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Nitrogen Compounds -> Nitriles

Flammable agents - 2nd degree

1.1573 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.1573 @ 20 °C

1.1363 @25 °C

MISCIBLE WITH ACETONE, BENZENE, CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, ALC, ETHER

Water solubility: 4.5 g/100 ml at 25 °C

Solubility of water in beta-chloropropionitrile: 2.2 ml/100 g at 25 °C.

168 °F (EPA, 1998)

75.5 °C

168 °F (CLOSED CUP)

347 to 349 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

175-176 °C

176 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-60 °F (EPA, 1998)

-51 °C

-51 °C

Danger

H300 (93.8%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 48 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Danger

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

3-Chloropropionitrile: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Toxic effects are a result of systemic cyanide poisoning. (Non-Specific -- Cyanide) Few poisons are more rapidly lethal. Average oral lethal dose for hydrogen cyanide is approximately 60-90 mg (corresponds to 200 mg of potassium cyanide). Cause of death is lack of oxygen to the body's cells (especially the brain and heart) as a result of the chemical inhibiting cell enzymes. (EPA, 1998)

No poisoning cases reported, but expected to be similar to cyanide poisoning from propionitrile with rapid loss of consciousness; [HSDB] Absorbed through skin causing systemic cyanide poisoning; [Merck Index] An irritant; [MSDSonline] See NITRILES.

P027; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 3-chloropropionitrile, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).

0 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible materials.

2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.

1 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable but that can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

(Non-Specific -- Propionitrile) Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do so without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Absorb small spills with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material. Dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. Isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind. (EPA, 1998)

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P027, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

0.030 [mg/m3]

0.33 [mg/m3]

2.0 [mg/m3]

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Wear appropriate equipment to prevent: Any possibility of skin contact. /Cyanides/

Wear eye protection to prevent: Any possibility of eye contact. /Cyanides/

The following equipment should be available: Eyewash, quick drench. /Cyanides/

Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 50 mg/cu m: Respirator Classes: Any supplied-air respirator. Any self-contained breathing apparatus. /Cyanides/

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 3-CHLOROPROPANONITRILE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Initial medical examination /should include/: a complete history and physical examination ... to detect existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at incr risk & to establish a baseline for future health monitoring. ... Examination of cardiovascular, nervous, & upper resp systems, & thyroid should be stressed. The skin should be exam for evidence of chronic disorders. ... The aforementioned medical exam should be repeated on an annual basis. ... /Cyanides/

Pre-placement and periodic examinations should include the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, liver and kidney function, blood, history of fainting and dizzy spells. Blood cyanide levels may be useful during acute intoxication. Urinary thiocyanate levels have been used but are nonspecific and are elevated in smokers. /Cyanides/

READILY PENETRATES SKIN TO PRODUCE SYSTEMIC CYANIDE POISONING, DEATH.

SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 1) MASSIVE DOSES MAY PRODUCE, WITHOUT WARNING, SUDDEN LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS & PROMPT DEATH FROM RESP ARREST. WITH SMALLER BUT STILL LETHAL DOSES, ILLNESS MAY BE PROLONGED FOR 1 OR MORE HOURS. 2) UPON INGESTION, BITTER ... BURNING TASTE IS SOMETIMES NOTED, FOLLOWED BY FEELING OF CONSTRICTION OR NUMBNESS IN THROAT. SALIVATION & NAUSEA ARE NOT UNUSUAL, BUT VOMITING RARELY OCCURS ... . 3) ANXIETY, CONFUSION, VERTIGO, GIDDINESS & OTHER SENSATION OF STIFFNESS IN LOWER JAW. 4) HYPERPNEA & DYSPNEA. 5) ODOR OF BITTER ALMONDS MAY BE NOTED ON BREATH OR VOMITUS ... . 6) IN EARLY PHASES OF POISONING, INCR IN VASOCONSTRICTOR TONE CAUSES RISE IN BLOOD PRESSURE & REFLEX SLOWING OF HEART RATE. THEREAFTER PULSE BECOMES WEAK AND SOMETIMES IRREGULAR. 6) ... SENSATION OF CONSTRICTION IN CHEST. 7) UNCONSCIOUSNESS, FOLLOWED PROMPTLY BY VIOLENT CONVULSIONS, EPILEPTIFORM OR TONIC ... OPISTHOTONOS & TRISMUS MAY DEVELOP. INVOLUNTARY MICTURITION & DEFECATION OCCUR. 8) PARALYSIS, ... SKIN IS COVERED WITH SWEAT. EYEBALLS PROTRUDE & PUPILS ARE DILATED & UNREACTIVE. MOUTH IS COVERED WITH FOAM WHICH IS SOMETIMES BLOOD-STAINED. SKIN COLOR MAY BE BRICK-RED. CYANOSIS IS NOT PROMINENT IN SPITE OF WEAK & IRREGULAR GASPING. /CYANIDE/

TOXIC BY INGESTION, INHALATION & SKIN CONTACT.

Chloropropanes and chloropropenes cause contact dermatitis, headaches, vertigo, tearing, irritation of mucous membranes, and when ingested, liver damage in humans. /Chloropropanes and chloropropenes/

/Experimental Therapy:/ An approach to antidote therapy for cyanide poisoning by using Stroma-Free Methemoglobin Solution was investigated. Rats injected with an LD100 intravenous dose of cyanide were treated with Stroma-Free Methemoglobin Solution equal to 1.5% of their total body hemoglobin. There was a highly significant increase in the survival rate of the treated group compared to saline controls. The potential advantages of Stroma-Free Methemoglobin Solution over current antidotes include an immediate onset of action, rapid elimination of cyanide from the body and a mode of action that doesn't compromise any of the patients' oxygen carrying capacity. Stroma-Free Methemoglobin Solution shows promise as a significant adjunct in the treatment of cyanide poisoning.

P027; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 3-chloropropionitrile, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1,000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Propionitrile, 3-chloro- is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 1,000 lbs.

Used in pharmaceutical and polymer synthesis; [Merck Index]

IN PHARMACEUTICAL & POLYMER SYNTHESIS; COMBINES THE REACTIVITY OF NITRILE & AN ALKYL HALIDE.