염화수은(II)

log Kow= 0.22

0.1

5.44 at 77 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

5.6 @ 20 °C

5.4 g/cm³

5.6 @25 °C

Colorless rhombic crystals or white powder

White crystal or powder

White orthombic crystals

5 to 10 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

6.9 g/100 cc water @ 20 °C

48 G/100 CC WATER @ 100 °C

33 G/100 CC ALCOHOL @ 25 °C

4 G/100 CC ETHER

For more Solubility (Complete) data for MERCURIC CHLORIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

576 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

302 °C

302 °C

304 °C @760 [mm Hg]

529 °F (EPA, 1998)

277 °C

276 °C

277 °C

1 mmHg at 277.16 °F (EPA, 1998)

1 MM HG @ 136.2 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 0.1

Danger

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]；H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]；H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]；H361f ***: Suspected of damaging fertility [Warning Reproductive toxicity]；H372 **: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]；H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]；H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P363, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

Chemical: Mercury chloride (HgCl2)

Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 (amended)

Mercury (II) chloride: HSNO Approval: HSR004545 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Material may explode on heating, with friction, or contact with alkali metals, sulfides, acetylene, ammonia, and oxalic acid. Upon decomposition highly toxic chloride and mercury fumes are emitted. Avoid formates, sulfites, hypophosphites, phosphates, sulfides, albumin, gelatin, alkalies, alkaloid salts, ammonia, lime water, antimony, arsenic, bromides, borax, carbonates, reduced iron, copper, iron, lead, silver salts, infusions of cinchona, columbo, oak bark or senna, and tannic acid. Mercuric chloride may explode with friction or application of heat. Mixtures of mercuric chloride and sodium or potassium are shock sensitive and will explode on impact. Avoid contact with acids or acid fumes. (EPA, 1998)

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.；· Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).；· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.；· Containers may explode when heated.；· For electric vehicles or equipment, GUIDE 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or GUIDE 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted.

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

It is classified as extremely toxic. All forms of mercury are poisonous if absorbed. Probable oral lethal dose is 5-50 mg/kg; between 7 drops and 1 teaspoonful for a 150 lb. person. Mercuric chloride is one of the most toxic salts of mercury. Material attacks the gastrointestinal tract and renal systems. (EPA, 1998)

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.；· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.；· Avoid any skin contact.；· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.；· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

Corrosive to skin; [Quick CPC] Highly toxic by ingestion; Lethal dose for inorganic mercury salts is about 1 gram; A skin and eye irritant; [CHEMINFO MSDS] May cause skin sensitization; [ICSC] See Mercury, inorganic compounds and the linked diseases.

D009; A solid waste containing mercury may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Mercury/

Move container from fire area. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full body protective clothing.；Some of these materials may burn but none of them ignite readily. Extinguish with water spray, fog, foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. (EPA, 1998)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower for at least 15 minutes. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.；· Keep unauthorized personnel away.；· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.；· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.；· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.；· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.；· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.；· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.；· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Mercuric Chloride Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to mercuric chloride may be severe and include increased salivation, foul breath, inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes, abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea. Dermal exposure may result in dermatitis (red, inflamed skin) and burns. Oliguria (scanty urination), anuria (suppression of urine formation), and acute renal failure may be noted. Weak pulse, seizures, psychic disturbances, circulatory collapse, chest pain, and dyspnea (shortness of breath) may be observed.；Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to mercuric chloride may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.；Inhalation Exposure:；1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to mercuric chloride.；2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.；3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.；4. RUSH to a health care facility.；Dermal/Eye Exposure:；1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to mercuric chloride.；2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.；3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.；4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.；5. Wash exposed skin areas for 15 minutes with soap and water.；6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.；7. RUSH to a health care facility.；Ingestion Exposure:；1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.；2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.；3. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert.；4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

General First Aid:；· Call 911 or emergency medical service.；· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.；· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.；· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.；· If victim is not breathing:；-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.；-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).；-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.；· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.；· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.；· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.；· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.；· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.；· Keep victim calm and warm.；· Keep victim under observation.；· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.；· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.；Specific First Aid:；· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).；· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.；· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.02 [mg/m3], as Hg, inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty). Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Mercury spills should be cleaned up immediately by use of a special vacuum cleaner. Then the area should be washed with a dilute calcium sulfide solution. Small quantities of mercury can be picked up by mixing with copper metal granules. ... /Mercury/

Mercury removal from waste water can be accomplished by these processes: BMS process; Chlorine is added to the waste water, oxidizing any mercury present to the ionic state. The BMS adsorbent (an activated carbon concentrate of sulfur cmpd on its surface) is used to collect ionic mercury. The spent adsorbent is then distilled to recover the mercury, leaving a carbon residue for reuse or disposal. TMR IMAC Process; Waste water is fed into a reactor, whereby a slight excess of chlorine is maintained, oxidizing any mercury present to ionic mercury. The liquid is then passed through the TMR IMAC ion-exchange resin where mercury ions are adsorbed. The mercury is then stripped from the spent resin with hydrochloric acid solution. /Mercury cmpds/

SPILLED MERCURY CMPD OR SOLN CAN BE CLEANED UP BY ANY METHOD THAT DOES NOT CAUSE EXCESSIVE AIRBORNE CONTAMINATION OR SKIN CONTACT. /MERCURY COMPOUNDS/

1) Ventilate area of spill. 2) Collect spilled material for reclamation using commercially available mercury vapor depressants or specialized vacuum cleaners. /Inorganic mercury/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:；ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Recycling: Dissolve in water after converting soluble nitrate if the cmpd is not water-soluble. Adjust the pH and precipitate mercury as mercury sulfide. Wash and dry the precipitate and return to the suppliers. Recommendable methods: Solidification & landfill. Not recommendable methods: Thermal destruction, discharge to sewer, evaporation.

Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

Preventative measure: adequate ventilation; careful attention to good housekeeping, e.g., avoidance of spills, and prompt and proper cleaning if a spill occurs; all containers of mercury and its compounds should be kept tightly closed; should be washed on a regular basis with dilute calcium sulfide solution or other suitable reactant; floors should be nonporous; all workers directly involved in the plant operation should shower thoroughly each day before leaving. /Mercury compounds/

EXPLANTS OF RAT CEREBRUM IN CULTURE WERE TREATED WITH TOXIC CONCN OF HGCL2 AND VARYING CONCN OF SODIUM SELENITE, RESULTING IN REDUCED NEUROTOXICITY OF HGCL2.

TOXICITIES OF COMBINATIONS OF PENTACHLORONITROBENZENE WITH MERCURIC CHLORIDE AND HEXACHLOROBENZENE WITH MERCURIC CHLORIDE ADMIN ORALLY TO RATS WAS HIGHER THAN THE SUM OF THE TOXICITIES PRODUCED BY THE INDIVIDUAL DOSES.

ALPHA-MERCAPTO-BETA-(2-FURYL)ACRYLIC ACID (MFA) SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED LETHALITY OF MERCURIC CHLORIDE IN RATS (2.2 MG HG/KG, IP) WHEN ADMIN (25 MG/KG, ORALLY) AT 1, 24, 48 & 72 HR. DAILY ADMIN OF MFA (25 MG/KG, ORALLY) REDUCED LETHALITY OF DAILY INJECTION OF INCR AMT OF MERCURIC CHLORIDE (1 MG HG/KG X 7 DAYS, 2 MG HG/KG X 7 DAYS, 4 MG HG/KG X 14 DAYS, IP). MERCURY CONCN IN KIDNEYS OF MFA-TREATED RATS WAS HIGHER THAN IN CONTROLS, WHEREAS CONCN IN LIVER WAS (NONSIGNIFICANTLY) LOWER. ENHANCED MERCURY DEPOSITION IN KIDNEY AS MANIFESTATION OF ANTIDOTAL EFFECT IS NOT CHARACTERISTIC OF THIOL CHELATORS USED IN PRACTICE FOR MERCURY POISONING.

IN ANIMALS INJECTED WITH 31 MG/KG BODY WT DITHIOTHREITOL 60 MIN AFTER 3 MG/KG MERCURIC CHLORIDE INJECTION, URINE FLOW RATE & FRACTIONAL EXCRETION OF SOLUTES WERE REDUCED WITHIN 30 MIN TO VALUES INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN CONTROL & MERCURIC CHLORIDE-TREATED RATS. INJECTION OF MERCURIC CHLORIDE ALONE OR FOLLOWED BY DITHIOTHREITOL RESULTED IN CHANGES IN MEAN ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE OR GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE. THERE WERE NO ALTERATIONS IN MERCURY DISTRIBUTION IN ORGANS OF RATS INJECTED WITH MERCURIC CHLORIDE ALONE OR PRIOR TO DITHIOTHREITOL. THESE STUDIES DEMONSTRATE THAT DITHIOTHREITOL CAN AMELIORATE RENAL TOXICITY OF MERCURY & SUGGEST THAT THIS EFFECT IS MEDIATED THROUGH INTRARENAL SITE OF ACTION.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for MERCURIC CHLORIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Mercury mainly affects the nervous system. Exposure to high levels of metallic, inorganic, or organic mercury can permanently damage the brain, kidneys, and developing fetus. Effects on brain functioning may result in irritability, shyness, tremors, changes in vision or hearing, and memory problems. Acrodynia, a type of mercury poisoning in children, is characterized by pain and pink discoloration of the hands and feet. Mercury poisoning can also cause Hunter-Russell syndrome and Minamata disease. (L7)

LC50 PHASIANUS COLCHICHUS (RING-NECKED PHEASANTS) ORAL 3790 PPM (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 2768-5541 PPM)

LC50 ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS (MALLARDS) ORAL MORE THAN 5000 PPM (NO MORTALITY TO 5000 PPM)

TLm Carassius auratus (goldfish) 0.82 ppm/7 days (fresh water) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

TLm Penaeus duorarum (pink shrimp) 0.075 ppm/48 hr (salt water) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for MERCURIC CHLORIDE (37 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Mercury adsorbed from mercuric chloride and 2-methoxy-ethylmercury chloride (Aretan) solutions by three contrasting soils showed a dependence on soil:solution ratio and initial mercury (Hg) concentration in soil solution. Changing the soil solution ratio from 1:10 to 1:100 but keeping the intitial concentration constant resulted in an increase in initial concentration on other hand, resulted in decrease in Hg adsorption. Upon manipulating of the pH of the surface soils, adsorption of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) at 100 mg Hg/l concentration increased from about 70 to over 95 mg Hg/kg when pH was raised from 5.0 to 8.0. Precipitation of Hg may also have contributed to this trend. Removal of organic matter from soil resulted in large reductions of Hg adsorbed, as much as 95% from the HgC12 solutions.

Neurotoxin - Sensorimotor；Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.；Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.；Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

Oral (L7) ; inhalation (L7) ; dermal (L7)

High-affinity binding of the divalent mercuric ion to thiol or sulfhydryl groups of proteins is believed to be the major mechanism for the activity of mercury. Through alterations in intracellular thiol status, mercury can promote oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and changes in heme metabolism. Mercury is known to bind to microsomal and mitochondrial enzymes, resulting in cell injury and death. For example, mercury is known to inhibit aquaporins, halting water flow across the cell membrane. It also inhibits the protein LCK, which causes decreased T-cell signalling and immune system depression. Mercury is also believed to inhibit neuronal excitability by acting on the postsynaptic neuronal membrane. It also affects the nervous system by inhibiting protein kinase C and alkaline phosphatase, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Mercury also produces an autoimmune response, likely by modification of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, self peptides, T-cell receptors, or cell-surface adhesion molecules. (L7, A8, A25, A26)

The accumulation of mercury in plants increases with increasing soil mercury concn. Soil type has a considerable influence on this process with a high organic matter content decreasing the uptake(1). Generally, the highest concns of mercury are found at the roots, but translocation to other organs (e.g. leaves) occurs(1). In contrast to higher plants, mosses take up mercury via the atmosphere(1). In one study, 8 types of food were grown on soil amended with 4 or 20 mg/kg of mercuric chloride and later analyzed for uptake(1). Higher concns were found in the roots compared to the above-ground samples. At the highest treatment level, the mercury content of the roots ranged from 0.387 mg/kg for lettuce to 2.447 mg/kg for cauliflower(1). Spinach and radish tubers contained the highest concns of mercury(0.695 and 0.663 mg/kg respectively) in their edible portions.

Cough. Sore throat.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Blisters. Skin burns.

Pain. Redness. Severe deep burns.

Metallic taste. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Nausea. Abdominal pain. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Shock or collapse.

Common symptoms include peripheral neuropathy (presenting as paresthesia or itching, burning or pain), skin discoloration (pink cheeks, fingertips and toes), edema (swelling), and desquamation (dead skin peels off in layers). (A5)

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=7487-94-7]

Chemical: Mercury chloride (HgCl2)

Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 (amended)

Mercury (II) chloride: HSNO Approval: HSR004545 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

D009; A solid waste containing mercury may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Mercury/

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Mercuric chloride is included on this list.

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Mercuric chloride is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500/10,000 lbs.

D - Dermatologicals；D08 - Antiseptics and disinfectants；D08A - Antiseptics and disinfectants；D08AK - Mercurial products；D08AK03 - Mercuric chloride

QD - Dermatologicals；QD08 - Antiseptics and disinfectants；QD08A - Antiseptics and disinfectants；QD08AK - Mercurial products；QD08AK03 - Mercuric chloride

Unilateral nephrectomy induces a dramatic change in single-kidney structure and function. Therefore, the effects of nephrotoxins may be altered. To evaluate this possibility, mercuric chloride (2 mg/kg, subcutaneous was given to male, Sprague-Dawley rats 2 days following either unilateral nephrectomy or sham surgery. Nonoliguric acute renal failure developed and was qualitatively similar in both groups. Glomerular filtration rate reached a nadir on day 2 and was reduced to a greater extent in the unilateral nephrectomy group. Furthermore, recovery of glomerular filtration was slower and occurred to lesser extent by day 10 in the animals subjected to unilateral nephrectomy. Evidence of significant tubular dysfunction was present during the acute phase in both groups, as reflected by changes in the fractional excretion of sodium or lysozyme. Persistent tubular dysfunction was noted on day 10 in both the sham and unilateral nephrectomy groups, but the degree of dysfunction was greater in the unilateral nephrectomy animals. The in vitro uptake of organic ions by renal cortical slices was reduced 24 hr following the injection of mercuric chloride although no difference was seen between the experimental groups. Merury content within renal cortex was not increased in the unilateral nephrectomy group at 1 or 3 hr but was higher 24 hr postinjection. Total urinary mercury excretion during the first day was not altered by unilateral nephrectomy although single-kidney excretion was increased dramatically.

Six day old rats were treated subcutaneously with the proximal tubule toxicant mercuric chloride (1 or 3.2 mg/kg) or saline. Twenty four hours later, when evidence of mercury nephrotoxicity is detectable, creatinine clearance, and the fractonal excretion of water and various components of the filtrate were determined using a 2 hr clearance priod immediately after injection of a diuretic. The effects of mercury (3.2 mg/kg) were consistent with its ability to cause acute renal failure and proximal tubular necrosis and also indicated an apparent disruption of the cycling of urea in the nephron. A decrease in the fractional excretion of water, combined sodium and potassium and total osmotic solutes indicated that the diuretic response tho acetazolamide was markedly attenuated in the mercuric chloride-treated pups whereas the responses to furosemide, chlorothiazide and amiloride were not altered by mercury treatment.

Cultures of some aerobically grown strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli contain up to 24 uM extracellular glutathione ... in addition to having intracellular glutathione concentrations in the millimolar range. The addition of 26 uM glutathione to cultures of S typhimurium strain TA1534 partially protected the bacteria from the toxic effects causing growth delay by 54 uM N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. ... The addition of micromolar glutathione to cultures of an Escherichia coli glutathione strain protected the cells from growth inhibition by micromolar concentrations of mercuric chloride, methyl mercuric chloride, silver nitrate, cisplatin, cadmium chloride, cadmium sulfate, and iodoacetamide. In the cases of mercuric chloride, cisplatin, N-methyl-N'nitro-nitorsoguanidine, silver nitrate, and iodoacetamide, reaction products with glutathione were detected by paper chromatography.

As manifest by tubular collapse and the virtual absence of flow into the glomerulotubular junction, filtration in most nephrons (SNGFR) of rats poisoned with 9 mg/kg body wt mercuric chloride 16 to 28 hours earlier was virtually absent. Arterial colloid osmotic pressure and Bowman's space pressure were modestly depressed (p < 0.05) and mean blood pressure was reduced from 115 +/- mm mercury (SEM) to 97 +/- 1 mm mercury (p < 0.001). Glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure (Pg), 25.6 +/- 1.3 mm mercury was some 24 mm mercury lower than control (p < 0.001) and yielded a net afferent effective filtration pressure (Pnet) of 4.1 +/- 1.2 mm mercury. Excluding three rats with values greater than 10 mm mercury net afferent effective filtration pressure averaged 2.0 +/- 0.9 mm mercury (n= 7 rats) versus 20.0 +/- 1.8 mm mercury in controls (n= 10, p < 0.001), the former being statistically almost indistinguishable from 0 mm mercury and barely able to support any filtration. This decrease in Hg was caused by a major increase in preglomerular resistance and a reciprocal fall in efferent arteriolar resistance, the preglomerular resistance/efferent arteriolar resistance ratio of 7.2 +/- 0.8 being four fold higher than control (p < 0.001). Renocortical blood flow was not different from control (p > 0.2).

For more Mechanism of Action (Complete) data for MERCURIC CHLORIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

STUDIES INDICATED THAT LIVERS OF YELLOWFIN TUNA AND ALBACORE HAVE HIGH ACTIVITY IN FORMATION OF METHYLMERCURY FROM HGCL2. THIS ACTIVITY ... NOT FOUND IN THE MEAT. WHEN LIVER-HGCL2 MIXTURES WERE EXPOSED TO VISIBLE LIGHT DURING INCUBATION, FORMATION OF METHYL MERCURY WAS REDUCED BY ABOUT 75%.

Mercury is absorbed mainly via ingestion and inhalation, then distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream, where a portion binds to sulfhydryl groups on haemoglobin. Mercury can undergo oxidation to mercuric mercury, which takes place via the catalase-hydrogen peroxide pathway. The mercury atom is able to diffuse down the cleft in the catalase enzyme to reach the active site where the heme ring is located. Oxidation most likely occurs in all tissue, as the catalase hydrogen peroxide pathway is ubiquitous. Following oxidation, mercury tends to accumulate in the kidneys. Mercury is excreted mainly by exhalation and in the faeces. (A6, L7)

Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects.

Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley&apos;s Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE LOCALIZATION OF HG FROM HGCL2 ... FOLLOWING SC ADMIN IN RABBIT SHOWED HG TO ACCUMULATE IN ... COLLECTING TUBULES, THE DISTAL PORTIONS OF PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES & THE WIDE PARTS OF HENLE'S LOOP. NO HG ... IN GLOMERULI ...

KINETIC STUDIES OF MERCURIC CHLORIDE INDICATED THAT MERCURY WAS CONTAINED IN 3 COMPARTMENTS OF SHORT, MEDIUM & LONG RETENTION TIME WITHIN RAT. KIDNEYS WERE LARGEST COMPARTMENT FOR MERCURY & KIDNEY RETENTION PROBABLY ACCOUNTED FOR LONG-TERM COMPARTMENT.

WHEN GOAT WAS GIVEN (203)HGCL2, LESS THAN 30% OF DOSE WAS ABSORBED. EXCRETION OF (203)HG IN MILK ACCOUNTED FOR 0.22% OF DOSE.

DATA ... INDICATE THAT LESS THAN 10% OF INGESTED MERCURIC CHLORIDE IS ABSORBED. UPON HIGH INTAKE CORROSIVE ACTION ... MAY ALTER PERMEABILITY OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ENHANCING ABSORPTION.

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for MERCURIC CHLORIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, veterinarian medication, and dry battery electrolyte; Used to stain and preserve wood, embalm tissues, develop photos, print fabrics, tan leather, treat furs, electroplate aluminum, etch steel, and separate gold from lead; Used in the past as an insecticide/fungicide and a catalyst to produce vinyl chloride; [HSDB] Used in photography (platinum toner and intensifier); [www.ci.tucson.az.us/arthazards/medium.html]

Aluminum Producing [Category: Industry]；Steel Producing [Category: Industry]；Metal Preparation and Pouring [Category: Foundry]；Electroplating [Category: Plate]；Battery Manufacturing [Category: Industry]；Applying Wood Preservatives [Category: Other]；Using Disinfectants or Biocides [Category: Clean]；Leather Tanning and Processing [Category: Industry]；Photographic Processing [Category: Other]；Fur Dressing and Dyeing [Category: Industry]；Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing) [Category: Industry]

For Mercuric Chloride (USEPA/OPP PC Code: 052001) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S./

Preserving wood and anatomical specimens; embalming; browning and etching steel and iron; intensifier in photography; white reserve in fabric printing; tanning leather; depolarizer for dry batteries; electroplating aluminum; mordant for rabbit and beaver furs; mfr ink for mercurography; reagent in analytical chemistry; mfr of other Hg compounds; for freeing gold from lead; in magic photograms; staining wood and vegetable ivory pink; medication: topical antiseptic, disinfectant; medications (vet): caustic, antiseptic, disinfectant

SOLUTIONS USED AS DIP FOR BULBS & TUBERS, INCLUDING SEED POTATOES, ON GREENHOUSE BEDS FOR EARTHWORM CONTROL, & ON FIRE BLIGHT CANKERS OF QUINCE TREES. ALSO USED AS REPELLENT TO ANTS, ROACHES, & TERMITES.

Dry battery cases

(1977) 5.06X10+5 G

(1982) 8.18X10+6 G

Mercury is oxidized with chlorine in heated retorts; the reaction is carried out with the appearance of flame at >300 °C. The escaping sublimate vapor is condensed in cooled receivers, where it settles as fine crystals.

Mercury chloride can also be prepared from other compounds. Mercury(II) sulfate is heated in the dry state with sodium chloride, and the evolving mercury(II) chloride vapor is condensed to a solid in a receiver. A warm sublimate solution is obtained from the reaction of mercury(ii) oxide and a stoichiometric amount of hydrochloric acid; the chloride separates as crystals on cooling.

BLENDED WITH CALOMEL AS TURF FUNGICIDE (AS IN CALO-CLOR, CALOCURE, FUNGCHEX).

... WETTABLE POWDER (MIXTURE WITH MERCUROUS CHLORIDE); DUST (MIXTURE WITH MERCUROUS CHLORIDE & MALACHITE GREEN).

Technical; crystals; granular; powder; CP; NF

Grade or Purity: Reagent; Analytical

Mercury chloride (HgCl2): ACTIVE

Method of purification: recrystallization and sublimation

The development of mercurial fungicides was an outgrowth of the usefulness of mercuric chloride as a bactericide. Mercuric chloride was 1st tested as a seed treatment on cereals ... in 1915 ... /which/ paved the way for the concept of protective seed dressings ... However, the very poisonous nature of mercuric chloride prevented its widespread use until /the introduction of/ ... an organic mercurial, "chlorphenol mercury" in 1915, for use as a liquid seed disinfectant. From that time on, a succession of organic mercurials of varying chemical structures have been marketed ... /About 1930/ slurry treatments became popular with the introduction ... of a new type of organic mercurial, represented by methoxyethylmercury chloride, developed for use as a slurry treatment or its corresponding silicate used as a dry seed treatment.