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Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Chlorosilanes

Corrosives

1.1100 g/cu cm at 20 °C

1.1100 @ 20°C

190 °C

190 °C @760 [mm Hg]

The silanes decomp at elevated temp to liberate hydrogen and deposit a high purity silicon, which leads to some of the principal uses of silanes. /Silanes/

Hydrogen chloride and phosgene gases may form; both are toxic and irritating.

When heated to decomposition ...it produces toxic and corrosive fumes of /chlorine/ and /hydrogen chloride/.

Hexyltrichlorosilane is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. It is decomposed by moist air or water to hydrochloric acid with evolution of heat. It is corrosive to metals and tissue. It is used as a chemical intermediate.

Liquid

Colorless liquid with a penetrating odor; Fumes in moist air; [Hawley]

Decomposes in water

Fumes strongly in moist air.

The reaction of organosilanes with halogens and halogen compounds usually proceeds in good yield through cleavage of the Si--H bond and formation of the silicon-halogen bond. Reaction with fluorine, however, does not proceed satisfactorily because of cleavage of not only the Si--H but also C--Si and C--H bonds. Direct halogenation with chlorination, bromine, and iodine proceeds smoothly, however. /Organosilanes/

Danger

H301 (60%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 65 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Chemical: Silane, trichlorohexyl-

Silane, trichlorohexyl- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Silane, trichlorohexyl- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

· Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.

Combustible

With a little ammonia, it forms a self-igniting product. /Chlorosilanes/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.

A strong irritant; [Hawley] Produces hydrogen chloride when spilled in water; [ERG 2016] A severe skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritant; [HSDB] Reacts violently with water evolving heat, hydrogen (combustible), and hydrogen chloride (corrosive); Produces hydrogen chloride gas on contact with air; Corrosive to tissue; [CAMEO] Reacts violently with water; A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; [MSDSonline]

Chlorosilanes, such as HEXYLTRICHLOROSILANE, are compounds in which silicon is bonded to from one to four chlorine atoms with other bonds to hydrogen and/or alkyl groups. Chlorosilanes react with water, moist air, or steam to produce heat and toxic, corrosive fumes of hydrogen chloride. They may also produce flammable gaseous H2. They can serve as chlorination agents. Chlorosilanes react vigorously with both organic and inorganic acids and with bases to generate toxic or flammable gases.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

If material on fire or involved in fire: use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide; do not use water on material itself; if large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog; use water spray to knock down vapors; cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water; apply water from as far away as possible.

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and goggles.

Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.

SRP: Operations involving entry into tanks or closed vessels, and emergency situations, require consideration of potentially oxygen deficient, or "immediately dangerous to life and health" IDLH environments. This may necessitate use of a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), or a positive pressure supplied air respirator.

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area. Hexyltrichlorosilane can give off corrosive hydrogen chloride gas on contact with water, steam, or moisture. Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storage containers to process containers.

All containers, pipes, apparatus, installations, and structures used for manufacture, storage, transport, or use of these substances must be of material resistant to corrosive substances or be protected by suitable coatings ... All containers or receptacles should be clearly labelled to indicate their contents and should bear the danger symbol for corrosives. /Corrosive substances/

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep this chemical out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the potential for an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive concentrations. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner that results in no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose of, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance procedures to confirm the efficacy of the cleaning procedures should be implemented prior to the decontaminated protective clothing being returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing (including shoes/socks) should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Hexyltrichlorosilane (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

When spilled in water

When spilled in water

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute inhalation exposure may result in sneezing, choking, laryngitis, dyspnea (shortness of breath), respiratory tract irritation, and chest pain. Higher exposure can cause pulmonary edema, a medical emergency that can be delayed for several hours. This can cause death. Bleeding of nose and gums, ulceration of the nasal and oral mucosa, pulmonary edema, chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia may also occur. If the eyes have come in contact with dimethyldichlorosilane, irritation, pain, swelling, corneal erosion, and blindness may result. Dermatitis (red, inflamed skin), severe burns, pain, and shock generally follow dermal exposure. Inhalation irritates mucous membranes. Severe gastrointestinal damage may occur. Vapors cause severe eye and lung injury. Upon short contact, second and third degree burns may occur. Signs and symptoms of acute ingestion of dimethyldichlorosilane may be severe and include increased salivation, intense thirst, difficulty swallowing, chills, pain, and shock. Oral, esophageal, and stomach burns are common. /Dimethyldichlorosilane/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation irritates mucous membranes. Contact with liq causes severe burns of eyes and skin ... Vapors cause severe irritation of eyes and throat and can cause eye and lung injury. They cannot be tolerated even at low concn. Causes second- and third-degree burns on short contact ...

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Causes severe eye and skin burns. Serious health hazard. May be harmful if inhaled. Irritating to eye, skin, and respiratory system. /Dimethylchlorosilane/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Short Term Exposure: hexyltrichlorosilane can affect you when breathed in. Hexyltrichlorosilane is a corrosive chemical and can cause severe skin and eye burns leading to permanent eye damage. Exposure can severely irritate the respiratory tract causing coughing and/or shortness of breath. Higher exposures can cause pulmonary edema, a medical emergency that can be delayed for several hours. This can cause death. Long Term Exposure: Highly irritating substances can cause lung irritation and bronchitis with cough, plegm, and/or shortness of breath.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Hexyltrichlorosilane (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ /When instilled/...into eye of rabbit all these compounds /methyl and ethyl chlorosilanes/, even at very low doses (0.05 mL), caused severe burns of cornea and eyelids ... /When applied/ to the skin of rabbit the region attacked by chlorosilanes blanches and blisters appear; action is more marked the damper surface of skin. /Chlorosilanes/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Hydrogen chloride AEGL values were adopted as AEGL values for monochlorosilanes, AEGL values for dichlorosilanes were derived by dividing the hydrogen chloride AEGL values by a molar adjustment factor of two, AEGL values for the title trichlorosilanes were derived by dividing the hydrogen chloride AEGL values by a molar adjustment factor of three, and AEGL values for tetrachlorosilane were derived by dividing the hydrogen chloride AEGL values by a molar adjustment factor of four.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ All these compounds, even in very low doses ... caused severe burns of cornea and eyelids ... /After/ application to the skin of the rabbit the region attacked by chlorosilanes blanches and then blisters appear ... /Chlorosilanes/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Although chemical-specific data are not available for many of the ... chlorosilanes, acute inhalation data from rat studies are available for structurally-similar chlorosilanes (n-propyltrichlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane, vinyltrichlorosilane, ethyltrichlorosilane, methylvinyldichlorosilane, methyldichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, dimethylchlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, and tetrachlorosilane). These data suggest that the acute toxicity of chlorosilanes is due to the hydrogen chloride hydrolysis product; acute toxicity of the chlorosilanes is both qualitatively (based on clinical signs) and quantitatively (based on molar equivalents of hydrogen chloride) similar to that of HCl. Complete hydrolysis of one mole of a monochlorosilane would yield a maximum of one mole of hydrogen chloride. Complete hydrolysis of a dichlorosilane would yield a maximum of two moles of hydrogen chloride, complete hydrolysis of a trichlorosilane would yield a maximum of three moles of hydrogen chloride, and complete hydrolysis of tetrachlorosilane would yield a maximum of four moles of hydrogen chloride. /Chorosilanes/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ /Via inhalation/ they have a corrosive action when brought into contact with mucous membranes. /Chlorosilanes/

Silane compounds decompose upon contact with water or steam to produce heat and toxic and corrosive fumes of hydrogen chloride. Silane ignites spontaneously in air(1,2). With a little ammonia, it forms a self-igniting product(1). /Chlorosilanes/

Chlorosilane compounds' production and use as intermediates for silicone products may result in their release to the environment through various waste streams. However, these compounds decompose to release hydrogen chloride upon contact with water or steam. Therefore, volatilization, biodegradation, and bioconcentration are not expected to be important environmental fate processes. /Chlorosilanes/ (SRC)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Silane, Chlorosilane, and Related Compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal (refer to ingestion protocol in Section Three ... . Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Silane, Chlorosilane, and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Silane, Chlorosilane, and related compounds/

Hexyltrichlorosilane

A Commercial Grade

A Placarded Amount

Chemical or material that can be mixed with readily available materials.

Used as chemical intermediate; [Hawley]

Toxic Gas from Spilling Chemical in Water [Category: Other]

Chemical intermediate

2023: 75,000 - <500,000 lb

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#3764]

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Silane, trichlorohexyl-. Aggregated National Production Volume: 500,000 to <1 million lbs.

All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing

Silane, trichlorohexyl-: ACTIVE