トリホスゲン

用途有機合成においてホスゲンの代替として、塩素化、脱水縮合などの用途に用いられる。トリエチルアミンなどの作用で分解し、ホスゲン3分子を発生する。ホスゲンの代替として脱水縮合、塩素化などに利用される。ホスゲンは気体であるがトリホスゲンは個体であることから、工業的にも運搬等でメリットがある。ホスゲンへの変換として活性炭を加える方法があるが、反応速度が非常に早く制御が困難である。しかし、高級芳香族系のイミン、フェナントリジン、フタロシアニン(H2Pc)および金属フタロシアニン(MePc)などを用いた場合、分解速度が遅いため制御が容易となる。

用途有機合成用試薬。

説明Triphosgene is also known as solid phosgene. Its chemical name is bis (Trichloromethyl) carbonate, and its English name is bisgriehloromethyl) carbonate or triphosgene, abbreviated as BTC. Triphosgene is a white crystal, similar to the smell of phosgene. It is mainly used to synthesize chloroformate, isocyanate, polycarbonate and acyl chloride. It is widely used as an intermediate in plastics, medicine, herbicides and pesticides.

使用Triphosgene is used as a carbonylating agent for aza-peptide synthesis. It reacts with several alfa-amino acids to give the corresponding N-carboxyanhydrides. It is involved in the preparation of the esterification coupling reagent, di-2-thienyl carbonate from 2(5H)-thiophenone. Further, it is used as a reagent in organic synthesis and converts an amino group into isocyanate. In addition to this, it is employed in the preparation of 2-chloronicotinaldehydes through cyclization of the corresponding enamides. It is considered as a useful substitute for phosgene.

一般的な説明Triphosgene [Bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate] is a versatile organic reagent used in organic synthesis alternative to phosgene. A catalytic amount of triphosgene is particularly used in chloroformylations, carbonylations, chlorinations, and dehydration reactions.

合成方法a) 発表当時の合成方法b) 工業的な合成方法

純化方法It is a good solid substitute for phosgene (using a third mol per mol). Crystallise it from pet ether (b 60-80o), wash it with anhydrous cold Et2O, de-gas it at 200mm then dry at 0.1mm (over H2SO4). It has IR: max 900 and 1900 cm-1 . It is a lachrymator, is TOXIC and should be handled with gloves and in an efficient fume hood. [Hales et al. J Chem Soc 620 1957, Eckert & Forster Angew Chem, Int Ed Engl 26 894 1987, Aldrichimica Acta 21 47 1988, Beilstein 3 H 17, 3 I 8, 3 II 16, 3 III 36, 3 IV 33.]