4-나이트로-m-페닐렌다이아민

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 85(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 4-nitro-1,3-benzenediamine is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). However, aromatic amines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(3), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC). Volatilization of 4-nitro-1,3-benzenediamine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.8X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). 4-Nitro-1,3-benzenediamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 5.6X10-5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2007).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 85(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 4-nitro-1,3-benzenediamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.8X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.55(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2007).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 4-nitro-1,3-benzenediamine, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 5.6X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 4-nitro-1,3-benzenediamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.0X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 4-nitro-1,3-benzenediamine may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). The compound contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The safety of 4-Nitro-m-Phenylenediamine has not been documented and substantiated. The CIR Expert Panel cannot conclude that this ingredient is safe for use in cosmetic products until the appropriate safety data have been obtained and evaluated.

Ingredients for which the data are insufficient and their use in cosmetics is not supported

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 4-nitro-1,3-benzenediamine can be estimated to be 85(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 4-nitro-1,3-benzenediamine is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). However, aromatic amines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(3), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for 4-nitro-1,3-benzenediamine(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.55(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 4-nitro-1,3-benzenediamine is estimated as 5.8X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 4-nitro-1,3-benzenediamine is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 4-Nitro-1,3-benzenediamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 5.6X10-5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

/GENOTOXICITY/ The mutagenicity of 4-nitro-m-phenylenediamine in DMSO in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537 was evaluated with and without metabolic activation ... The test substance (0.0-10,000 ug/plate) was incubated with each Salmonella culture for 20 min (37 °C) prior to plating. Two different S-9 mixes (rat and hamster liver) were used. ... 4-Nitro-m-phenylenediamine was mutagenic in strain TA98 both with and without metabolic activation, but was not mutagenic in strains TA100 and TA1535. In strain TA1537, positive (S-9 mix, hamster liver) and negative (S-9 mix, rat liver) results were obtained with metabolic activation, and, negative results, without metabolic activation. In strain TA97, 4-nitro-m-phenylenediamine was mutagenic only in the presence of metabolic activation (10.0% S-9, hamster liver). ... 4-nitro-m-phenylenediamine was mutagenic.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ... Review of the 4-nitro-1,3 -Benzenediamine toxicological properties revealed a median lethal dose of 500 mg/kg in an acute oral toxicity study in mice. /This coumpound/ was mutagenic in the Ames/Salmonella assay and a chromosome aberrations test. Equivocal results were demonstrated in a sister chromatid exchange assay. No carcinogenicity data existed. ... no data on the skin irritation and sensitization and dermal toxicity potential ...

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 4-nitro-1,3-benzenediamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.0X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 4-Nitro-1,3-benzenediamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). The compound contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1,3-Benzenediamine, 4-nitro is included on this list. Effective date 4/29/83; Sunset date 12/29/88.