimated as approximately 8900(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 4.73(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-chlorooctane will be immobile in soil(SRC).

LIQUID FRACTIONS ARE...CENTRAL NERVOUS DEPRESSANTS WHEN ABSORBED FROM ALIMENTARY TRACT, OR SEVERE PULMONARY IRRITANTS WHEN ASPIRATED. /ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS/

LIQUIDS, AS FAT SOLVENTS, EXTRACT SEBUM FROM SKIN LEAVING DRY IRRITATED SURFACE PRONE TO CRACKING & BACTERIAL INFECTION. /ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS/

A. ACUTE POISONING: (FROM INHALATION OR INGESTION). NAUSEA, VOMITING, COUGH, & PULMONARY...EDEMA, BLOODY SPUTUM, & BRONCHIAL PNEUMONIA WITH FEVER & COUGH. PNEUMOTHORAX & EMPHYSEMA MAY COMPLICATE RECOVERY. /ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS/

IF LARGE AMT (OVER 1 ML/KG) IS INGESTED & RETAINED, SYMPTOMS...INCL...SLOW & SHALLOW RESPIRATION, UNCONSCIOUSNESS, & CONVULSIONS. VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION CAN OCCUR AFTER INGESTION OR INHALATION. /ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS/

B. CHRONIC POISONING: (FROM INHALATION) DIZZINESS, WEAKNESS, WT LOSS, ANEMIA, NERVOUSNESS, PAINS IN LIMBS, PERIPHERAL NUMBNESS, & PARESTHESIAS. /ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS/

1-Chlorooctane's production and use in the manufacture of organometallics, as a chemical intermediate(1), and as a stabilizer(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 1-Chlorooctane is formed during the chlorination process in the treatment of drinking water(3).

In an aerobic aqueous screening test, 1-chlorooctane at 100 mg/l was incubated with a sludge inoculum; 74-81% of the theoretical BOD was measured at 4 weeks(1). 1-Chlorooctane at 1 mg/l was readily biodegraded by a sludge inoculum with the utilization of 900 ug/L oxygen within 1.7 days; complete degradation was reported in 3 days with the formation of a metabolite containing a carbonyl oxygen(2). A pure culture of Corynebacterium sp. was shown to degrade 1-chlorooctane(3).

An estimated BCF value of 2300 was calculated for 1-chlorooctane(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 4.73(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1-chlorooctane is estimated as 6.0X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that 1-chlorooctane will volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 4 hours(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 5 days(2,SRC). The rate of this process may be attenuated somewhat by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment based on the Koc value estimated for this compound(SRC). 1-Chlorooctane's values for vapor pressure, 0.95 mm Hg(3) and Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicate that volatilization from dry and moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-chlorooctane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 7.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 28 workers are potentially exposed to 1-chlorooctane in the USA(1). Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-chlorooctane is produced or used. The general population will be exposed to 1-chlorooctane via ingestion of drinking water and dermal contact with vapors, water, and other products containing 1-chlorooctane(SRC).

SURFACE WATER: 1-Chlorooctane was detected in the water of the Black Warrior River in Tuscaloosa, AL at unreported concentrations(1).

DRINKING WATER: 1-Chlorooctane was detected in drinking water at an unreported location and concentration(1). Drinking water sampled from the District of Columbia water supply contained 1-chlorooctane at 0.001 ppm(2).