Barium Sulfate

HCID 24414CAS 13462-86-7

기본 정보

표준 SMILES
O=S(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ba+2]
InChIKey
TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
분자식
BaSO4
평균 분자량
233.39 g/mol
단동위원소 질량
233.85697668

개요

Barium sulfate appears as white or yellowish odorless powder or small crystals. Mp: 1580 °C (with decomposition). Density: 4.25 -4.5 g cm-3. Insoluble in water, dilute acids, alcohol. Soluble in hot concentrated sulfuric acid. Used as a weighting mud in oil-drilling, in paints, paper coatings, linoleum, textiles, rubber. Administered internally ("barium cocktail") as a radio-opaque diagnostic aid.

이름 및 식별자

우선 이름
Barium Sulfate
IUPAC
barium(2+) sulfate

이름 및 동의어

BARIUM SULFATE7727-43-7BaritopBarium sulphateBarosperseBarotrastEsophotrastLiquipakeMacropaqueMicropaqueMicrotrastRadiobaryt
이름 더 보기
RadiopaqueEntroBarEneMarkEneCatBlanc fixeEnamel WhiteReadi-CATActybaryte

데이터베이스 식별자

CAS
13462-86-7、7727-43-7
PubChem CID
24414
DTXSID
DTXSID0050471
ChEMBL
CHEMBL2105897
ChEBI
CHEBI:133326
UNII
25BB7EKE2E
EC Number
231-784-4、236-664-5、643-039-4
Nikkaji
J2.268C

물성

구조 계산 물성

극성 표면적
88.6 Ų
수소 결합 공여자 수
0
수소 결합 수용자 수
4
회전 가능 결합 수
0
무거운 원자 수
6

실험 및 물리화학적 성질

Chemical ClassesMetals -> Metals, Inorganic Compounds
Polymers · 2건

Plastics -> Pigments agents

Plastics -> Polyolefin-I; PUR; Polyolefin-II; PVC (soft); ABS; PVC (rigid); PET; PMMA; PA; PC; (E)PS

Cosmetics · 2건

Cosmetic ingredients (Barium Sulfate) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Cosmetic colorant; Opacifying

pH5% suspension in water is neutral to litmus paper
OdorOdorless
TasteTasteless

안전 및 규제

GHS 분류

GHS Classification · 6건

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 91% (1648 of 1811) of all reports.

Not Classified

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1811 reports by companies from 18 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 83.4% (276 of 331) of all reports.

Warning

H302 (16.6%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

유해성 정보

Regulatory Information · 6건

Chemical: Sulfuric acid, barium salt (1:1)

Chemical: Barite (Ba(SO4))

Sulfuric acid, barium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Sulfuric acid, barium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Barite (Ba(SO4)) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Barite (Ba(SO4)) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 01-12-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15235

Barytes: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Other Safety Information · 2건

IMAP assessments - Barite (Ba(SO4)): Human health tier I assessment

IMAP assessments - Sulfuric acid, barium salt (1:1): Human health tier I assessment

DOT LabelPoison
Fire Hazards · 2건

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Fire PotentialNot combustible.
Health HazardsExcerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Barium sulfate:

안전 및 보호

Fire Fighting · 2건

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

First Aid Measures · 4건

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

First Aid · 2건

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Barium sulfate:

(General first aid procedures)

Exposure Control and Personal Protection · 2건

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

4.0 [mg/m3] (inhalable fraction), 0.3 mg/m3 (respirable fraction)[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

Fire Fighting Procedures · 3건

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol foam extinguishers ... If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position ... The only respirators recommended for fire fighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full facepieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Barium compounds, NOS/

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. /Barium compounds NOS/

Storage Conditions · 2건

Store at 25 °C (77 °F); excursions permitted to 15 to 30 °C (59 to 86 °F)

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from incompatible materials ... A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored ...

독성 정보

TreatmentIntravenous infusion of potassium often relieves many of the symptoms of barium toxicity. (L214)
Target OrgansEyes, respiratory system
Health Effects · 1건

The health effects of the different barium compounds depend on how well the compound dissolves in water or the stomach contents. At low doses, barium acts as a muscle stimulant, while higher doses affect the nervous system, causing cardiac irregularities, tremors, weakness, anxiety, dyspnea, paralysisand possibly death. Barium may also cause gastrointestinal disturbances, damage the kidneys and cause decreases in body weight. (L214)

Ecotoxicity Values · 2건

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea); Conditions: freshwater, static, 11.5-14.5 °C, pH 7.2-7.8, dissolved oxygen 5.2-6.5 mg/L; Concentration: 52820 ug/L (43200-68140 ug/L) for 24 hr; Effect: intoxicaiton, immobilization

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea); Conditions: freshwater, static, 11.5-14.5 °C, pH 7.2-7.8, dissolved oxygen 5.2-6.5 mg/L; Concentration: 32000 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: intoxicaiton, immobilization

Exposure Routes · 3건

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol.

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L214) ; inhalation (L214)

Toxicity Summary · 4건

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that barium sulfate is safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics, when formulated to be non-irritating.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

IDENTIFICATION: In nature barium occurs in a combined state, the principal forms being barite (barium sulfate) and witherite (barium carbonate). Barium sulfate has a very low water solubility. Barite ore is the raw material from which nearly all other barium compounds are derived. Barium and its compounds are used in diverse industrial products ranging from ceramics to lubricants. It is used in the manufacture of alloys, as a loader for paper, soap, rubber and linoleum, in the manufacture of valves and as an extinguisher for radium, uranium and plutonium fires. Anthropogenic sources of barium are primarily industrial. Emissions may result from mining, refining or processing barium minerals and the manufacture of barium products. Mining and processing of barite ore releases particulates into the air and from fugitive dusts from the use of barite in oil drilling and oil related industries. HUMAN EXPOSURE: It is difficult to assess the uptake of ingested barium because of a number of factors affect absorption. The presence of sulfate in food results in the precipitation of barium sulfate. ANIMAL/PLANT STUDIES: Insoluble barium compounds such as barium sulfate, accumulate in the lungs and are cleared slowly ciliary action.

Barium is a competitive potassium channel antagonist that blocks the passive efflux of intracellular potassium, resulting in a shift of potassium from extracellular to intracellular compartments. The intracellular translocation of potassium results in a decreased resting membrane potential, making the muscle fibers electrically unexcitable and causing paralysis. Some of these barium's effects may also be due to barium induced neuromuscular blockade and membrane depolarization. (L214)

규제 정보

FDA RequirementsBarium sulfate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.
RCRA Requirements · 1건

D005; A solid waste containing barium may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Barium/

FIFRA Requirements · 2건

Residues of barium sulfate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only. Use: carrier.

Residues of barium sulfate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals. Use: carrier, density control agent.

CERCLA Reportable Quantities · 1건

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /Barium/

State Drinking Water Standards(CA) CALIFORNIA 1000 ug/L /Barium/
State Drinking Water Guidelines · 3건

(AZ) ARIZONA 1500 ug/L /Barium/

(ME) MAINE 1500 ug/L /Barium/

(MN) MINNESOTA 2000 ug/L /Barium/

화학 및 산업

약리 정보

ATC CodeV08BA01
PharmacodynamicsBarium sulfate increases the absorption of x-rays as they are passed throughout the body, delineating body structures, in which barium sulfate is localized. This allows for the clear visualization of normal organs/defect in normal anatomy.
Mechanism of Action · 1건

Barium sulfate is a heavy metal with a high atomic number (Z=56) and a K shell binding energy (K-edge of 37.4 keV) very close to that of most diagnostic x-ray beams. Due to these characteristics, barium is an ideal medium for the absorption of x-rays. Barium sulfate is essentially not absorbed from the GI tract nor metabolized in the body. Barium sulfate is used to fill the gastrointestinal tract lumen or to coat the mucosal surface and is administered orally, rectally, or instilled into an enterostomy tube or catheter,. Barium sulfate enhances delineation of the GI tract. The barium suspension covers the mucosal surface of the GI tract, allowing its shape, distensibility, motion, integrity, continuity, location within the torso, relationship to other organs to be closely examined. Various abnormalities, such as benign or malignant tumors, ulcers, strictures, diverticula, inflammation or infection, altered motility, displacement and other pathology can thereby be identified,. At lower concentrations (higher dilution), barium enhances the conspicuity of the GI tract to differentiate the GI tract from various abdominal organs in computed tomography examinations (CT scans) of the abdomen. Improved delineation of the gastrointestinal tract lumen and mucosa may be reached by contrast provided by gas (by the addition of bicarbonate or gas-filled balloons) in addition to the barium. This is known as a _double-contrast procedure_. Osmotically active agents (for example, sorbitol) are also used to induce fluid accumulation and distension of the GI system to enhance visualization.

Biological Half-Life · 5건

... In rats barium sulfate disappeared from the injection site with a half-life of 26 days ...

In Syrian hamsters, barium sulfate was found to be cleared from the lungs with a biological half-life of 8-9 days ...

(131)BaSO4 was found to be cleared from the lungs, with a biological half-life time of 8-9 days, through absorption into the general circulation with subsequent urinary clearance.

Measurements of the clearance of tracer levels of (131)barium sulfate (estimated maximum initial burden of 90 ug or 0.09 mg/kg from a 30 to 90 minute exposure) from the respiratory tract of female beagle dogs (10 + or - 1 kg) were performed. The biological half-life was eight days.

/Barium/ sulfate ... /has a calculated/ half-life of 26 days /in rats/.

Metabolism/Metabolites · 3건

Barium sulfate is poorly water soluble and shows negligible levels of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract following both oral or rectal administration. In healthy subjects, orally administered barium sulfate is generally excreted within 24 hours. Rectally administered barium sulfate is eliminated with clearance of the enema.

The in vivo solubility in rats of barium chloride, barium carbonate, barium sulfate, and barium fused in clay /was studied/. The chloride and the carbonate disappeared rapidly from the injection site. The sulfate dissolved more slowly; a half-life of 26 days was calculated. The fused clay was largely retained, the half-life being calculated as 1390 days.

Barium compounds are absorbed via ingestion and inhalation, the extent of which depends on the individual compound. In the body, the majority of the barium is found in the bone, while small amounts exists in the muscle, adipose, skin, and connective tissue. Barium is not metabolized in the body, but it may be transported or incorporated into complexes or tissues. Barium is excreted in the urine and faeces. (L214)

FDA Pharmacological Classification · 6건

25BB7EKE2E

BARIUM SULFATE

Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Radiographic Contrast Agent

Mechanisms of Action [MoA] - X-Ray Contrast Activity

Barium sulfate is a Radiographic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of barium sulfate is as a X-Ray Contrast Activity.

BARIUM SULFATE

용도 및 제조

Uses · 6건

CIR ingredient: Barium Sulfate

Used in paper, paints, textiles, plastics, batteries, and x-ray contrast dye; [HSDB]

Battery Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Manufacture of photographic papers, artificial ivory, cellophane; filler for rubber, linoleum, oil cloth, polymeric fibers and resins, paper, lithographic inks; as a water color pigment for colored paper, in wallpaper; as a size for modifying colors of other pigments, in heavy concrete for radiation shield.

Weighting mud in oil-drilling, paper coatings, paints, filler and delustrant for textiles, plastics and lithograph inks; base for lake colors, X-ray photography, opaque medium for gastrointestinal radiography; in battery plate expanders.

Pigment extender for oil & water based paints; pigment (as component of lithopone) in paint & fabrics, plaster; filler in cosmetics (eg, lipstick); hardening agent for cement.

ImpuritiesNatural impurities are ferric oxide, silicon dioxide, and strontium sulfate.
U.S. Exports · 4건

(1986) 7.26X10+6 g (crude barite) /estimate/

(1998) 14,700 tons /Barite/

(1986) 6,000 tons; (1987) 8,000 tons; (1988) 1,000 tons

Barite: Salient Statistics for the United States [Table#5074]

U.S. Imports · 5건

(1977) 7.89X10+9 G

(1979) 7.04X10+9 G

(1986) 6.80X10+8 g (crude barite) /estimate/

(1998) 21,300 tons /Barite/

For more U.S. Imports (Complete) data for Barium sulfate (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

U.S. Production · 6건

2023: 55,000,000 - <70,000,000 lb

2023: 100,000,000 - <500,000,000 lb

(1986) 3.43X10+8 g /estimate/

(1987) 3,769 short tons

(1998) 476,000 tons

(1972) 96,000 tons

Consumption Patterns · 5건

Over 65% of barite produced was used as a weighting agent in oil and gas well drilling fluids (1985).

50% Decrease in demand for barite in 1986 ... due primarily to a severe downturn in oil and gas well drilling activity prompted by ... soft world oil prices.

(1998) 3,275,000 tons

(1986) 1,105,000 tons; (1987) 1,304,000 tons; (1988) 1,798,000 tons

For more Consumption Patterns (Complete) data for Barium sulfate (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

관련 반응

50건

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