4-(N,N-디메틸-N-테트라데실암모늄)메틸-(7-하이드록시쿠마린)염화물

If material on fire or involved in fire: Contact the local, state, or Department of Energy radiological response team. Do not use water. Use graphite, soda ash, powdered sodium chloride, or suitable dry powder. /Uranium metal scrap not irradiated nor requiring protective shielding (Uranium metal, pyrophoric)/

Protection: Keep upwind. ... Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. /Uranium metal scrap not irradiated nor requiring protective shielding. (Uranium metal, pyrophoric)/

... Barium used as uranium fire extinguisher.

Graphite chips and /fire/ blankets should be used when fighting fires; speed is essential.

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for URANIUM, ELEMENTAL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Finely divided uranium metal is highly reactive or pyrophoric, capable of igniting spontaneously. This type of material should be handled and stored in a manner that minimizes fire potential. Typically, machining chips are stored under water or machining oil in open storage containers so that any H2 generated does not accumulate.

In most cases of contamination of equipment and buildings, a mixture of normal housecleaning methods will remove the material. Vacuum cleaners that can handle wet material and have high-efficiency filters are particularly useful. Some surfaces may require repeated scrubbing and vacuuming before they are free of contamination. /Radioactive materials/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Disposal of ... wastes /containing uranium/ should follow guidelines set forth by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Avoid breathing dusts & fumes from burning material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amt of water or soap & water. Evacuation: Keep unnecessary people out of incident area until area declared safe by radiological response team. /Uranium metal scrap not irradiated nor requiring protective shielding (Uranium metal, pyrophoric)/

If material not on fire & not involved in fire: Contact the local, state or Department of Energy radiological response team. Do not use water. Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources & sewers. Keep material dry. Do not attempt to sweep up dry material. /Uranium metal scrap not irradiated nor requiring protective shielding (Uranium metal, pyrophoric)/

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for URANIUM, ELEMENTAL (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Intermediate Inhalation: 0.0004 mg/m3 (Soluble uranium salts) (L134) Chronic Inhalation: 0.0003 mg/m3 (Soluble uranium salts) (L134) Intermediate Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (Soluble uranium salts) (L134) Intermediate Inhalation: 0.008 mg/m3 (Insoluble uranium compounds) (L134)

0.2 [mg/m3], as U

0.6 [mg/m3], as U

0.2 mg/m³ [1992]

0.6 mg/m³ [1992]

0.2 mg/m³ [1992]

0.6 mg/m³ [1992]

0.05 [mg/m3], as U (sol. compds), 0.25 mg/m3, as U (insol. compds)

0.25 mg/m³

0.05 mg/m³

TWA 0.25 mg/m3 See Appendix G

0.60 [mg/m3]

5.0 [mg/m3]

30 [mg/m3]

Developmental (effects while organs are developing), Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)

Skin, kidneys, bone marrow, lymphatic system

Uranium primarily damages the kidney, but may also damage the lungs, central nervous system, and immune system. Uranium's radioactivity is believed to damage the DNA, resulting in carcinogenic effects and reproductive and developmental damage. (L248, L249)

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L249) ; inhalation (L249) ; dermal (L249) ; radiation (L249)

Uranium is combined with either bicarbonate or a plasma protein in the blood but once in the kidney, it is released and forms complexes with phosphate ligands and proteins in the tubular wall, causing damage. Uranium may also inhibit both sodium transport-dependent and independent ATP utilization and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the renal proximal tubule. Uranium causes respiratory diseases by damaging alveolar epithelium type II cells in the lungs. Uranium induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation, which in turn induces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion and generates and inflammatory response in the lungs. Studies have shown that the more soluble the uranium salt, the more toxic it is. Ionizing radiation produced by uranium damages the DNA, resulting in gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations. This can both both initiate and promote carcinogenesis, and interfere with reproduction and development. (L249, A160)

dermatitis; kidney damage; blood changes; ; In Animals: lung, lymph node damage; Potential for cancer is a result of alpha-emitting properties & radioactive decay products (e.g., radon). [potential occupational carcinogen]

Ingestion of uranium may cause vomiting and diarrhea. (L248)

... Arrange for periodic medical examination of persons in contact with uranium and its disintegration products. Monitoring of the uranium content of biological media is required. Persons employed in industrial operations with uranium and exposed to the action of radon should have periodical chest x-ray examinations. The intervals between examinations should be planned with regard to the conditions of work. /Uranium, alloy and compounds/

A complete history and physical examination: The purpose is to detect existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk, and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring. Exam of respiratory system, blood, liver, lymphatic system, and kidneys should be stressed. Skin should be examined for evidence of chronic disorders. A complete blood count: Since uranium is deposited in the bone & is an alpha particle emitter, the function of the bone marrow is at risk. A complete blood count should be performed incl a red cell count, a white cell count, a differential count of a stained smear, as well as hemoglobin and hematocrit. ... Surveillance of the lung is indicated. Urinalysis: Although not reported with insol uranium cmpd, kidney damage has been reported due to uranium exposure. A urinalysis should be performed, including at a minimum specific gravity, albumin, glucose, & microscopic of centrifuged sediment. Periodic medical exam: The aforementioned medical examination should be repeated on an annual basis. In addition, a determination of urinary uranium levels should be performed at any time overexposure is suspected or signs and symptoms of toxicity occur. /Uranium and insol compounds (as uranium)/

Practical recommendations for biologic monitoring of exposure: Chemical agent: uranium; reference value < 0.3 ug/g creatinine in urine; reference value < 0.01 ug/100 mL in blood. /Uranium compounds, as U, from table/

Whole Blood Reference Ranges: Normal - not established; Exposed - not established; Toxic - not established. Serum or Plasma Reference Ranges: Normal - not established; Exposed - not established; Toxic - not established. Urine Reference Ranges: Normal - less than 0.02-0.04 ug/24 hours; Exposed - levels of 100 ug/l are indicative of recent exposure to at least 50 ug/cu m; Toxic - not established. /Uranium compounds, as U/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ No dermatitis problems relating to uranium itself have been found in a 2 1/2 yr study of a plant processing uranium ore to form uranium hexafluoride.

/CASE REPORTS/ A small cohort of Gulf War veterans involved in friendly fire incidents where DU shells (penetrators) were used is being followed prospectively to assess the health effects from inhalation, wound contamination, and systemic absorption of retained DU metal fragments. A group of 33 soldiers was first evaluated in 1993/1994 ... They had elevated concentrations of urinary uranium, and mean urine uranium excretion was significantly higher in soldiers with retained metal fragments compared to those without fragments (4.47 vs. 0.03 ug/g creatinine). No evidence of a relationship between urine uranium and abnormal renal function could be demonstrated. In a subsequent follow-up of the same cohort, 29 of the original 33 were examined in 1997 and their results compared to 38 non-DU exposed, but Gulf War deployed soldiers. The correlation between 1994 and 1997 24-hr urinary uranium determinations was highly significant (Rsq = 0.8623) and urine uranium was again correlated with the presence of retained DU fragments. Exposed soldiers (with and without fragments) had 24-hr urinary uranium results ranging from 0.01 to 30.74 ug/g creatinine, whereas the nonexposed group's results ranged from 0.01 to 0.047 ug/g creatinine. The persistence of elevated uranium excretion suggests ongoing mobilization from a storage depot and results in chronic systemic exposure. Again, no renal abnormalities were found but neurocognitive examinations demonstrated a statistical relationship between urine uranium levels and lowered performance on computerized tests assessing performance efficiency. Elevated urinary uranium was also statistically related to a high prolactin level (> 1.6 ng/mL; p = .04). Uranium was also detected in the semen of 5 of 17 exposed veterans, but in none of 5 nonexposed veterans ... These findings ... document elevated urinary uranium excretion and small, but measurable, biochemical effects on the neuroendocrine and central nervous systems 7 yr after first exposure. /Depleted uranium/

/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ ... a cohort of 18,869 white men ... had been employed between 1943 and 1947 at a uranium conversion and enrichment plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, and /were/ followed-up until 1974. Workers in certain departments (especially chemical workers) were exposed to high average air concentrations of uranium dust (up to 500 ug/cu m of air in 1945). In comparison with mortality rates for white men in the USA, the standard mortality ratios for various causes in the entire cohort were generally < 1.00. After correction for unascertained deaths and missing death certificates, the SMR for lung cancer was 1.22 (95% CI, 1.10-1.36). Adequate data on smoking habits were not available in this study. The SMRs for various causes, including lung cancer, did not tend to be higher among 8345 workers who were employed in areas where uranium dust was present or among 4008 of these 8345 workers who were employed for one year or longer at the plant. /Uranium dust/

Uranium, mixture of isotopes

Group 1: Carcinogenic to humans

Volume 78: (2001) Ionizing Radiation, Part 2: Some Internally Deposited Radionuclides

2012

2009

NB Uranium was listed as a Group 1 agent as a member of the family, Radionuclides, alpha-particle-emitting, internally deposited. There was limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of mixtures of uranium isotopes, with positive associations for lung cancer

(AZ) ARIZONA 30 ug/L /Uranium/

(ME) MAINE 20 ug/L /Uranium/