기본 정보
- 표준 SMILES
CNC1(c2ccccc2Cl)CCCCC1=O.Cl- InChIKey
VCMGMSHEPQENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N- 분자식
- C13H17Cl2NO
- 평균 분자량
- 274.18 g/mol
- 단동위원소 질량
- 273.06871952
개요
Ketamine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of a synthetic derivative of cyclohexanone with analgesic and anesthetic activities. Although its mechanism of action is not well understood, ketamine appears to non-competitively block N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and may interact with opioid mu receptors and sigma receptors, thereby reducing pain perception, inducing sedation, and producing dissociative anesthesia.
이름 및 식별자
- 우선 이름
- Ketamine Hydrochloride
- IUPAC
- 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one;hydrochloride
이름 및 동의어
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE1867-66-9VetalarKetavetKETAMINE HCL2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone hydrochlorideCL 369(+-)-Ketamine hydrochlorideCN-52,372-2Ketamine hydrochloride ciiiKetamine (as hydrochloride)CI-581
이름 더 보기
O18YUO0I83DTXSID4040137Ketamini hydrochloridumCL-369(+-)-2-(o-Chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone hydrochlorideCN-523722CN-52372-2Cyclohexanone, 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-, hydrochloride
데이터베이스 식별자
- CAS
1867-66-9- PubChem CID
- 15851
- DTXSID
DTXSID4040137- ChEMBL
CHEMBL1714- UNII
- O18YUO0I83
- EC Number
- 217-484-6
물성
구조 계산 물성
- 극성 표면적
- 29.1 Ų
- 수소 결합 공여자 수
- 2
- 수소 결합 수용자 수
- 2
- 회전 가능 결합 수
- 2
- 무거운 원자 수
- 17
- 형식 전하
- 0
- 복잡도
- 269
실험 및 물리화학적 성질
Human Drugs
FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient
FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient
Animal DrugsActive Ingredients (Ketamine Hydrochloride) -> FDA Greenbook
안전 및 규제
GHS 분류
GHS Classification
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.1% (1 of 90) of reports.
Warning
H302 (96.7%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]
P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)
Aggregated GHS information provided per 90 reports by companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
유해성 정보
Regulatory Information
Status: Active Update: 25-06-2015 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/11308
Ketamine hydrochloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard
Other Safety InformationIMAP assessments - Cyclohexanone, 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-, hydrochloride, (.+-.)-: Environment tier I assessment
Hazard Classes and CategoriesAcute Tox. 4 (96.7%)
독성 정보
TreatmentSupportive ventilation should be employed. Mechanical support of respiration is preferred to administration of analeptics. (L1712)
Health EffectsChronic use of ketamine may lead to cognitive impairments including memory problems. [Wikipedia]
Exposure RoutesRapidly absorbed following parenteral administration.
Toxicity Summary
Ketamine has several clinically useful properties, including analgesia and less cardiorespiratory depressant effects than other anaesthetic agents, it also causes some stimulation of the cardiocascular system. Ketamine has been reported to produce general as well as local anaesthesia. It interacts with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, opioid receptors, monoaminergic receptors, muscarinic receptors and voltage sensitive Ca ion channels. Unlike other general anaesthetic agents, ketamine does not interact with GABA receptors.
Signs and SymptomsKetamine has a wide range of effects in humans, including analgesia, anesthesia, hallucinations, elevated blood pressure, and bronchodilation.[Wikipedia]
Carcinogen ClassificationNo indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Drug Induced Liver Injury
Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)
Ketamine hydrochloride
vLess-DILI-concern
0
No match
DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
화학 및 산업
약리 정보
Metabolism/MetabolitesHepatic.
Half Life: 2.5-3 hours.
FDA Pharmacological Classification
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
General Anesthetic [EPC]; General Anesthesia [PE]
MeSH Pharmacological Classification
Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.
Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)
Drugs that bind to but do not activate excitatory amino acid receptors, thereby blocking the actions of agonists.
용도 및 제조
Uses
Ketamine is primarily used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, usually in combination with some sedative drug. Other uses include sedation in intensive care, analgesia (particularly in emergency medicine), and treatment of bronchospasm. It is also a popular anesthetic in veterinary medicine. [Wikipedia] For use as the sole anesthetic agent for diagnostic and surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation.
Use ClassificationAnimal Drugs -> FDA Approved Animal Drug Products (Green Book) -> Active Ingredients
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