탄산코발트(II)

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Cobalt(II) carbonate hydrate/

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary. /Cobalt(II) carbonate hydrate/

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. /Cobalt(II) carbonate hydrate/

Liquid material spills can be copiously flushed with water and channeled to a treatment system or holding tank for reclamation or proper disposal. Spills of dry material can be removed by vacuuming or wet mopping. Some spills can be removed by hosing, first with a mist of water to dampen the spilled material and then with a more forceful stream that flushes it into a holding tank or other facility for handling contaminated water. Work surfaces or contaminated clothing should never be cleaned by dry sweeping or blowing with pressurized hoses. Recovery systems used to reclaim waste metals should comply with federal, state, and local regulations. All waste materials generated in the handling of cobalt-containing substances should be disposed of in compliance with federal, state, and local regulations. /Cobalt and cobalt salts/

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product. /Cobalt(II) carbonate hydrate/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. /Cobalt(II) carbonate hydrate/

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. /Cobalt(II) carbonate hydrate/

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday. /Cobalt(II) carbonate hydrate/

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands. /Cobalt(II) carbonate hydrate/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Cobaltous carbonate (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

0.02 [mg/m3], as Co

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.02 mg/cu m. /Cobalt and inorganic compounds, as Co/

Peak Exposure Recommendation: Transient increases in workers' exposure levels may exceed 3 times the value of the TLV-TWA level for no more than 15 minutes at a time, on no more than 4 occasions spaced 1 hour apart during a workday, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the value of the TLV-TWA level. In addition, the 8-hour TWA is not to be exceeded for an 8-hour work period. /Cobalt and inorganic compounds, as Co/

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. /Cobalt and inorganic compounds, as Co/

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: cobalt in urine; Sampling Time: end of shift at end of workweek; BEI: 15 ug/L. Notation: The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after after exposure to other chemicals. /Cobalt and inorganic compounds, including cobalt oxides but not combined with tungsten carbide/

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: cobalt in urine; Sampling Time: end of shift at end of workweek; BEI: None. Notation: The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals. Biological monitoring should be considered for this compound based on the review; however, a specific BEI could not be determined due to insufficient data. /Cobalt with tungsten carbide/

0.12 [mg/m3]

21 [mg/m3]

130 [mg/m3]

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU). /Cobalt(II) carbonate hydrate/

Skin protection: Handle with gloves. /Cobalt(II) carbonate hydrate/

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace. /Cobalt(II) carbonate hydrate/

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU). /Cobalt(II) carbonate hydrate/

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Inorganic cobalt compounds are nonvolatile and released into the atmosphere in particulate form(1). Particulate-phase cobalt compounds are removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Cobalt has been detected in atmospheric deposition(2) and in rain-snow precipitation(3).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Cobaltous carbonate occurs as a red powder or rhombohedral crystals. It is used in ceramics, in the manufacture of cobalt pigments, and in the preparation of cobalt compounds. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Four fatal cases of diffuse interstitial lung-fibrosis have been described among workers who had been exposed to high concentration of cobalt carbonate, 0.4 up to 5-10 mg Co/cu m, in a cobalt catalyst plant during the 1930s and 1940s. Health exams of other workers who had been working in the plant before 1940 revealed a very high prevalence (68%) of bronchitis and signs of emphysema as evidenced by lung-function tests. ANIMAL STUDIES: For cobaltous carbonate, a low order of intraperitoneal toxicity was found in rats and mice.

Cobalt is believed to exhibit its toxicity through a oxidant-based and free radical-based processes. It produces oxygen radicals and may be oxidized to ionic cobalt, causing increased lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and inducing certain enzymes that lead to cell apoptosis. Cobalt has also been shown to block inorganic calcium channels, possibly impairing neurotransmission. Cobalt can also chelate lipoic acids, impairing oxidation of pyruvate or fatty acids. In addition, cobalt may inhibit DNA repair by interacting with zinc finger DNA repair proteins, and has also been shown to inhibit heme synthesis and glucose metabolism. Cobalt may activate specific helper T-lymphocyte cells and interact directly with immunologic proteins, such as antibodies (IgA and IgE) or Fc receptors, resulting in immunosensitization. (L29)

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Four fatal cases of diffuse interstitial lung-fibrosis among workers who had been exposed to high concn of cobalt carbonate, 0.4 up to 5-10 mg Co/cu m, in a cobalt catalyst plant during the 1930s and 1940s. Health exam of other workers who had been working in the plant before 1940 revealed a very high prevalence (68%) of bronchitis and signs of emphysema as evidenced by lung-function tests.

Cobaltous carbonate's production and use in the manufacture of cobalt pigments, in ceramics, in the preparation of cobalt compounds(1) and as a mineral supplement in animal feed additives(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Trace minerals added to animal feeds. These substances added to animal feeds as nutritional dietary supplements are generally recognized as safe when added at levels consistent with good feeding practice. All substances listed may be in anhydrous or hydrated form. Cobalt carbonate is included on this list.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Cobaltous carbonate is included on this list.