Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate

Plastics -> Flame retardants

Plastics -> N.a.

Odorless

Faint acid

1.80 g/cu cm

1.803 @25 °C

White, tetrahedral crystals

Brilliant white crystals or powder

Slightly soluble in ethanol; insoluble in acetone

40.4 g/100 g water at 25 °C

1 g dissolves in about 2.5 mL water; slightly soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in acetone

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 85.8% (994 of 1158) of all reports.

Warning

H319 (12.1%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P264+P265, P280, P305+P351+P338, and P337+P317 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1158 reports by companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Chemical: Phosphoric acid, ammonium salt (1:1)

Phosphoric acid, ammonium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Phosphoric acid, ammonium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 11-04-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15548

Monoammonium phosphate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).

Ammonium phosphate (mono-, and dibasic) used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Residues of monoammonium phosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: Postharvest fumigation in formulation with aluminum phosphide. Limit: No more than 3.75% by weight in formulation.

A self-propagating reaction can occur when either sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate-based dry chemical extinguishing agent is mixed with monoammonium phosphate dry chemical extinguishing agent. Moisture will accelerate the reaction. Products are water, ammonia, carbon dioxide and various solid substances. In a fire extinguisher the pressure developed will blow out the valve.

An explosive reaction occurred when monoammonium phosphate was used to extinguish a sodium fire. No reactions were experienced when sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate was used in a sodium fire.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Residues of monoammonium phosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: Postharvest fumigation in formulation with aluminum phosphide. Limit: No more than 3.75% by weight in formulation.

17 [mg/m3]

190 [mg/m3]

1100 [mg/m3]

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute ... eye contact with concentrated alkali causes conjunctival edema and corneal destruction. Alkalies penetrate skin slowly. Extent of damage therefore depends on duration of contact. Chronic poisoning (from skin contact). Chronic dermatitis may follow repeated contact ... /Alkalies and Phosphates/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ... With large doses of ... ammonium /salts/, there arises the possibility of sufficient absorption to produce diuresis and systemic ammonia poisoning, particularly if material is administered parenterally. /Ammonium Salts/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/... It has been shown that solutions containing 0.1 molar ... ammonium phosphate ... at pH 7-7.5 made up to 0.46 osmolar (1.5 times isotonic concentration) by addition of sodium chloride or sucrose and dripped continuously on eyes of rabbits caused edema of epithelium of the cornea within 3-3.5 hr. /Ammonium Phosphate/

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ammonia and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for signs of pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mg/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. /Ammonia and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ammonium and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Phosphorus and related compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for AMMONIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

48.6

PPRTV Archive

0.09

PPRTV Current

FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives ... recommended ... /levels/ for total dietary phosphorus ... unconditional acceptance level /of less than 30 mg/kg body wt/ is considered safe in any type of diet ... conditional acceptance level /of 30-70 mg/kg body wt/ is acceptable only when dietary calcium level is high. /Phosphates/

LD50 Rabbit dermal >7940 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rat oral 5750 mg/kg bw

Monoammonium phosphate

9 x 10^-2 mg/kg-day

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

2021

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).

Ammonium phosphate (mono-, and dibasic) used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Residues of monoammonium phosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: Postharvest fumigation in formulation with aluminum phosphide. Limit: No more than 3.75% by weight in formulation.

Substances or mixtures that are added to the soil to supply nutrients or to make available nutrients already present in the soil, in order to increase plant growth and productivity.

Substances used in the processing or storage of foods or animal feed including ANTIOXIDANTS; FOOD PRESERVATIVES; FOOD COLORING AGENTS; FLAVORING AGENTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; EXCIPIENTS and other similarly used substances. Many of the same substances are used as PHARMACEUTIC AIDS.

/Ortho/ phosphate is absorbed from, and to a limited extent secreted into, the gastrointestinal tract. Transport of phosphate from the gut lumen is an active, energy-dependent process that is modified by several factors. ... Vitamin D stimulates phosphate absorption, an effect reported to precede its action on calcium ion transport. In adults, about two thirds of the ingested phosphate is absorbed, and that which is absorbed is almost entirely excreted into the urine. In growing children, phosphate balance is positive. Concentrations of phosphate in plasma are higher in children than in adults. This "hyperphosphatemia" decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen and is hypothesized to explain the physiological "anemia" of childhood. /Phosphates/

Used in fertilizer, matches, baking powder, and fireproofing of paper and wood products; [HSDB]

Pulp and Paper Processing [Category: Industry]

As baking powder with sodium bicarbonate; in fermentations (yeast cultures, etc.); fireproofing of paper, wood, fiberboard, etc.

Fertilizer; to prevent afterglow in matches; plant nutrient soln; manufacture of bread improvers ... analytical chemistry

A common fire-extinguishing ingredient in ABC-type dry-powder extinguishers ... Used as flame retardants for cellulosic materials, including plywood, papers, and fabrics, to prevent afterglow in and to control forest fires /Ammonium phosphates/

Pure ... is used as /a/ fertilizer in irrigated greenhouses (completely water-soluble)

2023: 10,000,000,000 - <15,000,000,000 lb

Ammonium phosphates. Demand: 1985-1986 (Fertilizer year): 10.07 million tons; 1986-1987 /projected/: 10.32 million tons; 1990-1991 /projected/: 12.1 million tons. /Ammonium phosphates/

Ammonium phosphates. 100% fertilizers: diammonium phosphate 85%; monoammonium phosphates 15%. Exports account for 50% of total ammonium phosphates production. /Ammonium phosphates/

Ammonium phosphates. Demand: 1988-1989 (fertilizer year): 15.25 million tons; 1989-1990 /projected/: 15.55 million tons; 1993-1994 /projected/: 17.0 million tons. (Includes exports, but not imports, which are negligible.) /Ammonium phosphates/

Production (year) in thousands of tons: (1987) 1,679; (1988) 1,818; (1989) 1,862; (1990) 2,252; (1991) 2,227; (1992) 2,342; (1993) 2,693; (1994) 2,869; (1995) 2,715; (1996) 3,332; (1997) 3,286.

For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for AMMONIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Ammonium Phosphates. 100% fertilizers: diammonium phosphate 87% (49% domestic, 51% export); monoammonium phosphate 13% (60% domestic, 40% export). /Ammonium phosphates/

Fertilizer, 98% (DAP, 70%; MAP 23%, other solid ammonium phosphates, 5%); industrial uses, 1.5%; animal feed, 0.5%. /Ammonium phosphates/

Monoammonium phosphate ... is produced by reaction of anhydrous ammonia and phosphoric acid in batch or continuous reactors and crystallized in conventional crystallizers because the partial pressure of ammonia over this acidic solution is relatively low. Crystals are centrifuged and dried below 100 °C in a rotary dryer, and mother liquor is returned to the reactor.

Ammonium monophosphates are produced by neutralization of phosphoric acid with ammonia. Crude or partially purified wet phosphoric acid is mostly used for fertilizer applications. However, pure thermal phosphoric acid is used preferentially for the production of commercial ammonium phosphates with an assay >99 %. /Ammonium phosphates/

By pumping dried ammonia gas into an 80% solution of phosphoric acid. Product composition is controlled by maintaining the pH at 3.8 to 4.5. When the mixture is cooled, crystals of monoammonium phosphate precipitate.

Grades: Technical; CP /chemically pure: a grade designation signifying a minimum of impurities, but not 100% purity/; FCC /Food Chemicals Codex/; single crystals.

Granular product, made with wet-process acid, has a grade of about 10-53-0. Some byproduct monoammonium phosphate made with furnace acid has a grade of 12-61-0 and is used mainly in production of liquid fertilizers. Nongranular (powder) monoammonium phosphate is used in formulations for granular NP and NPK fertilizers, which it can react with additional ammonia and aid granulation.

Fertilizer grade, min 13% N, 52% P.

... Granular and nongranular (powder) forms.

Phosphoric acid is infinitely miscible with water. It is commercially available in three standard concentrations: 75% H3PO4 with 54.3% P2O5, mp -20 °C; 80% H3PO4 with 58.0% P2O5, mp 0 °C; 85% H3PO4 with 61.6% P2O5, mp +21 °C.

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; FLOUR_TREATMENT_AGENT; LEAVENING_AGENT; RAISING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; FLOUR_TREATMENT_AGENT; LEAVENING_AGENT; RAISING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; FLOUR_TREATMENT_AGENT; LEAVENING_AGENT; RAISING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; FLOUR_TREATMENT_AGENT; LEAVENING_AGENT; RAISING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; FLOUR_TREATMENT_AGENT; LEAVENING_AGENT; RAISING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Cosmetics -> Buffering; Oral care

Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

Phosphoric acid, ammonium salt (1:1): ACTIVE

Produced in large scale as fertilizer

Pure monoammonium phosphate has a grade 12.1-61.7-0 (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium), but is never made for fertilizer use. Made from wet-process acid, the grade for fertilizer use is typically 10-54-0 to 11-52-0, but may be as low as 10-50-0, depending on the impurity level of the starting acid.

Granular MAP can be produced in a plant similar to that used for diammonium phosphate with little process modification.

The thermal route (for making phosphoric acid starting material) results in a food-grade acid of high purity and is too expensive for fertilizer production. Essentially all the acid used in fertilizer production is made by wet processes.