3-(Chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride

286 to 291 °F (NTP, 1992)

137-143 °C

3-(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride appears as yellow powder or yellow-tan solid with an irritating odor. (NTP, 1992)

Yellow or tannish-yellow solid with an irritating odor; Hygroscopic; [CAMEO] Off-white powder; [MSDSonline]

Danger

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P330, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 51 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include irritation of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. Symptoms of exposure to a similar compound include a burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis shortness of breath, headache, nausea and vomiting.

Emergency treatment: Pyridine; Pyridine is an irritant that causes CNS depression after ingestion of 1/2 cup or inhalation of 6-12 ppm; It can cause liver and kidney injury; [HSDB] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; [CAMEO] A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; May cause skin sensitization; Inhalation may cause chemical pneumonitis; [Alfa Aesar MSDS] See Pyridine.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter). (NTP, 1992)

Depending on the extent of possible contact, workers should be provided with personal protective equipment. A charcoal gas mask canister respirator has been found to be effective against a 2% pyridine concentration at 30 l/min for 1 hr. Rubber and plastic gloves should not be relied upon to prevent skin contact because pyridine and many of its derivatives penetrate these materials ... . /Pyridine, homologs, and derivatives/

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=6959-48-4]

3-Chloromethyl- pyridine hydrochloride

TR-095: Bioassay of 3-(Chloromethyl)pyridine Hydrochloride for Possible Carcinogenicity (CASRN 6959-48-4) (1978 )

10/25/78

Clear Evidence

Equivocal Evidence

Clear Evidence

MALE & FEMALE FISCHER 344 RATS GIVEN BY GAVAGE 75 OR 150 MG/KG 3 TIMES/WK FOR 103 & 83 WK. SQUAMOUS-CELL LESIONS OCCURRED IN STOMACH OF MALES & FEMALES. EARLY DEATHS IN HIGH-DOSE LEVELS. 20 CONTROLS OF EACH SEX IN EACH GROUP.

FIFTY MALE & 50 FEMALE B6C3F1 MICE GIVEN 100 OR 200 MG/KG BY GAVAGE 3 TIMES/WK FOR 81 & 102 WK. IT PRODUCED PAPILLOMAS & CARCINOMAS OF STOMACH. EARLY DEATHS OCCURRED IN HIGH-DOSE GROUPS. (CONTROLS IN EACH GROUP 20 MICE OF EACH SEX)

3-(Chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride was evaluated for its mutagenic potential in the L5178Y TK+/TK- mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay using established procedures. Two experiments were conducted in the absence of an exogenous metabolic activation system. The dose levels tested in these experiments ranged from 0-50 ug/ml. Significant mutagenic responses were obtained in both experiments, and the lowest effective dose tested was 5 ug/ml.

3-(Chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride was evaluated for the induction of sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster by the National Toxicology Program. Canton-S wild-type males were treated with concentrations of 3-(chloromethyl)pyridine that result in approximately 30% mortality. Following treatment, males were mated individually to 3 harems of Basc virgin females to produce 3 broods for analysis. The concentrations of 3-(chloromethyl)pyridine tested by injection (1000 ppm) and feeding (10, 20, and 30 ppm) were negative in this assay.

The mutagenicity of halogenated pyridines was evaluated in vitro using the Salmonella typhimurium mammalian microsome test. The purpose of the study to establish an initial data base for structure/activity relationship studies. Sixteen pyridines consisting of seven chlorinated pyridines, three fluorinated pyridines, three methylated pyridines, and three chloromethyl pyridines were tested in Salmonella typhimurium (TA-97, TA-98, TA-100, and TA-102) with or without metabolic activation with rat liver S9 mix. Among the tested compounds, four were clearly mutagenic, three gave equivocal results, and nine were nonmutagenic. 2-Chloropyridine, 2,3-dichloropyridine, 2-chloromethylpyridine, and 3-chloromethylpyridine showed definite mutagenicity in at least one strain. Only 2-chloropyridine was mutagenic in all four bacterial strains. All positive compounds except 2-chloropyridine showed signs of toxicity. Two chlorinated and one fluorinated pyridine derivatives yielded equivocal results. ... The four positive compounds contain a halogen atom in at least the 2 position or a chloromethyl group in the 2 or 3 position. These data suggest that halogenated pyridines, especially those with halogens at the 2 position and singly on a methyl subtitutent, have mutagenic activity in the Ames-Salmonella assay.

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

A bioassay of 3-(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical by gavage to Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Groups of 50 rats and 50 mice of each sex were administered 3-(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride in a vehicle of distilled water three times/wk at one of the following doses, either 75 or 150 mg/kg body weight for the rats and either 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight for the mice. The low dose rats were dosed for 103 wk and the low dose mice for 102 wk. Because of early deaths in the high dose animals, the high dose rats were dosed for only 83 wk and the high dose mice for only 81 wk. Controls consisted of groups of 20 rats and 20 mice of each sex which were administered the vehicle only for 104 wk. All surviving rats and mice were /sacrificed/ at 104 wk. ... Under the conditions of this bioassay, 3-(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride was carcinogenic in male Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice of both sexes, producing papillomas and carcinomas at the site of topical application, the stomach. Levels of Evidence of Carcinogenicity: Male Rats: Positive; Female Rats: Equivocal; Male Mice: Positive; Female Mice: Positive.

LD50 Rat oral 316 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 316 mg/kg

Used as a research chemical; Not commercially produced in the US; [HSDB]

RESEARCH CHEMICAL

(1977) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN USA

(1979) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN USA