Tetraethyltin

Signs and Symptoms of Tetraethyltin Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to tetraethyltin may include nausea, vomiting, cramping, pneumoconiosis, occasionally bronchitis, liver failure, peritonitis (inflammation of the abdominal lining) and biliary tract damage. Other symptoms may include headache, visual defects, skin burns or dermatitis, unsteadiness, and swelling of the brain and spinal cord.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

0.1 [mg/m3], as Sn

0.2 [mg/m3], as Sn

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.1 mg/cu m; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 0.2 mg/cu m. Skin. /Tin, organic compounds, as Sn/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Tin, organic compounds, as Sn/

0.1 mg/m³

0.1 [mg/m3], as Sn

0.1 mg/m³

0.019 [mg/m3]

0.21 [mg/m3]

1.2 [mg/m3]

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 11.0 mg/l/96 hr (confidence limit 9.58 - 12.5 mg/l), flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 25.2 °C, dissolved oxygen 6.2 mg/l, hardness 43.7 mg/l calcium carbonate, alkalinity 41.6 mg/l calcium carbonate, and pH 7.5.

EC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 7.19 ug/l/96 hr (confidence limit not reliable), flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 25.2 °C, dissolved oxygen 6.2 mg/l, hardness 43.7 mg/l calcium carbonate, alkalinity 41.6 mg/l calcium carbonate, and pH 7.5. Effect: loss of equilibrium.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 760(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tetraethyl tin is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of tetraethyl tin from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.63 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). The potential for volatilization of tetraethyl tin from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.2 mm Hg(4). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Tetraethyl tin may be susceptible to biodegradation in soil based upon possible biodegradability of butyltin compounds such as tri-, di- and monobutyltin species(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 760(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tetraethyl tin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.63 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hrs and 6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 77,000(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 5.4(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). Tetraethyl tin may be susceptible to biodegradation in water based upon possible biodegradability of butyltin compounds such as tri-, di- and monobutyltin species(5).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tetraethyl tin, which has a vapor pressure of 1.2 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tetraethyl tin is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 10 hrs(SRC), calculated from its estimated rate constant of 3.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Tetraethyl tin may absorb ultraviolet light >290 nm and may be susceptible to direct photolysis based upon the absorption behavior of tri-, di-, and monobutyltin compounds(4).

Organotin compounds produce neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects. Organotins may directly activate glial cells contributing to neuronal cell degeneration by local release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-_, and/or interleukins. They may also induce apoptosis by direct action on neuronal cells. Organotin compounds stimulate the neuronal release of and/or decrease of neuronal cell uptake of neurotransmitters in brain tissue, including aspartate, GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, and serotonin. This may be either a contributing factor to or result of the neuronal cell loss. The immunotoxic effects of organotins are characterized by thymic atrophy caused by the suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes and apoptosis of mature thymocytes. Organotin compounds are believed to exert these effects by suppressing DNA and protein synthesis, inducing the expression of genes involved in apoptosis (such as nur77), and disrupting the regulation of intracellular calcium levels, giving rise to the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species, release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and the proteolytic and nucleolytic cascade of apoptosis. The suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes further results in the suppression of T-cell-mediated immune responses. Organotins are also endocrine disruptors and are believed to contribute to obesity by inappropriate receptor activation, leading to adipocyte differentiation. Inorganic tin triggers eryptosis, contributing to tin-induced anemia. (L308, A182, A184)

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for tetraethyl tin can be estimated to be 760(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that tetraethyl tin is expected to have low mobility in soil.

Tetraethyl tin may be susceptible to biodegradation in water based upon possible biodegradability of butyltin compounds such as tri-, di- and monobutyltin species(1), although no data concerning biodegradation of tetraethyl tin were located(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 77,000 was calculated for tetraethyl tin(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 5.44(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC).

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Tetraethyl tin is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 100 lbs. Extremely hazardous substances that are solids are subject to either of two threshold planning quantities ... The lower quantity applies only if the solid exists in powdered for and has a particle size less than 100 microns; or is handled in solution or in molten form; or meets the criteria for a National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) rating of 2, 3 or 4 for reactivity. If the solid does not meet any of these criteria, it is subject to the upper ... threshold planning quantity ... .

Used as catalyst for olefin polymerization and to produce other organotin compounds; [HSDB] Used as biocide, bactericide, fungicide, and insecticide; Also used as a preservative for wood, textiles, paper, and leather; Not registered with the EPA for use as a pesticide in the US; [CAMEO]

Pulp and Paper Processing [Category: Industry]

Catalyst for olefin polymerization

The main use for tetraorganotin compounds is captive use as intermediates for the tri-, di-, and monoorganotin compounds. /Tetraorganotin cmpd/