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Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Other Toxic Gases & Vapors

Flammable agents - 2nd degree

1.634 at 73.4 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.634 g/cu cm at 23 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.63

1.634 @ 23°C

Soluble in ethanol, ether, and acetone

Solubility in water: poor

124 °F (USCG, 1999)

51.1 °C

277 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

138 °C

BP: 63.5 to 64 °C at 50 mm Hg

BP: 31.5 °C at 8 mm Hg

Partial decomposition at boiling point: 136 °C

137 °C

-33.7 °F (USCG, 1999)

-36.5 °C

-36.5 °C

-36.5 °C

Danger

H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P284, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P319, P320, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 5 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Danger

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

Chemical: 2-Propanone, 1-bromo-

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic fumes of Bromine (USCG, 1999)

· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.

Flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Very powerful lachrymator and upper respiratory tract irritant. Intensely irritating to the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs. Corrosive to the skin. (USCG, 1999)

· TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.

P017; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when bromoacetone, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 2-Propanone, 1-bromo is included on this list.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

Use water spray, powder.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Call a physician.

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Separated from strong oxidants, food,and feedstuffs. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Keep tightly closed and protected from light.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P017, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

A strong lachrymator. Inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Animal studies indicate that at very high concentrations it can cause kidney and liver damage. Bromoacetone causes ocular irritation in 30% of human subjects at 0.1 ppm and 100% of human subjects at 1.0 ppm.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bromoacetone is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of bromoacetone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Bromoacetone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9 mm Hg at 20 °C(4). Photolysis may occur on soil surfaces exposed to sunlight(5). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2010).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bromoacetone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 and 31 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.11(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Photolysis may be an important degradation process for bromoacetone in sunlit water(8). If bromoacetone is spilled into a body of water, it will sink to the bottom of the water column, dissolve slowly and turn violet rapidly(9). Although ketones are generally resistant to hydrolysis, the substituted bromine group may be susceptible to hydrolysis(3). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2010).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), bromoacetone, which has a vapor pressure of 9 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bromoacetone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 54 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Bromoacetone absorbs light strongly in the wavelength region between 290-350 nm, with a UV max occurring at 300 nm(4); however, kinetic rate data are not available to predict the rate at which direct photolysis may occur in the environment(5). Bromoacetone turns violet rapidly in the presence of light, even in the absence of air(6).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

Oral (L626) ; inhalation (L626) ; dermal (L626)

Organobromide compounds such as bromoacetone are strong alkylating agents. Consequently they can readily modify free thiols (cysteines) and methionine residues of the surfaces of proteins leading to the disruption of enzyme, transporter or membrane functions. One of the most probable protein targets is the TRPA1 ion channel that is expressed in sensory nerves (trigeminal nerve) of the eyes, nose, mouth and lungs.

Bromoacetone (<1% in oil by wt) has been detected in the essential oil of the red alga seaweed, Asparagopsis taxiformis, which grows in the ocean around the Hawaiian Islands(1). In Hawaii, this seaweed is known as limu kohu (supreme seaweed) and is highly prized for its aroma and flavor(1); in addition to bromoacetone, 41 other halogenated constituents were detected in this seaweed(1).

Burning sensation. Cough. Sore throat. Laboured breathing.

Redness. Pain.

Watering of the eyes. Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation in the throat and chest. Cough. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting.

Bromoacetone is a strong lachrymator. Inhalation leads to a burning sensation, cough, sore throat, labored breathing. Skin exposure causes redness, pain. Eyes exposure causes watering of the eyes, redness, pain, blurred vision. Ingestion leads to abdominal pain, burning sensation in the throat and chest, cough, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of bromoacetone can be estimated to be 5(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that bromoacetone is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

Bromoacetone (598-31-2) was evaluated for acute inhalation toxicity in rats (5/sex/group) administered dynamically-generated whole body exposures to nominal vapor concentrations of 20, 50, and 150 ppm in air for 6, 12, 30, 60, or 120 minutes. During exposures, all animals exhibited tearing and salivation, followed by nasal discharge and labored breathing. Post-exposure clinical responses during 14-day observation included wheezing, severe dyspnea, bloody nasal discharge, and weight loss (10, 20 ppm). The severity and time to onset of responses, both during and after exposures, were unanimous, but significantly adversely influenced by increasing exposure level and/or duration. Toxic mortality within hours or at 2 weeks was also accelerated and increased in association with bromoacetone exposures in a dose- and/or time-dependent manner. Gross necropsy found study lethalities with congested nasal passages, slight pulmonary congestion and patchy hemorrhage, and severely gas-distended stomachs and intestine. The study survivors exhibited moderate focal pneumonia only. The liver, kidneys, and other major organ appeared unaffected by treatment. In parallel study to determine irritation thresholds, eye irritation was induced at 1.0 ppm (15 min), lachrymation and sneezing at 10.0 ppm (43 min), and severe dyspnea, post-exposure nasal bleeding, and weight loss at 20.0 ppm (87 min). No abnormalities were noted on gross necropsy of these animals. Interpolation from graphically determined L(Ct)50's generated a one-hour LC50 of approximately 0.112 mg/l (20 ppm) and an L(Ct)50 was 6.72 mg-min/l (1200 ppm-min).

Bromoacetone (598-31-2) was evaluated for acute irritative response in 6 human volunteers self-exposed to concentrations of 1.0 (analytical) and 0.1 ppm (nominal) in a modified chemical worker's goggle (eye test) or exposure chamber (odor test), or by sniffing from vapor in a plastic gas sampling bag. All subjects noted marked ocular irritation on exposure to 1 ppm bromoacetone vapor, while only 2/6 discerned irritation at 0.1 ppm. None of 6 subjects noted an objectionable odor while sniffing 1 ppm bromoacetone vapor. Consequently, exposures of 1 ppm or more would be required to give irritative warning of toxic exposure. In parallel study, rats were individually exposed in an environmental chamber to nominal bromoacetone vapor concentrations of 0 to 20.0 ppm until a particular response was elicited.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, sore throat, labored breathing. Skin: redness, pain. Eyes: causes watering of the eyes, redness, pain, blurred vision. Ingestion: abdominal pain, burning sensation in the throat and chest, cough, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Poisonous and intensely irritating to skin and mucous membranes.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Violent lacrimator.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Permanent dense opacification of cornea has resulted from splashing liquid bromoacetone in the eye. Relatively minor injury has occurred in a case in which only a few fine droplets came in contact with eye. Spots of gray opacity & necrosis appeared in corneal epithelium, but in a few days ... eye recovered completely.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Bromoacetone (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

P017; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when bromoacetone, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 2-Propanone, 1-bromo is included on this list.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

... In this study, the factors influencing the disposition and biotransformation of 1-bromopropane (1-BrP) were examined in male F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice following inhalation exposure (800 ppm) or intravenous administration (5, 20, and 100 mg/kg). (1,2,3-13C)1-BrP and (1-14C)1-BrP were administered to enable characterization of urinary metabolites using NMR spectroscopy, LC-MS/MS, and HPLC coupled radiochromatography. ... The molar ratio of exhaled 14CO2 to total released bromide, which decreased as dose increased, demonstrated that the proportion of 1-BrP metabolized via oxidation relative to pathways dependent on glutathione conjugation is inversely proportional to dose in the rat. (14C)1-BrP equivalents were recovered in urine (13-17%, rats; 14-23% mice), feces (< 2%), or retained in the tissues and carcass (< 6%) of rats and mice administered iv 5 to 100 mg/kg (14C)1-BrP. Metabolites characterized in urine of rats and mice include N-acetyl-S-propylcysteine, N-acetyl-3-(propylsulfinyl)alanine, N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxypropyl)cysteine, 1-bromo-2-hydroxypropane-O-glucuronide, N-acetyl-S-(2-oxopropyl)cysteine, and N-acetyl-3-[(2-oxopropyl)sulfinyl]alanine. These metabolites may be formed following oxidation of 1-bromopropane to 1-bromo-2-propanol and bromoacetone and following subsequent glutathione conjugation with either of these compounds ...

Bromoacetone is a metabolic byproduct of bromopropane. It can react with glutathione and generate conjugates that are subsequently secreted in the urine.

Was used as a chemical war gas; [CAMEO]

Chemical war gas /former use/

Organic synthesis; tear gas /Former use/

Bromoacetone is an industrial and laboratory chemical. Occupational exposure to bromoacetone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where bromoacetone is produced or used.

Preparation by bromination of acetone.

By treating aq acetone with bromine and sodium chlorate at 30-40 °C

Bromo organic compounds may be formed during water chlorination treatments by the oxidation of naturally occurring bromine via hypochlorous acid to hypobromous acid, which is then capable of forming organic bromine compounds; however, this scenario has never been experimentally shown to produce bromoacetone.