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NEEDLES FROM ACETIC ACID-XYLENE

Pale yellow crystalline solid

Insoluble (NTP, 1992)

INSOL IN WATER, ALC; SLIGHTLY SOL IN BENZENE; SLIGHTLY SOL IN ORG SOLVENTS; SOL IN NITROBENZENE

Insoluble in alcohol. Slightly soluble in ketone, chlorinated and aromatic solvents.

535.1 to 536.9 °F (NTP, 1992)

279.5-280.5 °C

Tetrabromophthalic anhydride is a pale yellow crystalline solid. (NTP, 1992)

Dry Powder; CBI

Pale yellow solid; [HSDB] Powder; [MSDSonline]

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 77.5% (441 of 569) of all reports.

Warning

H317 (21.6%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

P261, P272, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 569 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Chemical: 1,3-Isobenzofurandione, 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-

Hazard Traits - Nephrotoxicity and Other Toxicity to the Urinary System; Neurotoxicity

1,3-Isobenzofurandione, 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1,3-Isobenzofurandione, 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 13-10-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/2076

1,3-Isobenzofurandione, 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

A mutagen and mild eye irritant; Causes change in lung weight on inhalation studies of rats; [RTECS] No evidence of mutagenicity in several tests using bacteria and rat liver; [HSDB] An eye and respiratory tract irritant; [CAMEO] See ACID ANHYDRIDES.

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, use, and exposure to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Tetrabromophthalic anhydride is included on this list.

TETRABROMOPHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE reacts exothermically with water. This reaction is expected to be slow, but can become vigorous if local heating accelerates it. Reaction with water is accelerated by acids. Incompatible with acids, strong oxidizing agents, alcohols, amines, and bases.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: You should dampen the solid spill material with acetone, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the adsorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminate area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

THE RECENT FINDING THAT THE WIDELY USED FLAMEPROOFING AGENT, TRIS-(2,3-DIBROMOPROPYL)PHOSPHATE, IS MUTAGENIC IN THE AMES SALMONELLA MICROSOME MUTAGENICITY TEST HAS CAUSED CONCERN THAT OTHER FLAME-PROOFING AGENTS MAY ALSO BE MUTAGENIC. A TEST WHICH UTILIZED S TYPHIMURIUM TESTER STRAINS, TA100, TA98, TA1537 AND TA1535 AND RAT LIVER WAS USED TO STUDY THE MUTAGENICITY OF FLAME RETARDANTS. RESULTS PROVIDE NO INDICATION OF A MUTAGENIC EFFECT OF TETRABROMOPHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE.

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, use, and exposure to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Tetrabromophthalic anhydride is included on this list.

Used as a reactive flame retardant (unsaturated polyester and epoxy resins, plastics, paper, and textiles) and chemical intermediate for other flame retardants; [HSDB] Also use to make sulfobromophthalein (liver function diagnostic aid); [Reference #1]

Pulp and Paper Processing [Category: Industry]

Flame retardant for plastics, paper, and textiles.

Used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of ethylene bis(tetrabromophthalimide); tetrabromophthalate diol

Fire-retarded unsaturated polyester resin comonomer

3,4,5,6-Tetrabromophthalic anhydride is primarily employed as a reactive flame retardant in unsaturated polyester and epoxy resin formulations. It is also used as an intermediate in the manufacture of other flame retardants, such as diallyl tetrabromophthalate and tetrabromophthalate polyol esters.

2023: 10,000,000 - <25,000,000 lb

(1979) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 2.27X10+6 GRAMS

(1981) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 6.81X10+6 GRAMS

3,4,5,6-Tetrabromophthalic anhydride can be prepared by reacting phthalic anhydride and bromine in a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and 70% hydrogen peroxide in the presence of catalytic amounts of iodine or in chlorosulfonic acid containing a small amount of sulfur.

Construction

1,3-Isobenzofurandione, 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-: ACTIVE