Benzyl Benzoate

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

To fight fire, use carbon dioxide, water spray or mist, dry chemical.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

Benzyl benzoate should be stored in light-resistant containers and should not be exposed to excessive heat.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

The use of benzyl benzoate as a vehicle constituent in administering cyproterone acetate caused morphological changes detectable at the ultrastructural level in the adrenal cortex. Castor oil and benzyl benzoate in a 4:1 ratio caused intracellular as well as intercellular changes. In the zona fasciculata there were alterations in mitochondrial shape, size, and matrix. Intercellular changes affected the morphology of macrophages in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. It is believed that the castor oil and benzyl benzoate vehicle caused stress-induced changes.

LC50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail) age 14 days; diet (in food) >5000 ppm for 8 days /99.4% purity/

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail) age 23 weeks; oral via capsule >2000 mg/kg /99.4% purity/

LC50; Species: Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) mature; Conditions: freshwater, flow through; Concentration: 4.8 mg/L for 96 hr /99.8% purity/

LC50; Species: Gammarus fasciatus (Scud) mature; Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 9.8 mg/L for 24 hr /99% purity/

LC50; Species: Gammarus fasciatus (Scud) mature; Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 4.8 mg/L for 96 hr /99% purity/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2500(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that benzyl benzoate is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of benzyl benzoate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Benzyl benzoate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.24X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 90% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(4) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2500(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that benzyl benzoate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 190(SRC), from its log Kow of 3.97(5) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process as suggested by estimated acid-base hydrolysis half-lives of 1.7 years and 63 days at pH 7 and pH 8, respectively(1). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 90% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), benzyl benzoate, which has a vapor pressure of 2.25X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase benzyl benzoate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 55 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase benzyl benzoate may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Benzyl benzoate contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Benzyl benzoate has been reported at a concentration of 0.22 ug/g in volatiles from pineapple guava (Feihoa sellowiana Berg) fruit(1). The compound was detected, not quantified in new fraction of volatiles of clove essential oil (Eugenia carophyllus Spreng)(2).

Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Benzyl benzoate is a liquid. It is used as solvent of cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose and artificial musk, substitute for camphor in celluloid and plastic pyroxylin compounds, perfume fixative, in confectionary and chewing gum flavors. As an insecticide/miticide, it was used to control dust mites in carpets, mattresses, upholstery, and on furniture. Benzyl benzoate is used as an alternative agent for the topical treatment of scabies and also has been used for the topical treatment of pediculosis (lice infestation). It is also used in veterinary medicine as acaricide and pediculicide, but is contraindicated in cats. It was used in the Vietnam War to eradicate and repel certain ticks and mites. HUMAN STUDIES: Direct contact may cause skin irritation. Liquid is irritating to eyes on direct contact, but no damage has been reported. There was no evidence of adverse effects on pregnancy outcome due to topical benzyl benzoate lotion. Benzyl benzoate gave estrogenic responses in a human breast cancer cell line in culture. ANIMAL STUDIES: 13-week study in rats demonstrated decreased body weight gain and mortality at 800 mg/kg/day. Neurotoxicity signs noted such as staggering, respiratory difficulty, and lethargy. Hemorrhages were found around the mouth and nose, and histologic lesions in the brain, thymus, skeletal muscle, and kidney. Benzyl benzoate was not tested for carcinogenicity, but the metabolite benzyl alcohol was tested in rats and mice. No evidence of carcinogenic activity was found in benzyl alcohol. The maternal and fetal toxicity of benzyl benzoate was evaluated in pregnant rats after a daily oral dose of 25 and 100 mg/kg. The results demonstrated that benzyl benzoate and its metabolites can transport to the placenta and eventually enter the fetuses. Benzyl benzoate was tested for mutagenicity and found to be negative in inducing unscheduled glycol nucleic acid synthesis in rat liver cells. The chemical did not cause damage to hormones nor did it cause mammalian cell mutations in vitro.

Cough. Sore throat.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Dry skin. Redness.

Redness.

EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of February 4, 2019: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

Benzyl benzoate has been detected in fly ash from an unspecified waste incineration operation, as reported in a literature review spanning 1964 through 1979(1). The compound was reported present in spent kraft bleaching liquors of beech and akamtsu pulps, from an unspecified plant in Japan(2).

Synthetic flavoring substances and adjuvants may be safely used in food in accordance with the following conditions. (a) They are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice. (b) They consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part. Benzyl benzoate is included on this list.

Benzyl benzoate is an indirect food additive for use as a component of adhesives.

Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses ... . However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: benzyl benzoate is included in pediculicide drug products.

The Agency has completed its review of submitted data and its assessment of the residential and occupational risks associated with the use of pesticide products containing the active ingredient benzyl benzoate. Based on these data, the Agency has sufficient information on the human health effects of benzyl benzoate to make its decision as part of the reregistration process under FIFRA. ... the registrant for AllerCare products Raid Product 319 and Raid Product 420, has asked for the voluntary cancellation of both products. The Agency has determined that all other remaining benzyl benzoate products are eligible for registration.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Benzyl benzoate is found on List D. Case No: 4013; Pesticide type: insecticide, fungicide; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Benzyl benzoate; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide has made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Benzyl benzoate is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

CIR ingredient: Benzyl Benzoate

Used in plastic pyroxylin compounds, flavors, perfumes, plasticizers, dye carriers, antispasmodic drugs, insect repellants, scabicides , and pediculicides; [HSDB] Used as a dye carrier and a solvent for cellulose derivatives, plasticizers, and perfume fixatives; It is the main constituent in Peru balsam; Used in drugs for asthma; [Ullmann]

For benzyl benzoate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 009501) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the USA but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

As solvent of cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose and artificual musk; substitute for camphor in celluloid and plastic pyroxylin compounds; perfume fixative; in confectionary and chewing gum flavors.

Fixative and solvent for musk in perfumes and flavors; medicine (external); plasticizer for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate, miticide.

Reported uses (ppm):

2023: 10,000,000 - <25,000,000 lb

(1972) 1.85X10+8 GRAMS

(1975) 3.35X10+8 GRAMS

(1991) 287,000 kg

Non-confidential 2016 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: Benzyl benzoate:

Benzyl benzoate

Benylate; Benzoic acid, benzyl ester; Benzoic acid, phenylmethyl ester; Benzyl phenylformate; Phenylmethyl benzoate

IFRA_STD_009.pdf

49

IFRA 51st Amendment - Guidance for the use of IFRA Standards

Restriction: This material should be used only in the limited quantity as stated in the Standard

Prepared by the action of sodium benzylate on benzaldehyde ... ; by the dry esterification of sodium benzoate and benzyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine.

Derivation: (a) By a Cannizzaro reaction from benzaldehyde, (b) by esterifying benzyl alcohol with benzoic acid, (c) by treating sodium benzoate with benzyl chloride. Method of purification: Distillation and crystallization.

Benzyl benzoate is produced by esterifying dry sodium benzoate with benzyl chloride or by the dimerization of benzaldehyde. It is also obtained from the bottoms of benzoic acid rectification plants.

Benzyl benzoate is produced from benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate in the presence of triethylamine or transesterification of methyl benzoate with benzyl alcohol in the presence of an alkali benzyl oxide; in another manufacturing process benzaldehyde is condensed to form benzyl benzoate in the presence of sodium (Claisen-Tishchenko condensation)

By the dry esterification of sodium benzoate and benzoyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine or by reaction of sodium benzylate on benzaldehyde.

Table: Benzyl Benzoate Preparations [Table#813]

Acarosan Moist Powder (Allergopharma Joachim): Active ingredient: benylate 5.0%.

Sardex-II Dog Mange Remedy (Happy Jack Inc.): Active ingredient: benylate 29.0%.

Benzyl benzoate is available as a ready-to-use powder and an aerosol (spray).

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for Benzyl benzoate (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Cosmetics product ingredient: Benzyl benzoate

Information on 452 consumer products that contain Benzyl Benzoate in the following categories is provided:

Fragrance Ingredients

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENTFood Additives -> CARRIER_SOLVENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENTFood Additives -> CARRIER_SOLVENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENTFood Additives -> CARRIER_SOLVENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENTFood Additives -> CARRIER_SOLVENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Wholesale and Retail Trade

Benzoic acid, phenylmethyl ester: ACTIVE

Mosquitoes were not repelled by benzyl benzoate applied on vermiculite to 0.5 & 1 acre plots.

Marketing status: Discontinued (50% strength; Emulsion; Topical)

Benzyl benzoate is a byproduct in the manufacture of benzoic acid by the oxidation of toluene; it is present in the benzoic acid distillation residue.

1.7 [Products applied to the lips]

1.4 [Products applied to the axillae]

0.41 [Products applied to the face/body using fingertips]

4.8 [Products related to fine fragrances]

4.3 [Products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on (Body lotion)]

0.21 [Products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on (Face moisturizer)]