황산아연

Cosmetic ingredients (Zinc Sulfate) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Oral care; Antiplaque; Antimicrobial; Anticaking

1.96 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

3.8 g/cu cm

3.8 g/cm³

3.74 @ 15°C

Solubility: 54.480 lb/100 lb water /Heptahydrate/

57.7 g/100 g water at 25 °C

In water solubility, 101 g/100 g water at 70 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 22 (good)

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

Medicines for diarrhoea

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /sulfur oxides and zinc oxide/.

680 °C

212 °F (USCG, 1999)

680 °C (decomposes)

Anhydrous zinc sulfate is a colorless crystalline solid. Zinc sulfate is also obtained as a hexahydrate, ZnSO4.6H2O, and as a heptahydrate ZnSO4.7H2O. All forms are soluble in water. All are noncombustible. The primary hazard is the threat posed to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is used in the production of rayon, as a feed supplement, and as a fertilizer ingredient.

CBI; Large Crystals; Other Solid; Wet Solid; Dry Powder; Liquid; Other Solid; Liquid; Dry Powder; Large Crystals

Colorless crystals. [HSDB]

COLOURLESS HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS.

Danger

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P305+P354+P338, P317, P330, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.1% (1 of 928) of reports.

Danger

H302 (94.2%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

Chemical: Sulfuric acid, zinc salt (1:1)

Sulfuric acid, zinc salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Sulfuric acid, zinc salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 27-03-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15488

Zinc sulphate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

Not combustible.

Toxic by ingestion; Long-term therapeutic doses may inhibit the absorption of copper; Zinc sulfate was used as an emetic (dose of 1-2 grams in a glass of water) in the past, but it can cause kidney injury. The dust is irritating to the nose and throat. Subjects receiving 200 mg three times a day for 18 weeks showed no signs of kidney or liver injury. Ingestion of 28 grams was lethal in one poisoning case. Autopsy showed pancreatic hemorrhage and renal damage. [HSDB] See Zinc.

This substance is generally recognized as safe when used as a nutrient in accordance with good manufacturing practice.

This substance is generally recognized as safe when used as a nutrient and/or dietary supplement in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Substances migrating to food from paper and paperboard products used in food packaging that are generally recognized as safe for their intended use, within the meaning of section 409 of the Act. Zinc sulfate is included on this list.

Trace minerals added to animal feeds as nutritional dietary supplements are generally recognized as safe when added at levels consistent with good feeding practice. Zinc sulfate is included on this list.

For more FDA Requirements (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Residues of zinc sulfate (basic and monohydrate) are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a coating agent in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

Residues of zinc sulfate (basic and monohydrate) are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solid diluent, carrier in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

Zinc sulfate (basic and monohydrate) is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a water repellant, desiccant, and coating agent in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals.

The Agency has sufficient information on the human health effects of zinc salts and on it potential for causing effects in fish and wildlife and the environment when used to control moss and fungus growth in outdoor residential areas, on structures, in pressure-treated lumber and incorporated into fibers used in carpet. The Agency concludes that products containing zinc salts for these uses ar eligible for reregistration. Only certain generic physical chemistry data studies on zinc salts still are needed as comfirmatory information. The Agency has determined tha zinc salt containing products, labeled and used as specified in this Reregistration Eligibility Document will not pose unreasonable risks or adverse effects to humans or the environment.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Zinc sulfate, basic is found on List D. Case No: 4099; Pesticide type: fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: RED Approved 09/92; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document .; Active ingredient (AI): Zinc sulfate, basic; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Zinc sulfate ophthalmic solutions should be stored in tightly closed containers at temperatures not exceeding 40 °C, freezing should be avoided.

Finely divided ... zinc compounds, can be fire and explosion hazard if stored in damp places, sources of spontaneous combustion. /Zinc cmpd/

There is ... /a/ tendency for solutions of zinc sulfate to form slight cloudiness due to seperation of basic salt formed through partial hydrolysis.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be contained with a flexible impermeable membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime, crushed limestone or sodium bicarbonate. Add soda ash. Adjust pH to neutral (pH= 7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Chemical Treatability of Zinc; Concentration Process: Ultrafiltration; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Continuous flow, pilot scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Industrial wastewater; Results of Study: 0.38 ppm effluent concentration. /Zinc/

Chemical Treatability of Zinc; Concentration Process: Miscellaneous sorbents; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Literature review; Type of Wastewater Used: Unknown; Results of Study: Final concentration reduced to 0.1 ppb; SiO2 + CaO slags used. /Zinc/

The proprietary Sulfex process (Permutit Co) has been applied to zinc wastes. The process involves addition of ferrous sulfide, which gradually releases sulfide to precipitate the zinc ... . /Zinc/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow if necessary. Keep upwind. Avoid breathing vapors or dust. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Prevention ... /of metal fume fever/ is a matter of keeping exposure of workers below level of concn currently accepted as satisfactory for working with the metal in industry, preferably by employment of proper local exhaust ventilation to collect fumes at their source. Acceptable respirators are avail commercially but should be used only under suitable conditions. /Zinc/

In all cases where zinc is heated to the point where fume is produced, it is most important to ensure that adequate ventilation is provided. Individual protection is best ensured by education of the worker concerning metal-fume fever & the provision of local exhaust ventilation, or, in some situations by wearing of supplied-air hood or mask.

The effects of intraperitoneal pretreatment, 48 hr beforehand, with zinc sulfate (22, 44 or 88 mg/kg) were studied on gastric ulceration, gastric secretion and changes in stomach wall mast cell counts induced after 4 hr by reserpine (5 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally to intact (unoperated for pylorus occlusion) or pylorus-occluded rats. Zinc sulfate dose-dependently antagonized the gastric actions of reserpine by preventing ulceration in the ruminal and glandular segments of the stomach, reducing acid secretion, and inhibiting mast cell degranulation which occurred mainly in the glandular mucosal layer. The relationship between these findings and the action of zinc on gastric mast cell is discussed.

Concurrent use of large amounts of fiber, phosphorus, or phytates with zinc supplements may reduce zinc absorption by formation of nonabsorbable complexes; food containing fiber, phosphorus, or phytates should be taken at least 2 hours after zinc supplements. /Zinc supplements/

Some studies have found that folate can decrease the absorption of zinc, but not in the presence of excessive zinc; other studies have found no inhibition. /Zinc supplements/

Large doses of iron supplements can inhibit the intestinal absorption of zinc; this, at one time was a problem in individuals taking commercial multivitamin-mineral preparations or infant formulas that had a high iron to zinc ratio; however, most firms in the US have reformulated their products; zinc supplements should be taken at least 2 hours after iron supplements. /Zinc supplements/

For more Interactions (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 Anguilla japonica (Japanese eel) 29 mg/L/24 hr, 14 mg/L/48 hr, 11 mg/L/96 hr; static

TLm Noemacheilus montanus 2.37 ppm/24 hr, 1.50 ppm/48 hr, 0.95 ppm/72 hr, 0.62 ppm 96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Scylla serrata on (immature marine edible crab), were 741.3 ppm/24 hr, 645.7 ppm/48 hr, 489.8 ppm/72 hr, and 398.1 ppm/96 hr in static bioassays/ after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr, respectively.

LC50 Lebistes reticulatus (guppy, male) 300 mg/L/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (113 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.

Inhalation (L49) ; oral (L49) ; dermal (L49)

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that the following 27 zinc salts are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when formulated to be non-irritating...Zinc Sulfate...

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

Anaemia results from the excessive absorption of zinc suppressing copper and iron absorption, most likely through competitive binding of intestinal mucosal cells. Unbalanced levels of copper and zinc binding to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase has been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Stomach acid dissolves metallic zinc to give corrosive zinc chloride, which can cause damage to the stomach lining. Metal fume fever is thought to be an immune response to inhaled zinc. (L48, L49, A49)

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The toxicity of zinc sulfate to Lepidocephalichthyes guntea /fish/ was reduced with increased water hardness. A 3.2 fold decrease in zinc (Zn) toxicity was noted at 260 mg/L of hardness on 96 hr exposure.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In flagfish /Jordanella floridae/ (not exposed as embryos to zinc), survival of larvae and growth of females were the most sensitive parameters of zinc toxicity and were reduced at 85 and 51 ug/L and above, respectively. In contrast, exposure at the embryo stage showed that embryo hatchability, and survival and growth of larvae were not affected significantly at 139 ug/L or below. ...The early life stage test was performed with enough embryos incubated in each test concentration (or control) to provide 30 1-day old larvae per concentration level. Reproduction tests were initiated after 30 or more embryos (not previously exposed) had emerged from any spawning substrate. /Heptahydrate/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In a /flow-through/ life cycle /(8 month exposure period)/ experiment, (i) the eight week survival of /Pimephales promelas/ (fathead minnows) exposed to zinc as eggs was reduced at mean concentrations of 0.295 and 0.576 mg/L, and (ii) the survival of fish exposed as larvae was also reduced at these two concentrations. During life-cycle exposure, the most sensitive parameters for toxicity were egg adhesiveness and fragility, which were significantly affected at 0.145 mg/L and above, but without effect at 0.078 mg/L and below. Reduced egg adhesiveness and increased fragility were not related to exposure of parental fish, which apparently developed normally at 0.145 and 0.295 mg/L. Hatchability and survival of larvae were significantly reduced, and deformities at hatching were significantly increased at 0.259 mg/L and above. NOEC (survival, hatchability): 0.145 mg/L; NOEC (maturation, reproduction): 0.295 mg/L. ...Test conditions: water hardness: 46 mg/L CaCO3; test medium: lake water. /Heptahydrate/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Effects of anthropogenic pollution have been observed at different trophic levels in the oceans, and toxicity tests constitute one way of monitoring these alterations. The present assay proposes the use of two reference substances, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and zinc sulfate, for Perna perna larvae. This common mussel on the Brazilian coast is used as a bioindicator and is of economic interest. The chronic static embryo-larval test of short duration (48 hr) was employed to determine the NOEC, LOEC, and IC50 for SDS and zinc sulfate, as well as the coefficient of variation. Salinity, pH and un-ionized ammonia (NH3) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were measured to monitor water quality. The results demonstrated that the main alterations in veliger larvae are the development of only one shell, protruded mantle, malformed shell, formation of only part of a valve, clipped edges, uneven sizes and presence of a concave or convex hinge. NOEC values were lower than 0.25 mg/L(-1) for zinc sulfate and 0.68 mg L(-1) for SDS. The coefficient of variation was 17.63% and 2.50% for zinc sulfate and SDS, respectively.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting.

Ingestion of large doses of zinc causes stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Acute inhalation of large amounts of zinc causes metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Dermal contact with zinc results in skin irritation. (L49)

The assessment of zinc exposure can be accomplished through measurement of zinc. The presence of excess zinc ... can indicate high exposure to zinc; however, no information was found in the literature regarding the accuracy of these levels in predicting possible health effects. Blood Reference Ranges: Normal - average level 1200 ug/dl; Exposed - not established; Toxic - not established. Serum or Plasma Reference Ranges: Normal - average levels 100 ug/dl; Exposed - not established; Toxic - not established. Urine Reference Ranges: Normal - average levels 0.5 mg/g creatinine or 150 to 1200 ug/24 hours; Exposed - urinary concentrations of 600 to 700 ug/l were found in workers exposed to zinc oxide at levels of 3 to 5 mg/cu m; Toxic - greater than 1200 ug/24 hours has been indicated as a toxic urinary level of zinc; however no information was located relating to the severity of symptoms seen with high urinary zinc levels. /Zinc/

Respiratory Symptom Questionnaires: Questionnaires have been published by the American Thoracic Society and the British Medical Research Council. These questionnaires have been found to be useful in identification of people with chronic bronchitis, however certain pulmonary function tests such as FEV1 have been found to be better predictors of chronic airflow obstruction. /Zinc/

Chest Radiography: This test is widely used for assessing pulmonary disease. Chest radiographs have been found to be useful for detection of early lung cancer in asymptomatic people, especially for detection of peripheral tumors such as adenocarcinomas. However, even though OSHA mandates this test for exposure to some toxicants such as asbestos, there are conflicting views on its efficacy in detection of pulmonary disease. /Zinc/

Pulmonary Function Tests: The tests that have been found to be practical for population monitoring include: Spirometry and expiratory flow-volume curves; Determination of lung volumes; Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; Single-breath nitrogen washout; Inhalation challenge tests; Serial measurements of peak expiratory flow; Exercise testing. /Zinc/

For more Medical Surveillance (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In a double-blind cross-over trial 47 healthy volunteers (26 females and 21 men) ingested zinc sulfate capsules containing 220 mg zinc sulfate, three times a day with each meal (resulting in a total daily dose of 150 mg Zn2+ ie, ca 2.1 and 2.5 mg Zn2+/kg bw /day for males and females, respectively) for six weeks. Plasma zinc and copper levels, plasma cholesterol, plasma low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, serum ceruloplasmin and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (ESOD) were determined. In 84% of the women and 18% of the men symptoms were reported which included headaches, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and abdominal cramps. The study authors reported that the gastric discomfort went together with lower body weights and taking the capsules with small meals (breakfast or morning tea) or no food. Plasma zinc levels rose significantly in both men and women (36% and 57%, respectively). Plasma copper levels did not change significantly. Total plasma cholesterol and HDL were unchanged in both sexes. In females the LDL cholesterol decreased significantly from 2.38 to 2.17 mmol/L. In females a decrease was also found in serum ceruloplasmin (13% reduction) and in ESOD (ca. 20% reduction).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In two studies the side effects of zinc administration as a medication in the treatment chronic leg ulcers was investigated: In a double-blind trial, 13 humans received 200 mg zinc sulfate (+/- 135 mg Zn2+) three times a day for 18 weeks, while 14 humans received a placebo. No signs of nephrotoxicity associated with the zinc treatment were reported ... No indications for hematotoxicity, hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity, as determined by several clinical biochemical and hematological parameters, were seen in 18 humans after administration of 220 mg zinc sulfate (150 mg Zn2+) 3 times a day for 16 to 26 weeks.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Intranasal irrigation with ZnSO4 is known to produce anosmia.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute overdose: Profuse sweating, decreased consciousness, blurred vision, tachycardia, hypothermia, hyperamylasemia, hypotension, pulmonary edema, diarrhea, vomiting, jaundice, oliguria

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

This substance is generally recognized as safe when used as a nutrient in accordance with good manufacturing practice.

This substance is generally recognized as safe when used as a nutrient and/or dietary supplement in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Substances migrating to food from paper and paperboard products used in food packaging that are generally recognized as safe for their intended use, within the meaning of section 409 of the Act. Zinc sulfate is included on this list.

Trace minerals added to animal feeds as nutritional dietary supplements are generally recognized as safe when added at levels consistent with good feeding practice. Zinc sulfate is included on this list.

For more FDA Requirements (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Residues of zinc sulfate (basic and monohydrate) are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a coating agent in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

Residues of zinc sulfate (basic and monohydrate) are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solid diluent, carrier in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

Zinc sulfate (basic and monohydrate) is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a water repellant, desiccant, and coating agent in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals.

The Agency has sufficient information on the human health effects of zinc salts and on it potential for causing effects in fish and wildlife and the environment when used to control moss and fungus growth in outdoor residential areas, on structures, in pressure-treated lumber and incorporated into fibers used in carpet. The Agency concludes that products containing zinc salts for these uses ar eligible for reregistration. Only certain generic physical chemistry data studies on zinc salts still are needed as comfirmatory information. The Agency has determined tha zinc salt containing products, labeled and used as specified in this Reregistration Eligibility Document will not pose unreasonable risks or adverse effects to humans or the environment.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Zinc sulfate, basic is found on List D. Case No: 4099; Pesticide type: fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: RED Approved 09/92; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document .; Active ingredient (AI): Zinc sulfate, basic; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1,000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Zinc sulfate is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Zinc and compounds/

For total recoverable zinc the criterion-to protect freshwater aquatic life ... is 47 ng/L as a 24 hr average ... at hardnesses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/l as CaCO3 the concentration of total recoverable zinc should not exceed 180, 320, 570 ug/L at any time. /Soluble zinc salts/

For total recoverable zinc the criterion to protect saltwater aquatic life ... is 58 ug/L as a 24 hr average and the concentration should not exceed 170 ug/L at any time. /Soluble zinc salts/

(AZ) ARIZONA 5000 ug/l /Zinc/

(MN) MINNESOTA 2000 ug/l /Zinc/

EPA 5000 ug/L /Zinc/

EPA 2000 ug/L /Zinc, Lifetime health advisory/

B - Blood and blood forming organs

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

QB - Blood and blood forming organs

QA - Alimentary tract and metabolism

A12CB01

Deficiency of zinc may lead to growth retardation, hypogonadism in males, anorexia (possibly due to changes in taste and smell), depressed mental function, dermatitis, impaired wound-healing, suppressed immune function, diarrhea, and abnormal vitamin A metabolism with impaired night vision. /Zinc supplements/

Recommended intakes may be increased and/or supplementation may be necessary in the following conditions (based on documented zinc deficiency): alcoholism; burns; cirrhosis of the liver; diabetes mellitus; eating disorders - anorexia nervosa, bulimia; gastrectomy; genetic disorders - celiac, Crohn's, diarrhea, sprue, ulcerative colitis; intestinal parasitism; malabsorption syndromes associated with pancreatic insufficiency - pancreatic disease, cystic fibrosis; renal diseases - nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, uremia; short bowel syndrome; skin disorders - exfoliative dermatoses, psoriasis; prolonged stress; prolonged trauma. /Zinc supplements/

Recommended intakes for all vitamins and most minerals are increased during breast-feeding. /Zinc supplements/

Recommended intakes for all vitamins and most minerals are increased during pregnancy. Many physicians recommend that pregnant women receive multivitamin and mineral supplements, especially those pregnant women who do not consume an adequate diet and those in high-risk categories (i.e., women carrying more than one fetus, heavy cigarette smokers, and alcohol and drug abusers). /Zinc supplements/

Some unusual diets (e.g., reducing diets that drastically restrict food selection) may not supply minimum daily requirements of zinc. Supplementation may be necessary in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or undergoing rapid weight loss or in those with malnutrition, because of inadequate dietary intake. /Zinc supplements/

Zinc has been identified as a cofactor for over 70 different enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase and both RNA and DNA polymerase. Zinc facilitates wound healing, helps maintain normal growth rates, normal skin hydration and the senses of taste and smell.

Zinc inhibits cAMP-induced, chloride-dependent fluid secretion by inhibiting basolateral potassium (K) channels, in in-vitro studies with rat ileum. This study has also shown the specificity of Zn to cAMP-activated K channels, because zinc did not block the calcium (Ca)-mediated K channels. As this study was not performed in Zn-deficient animals, it provides evidence that Zn is probably effective in the absence of Zn deficiency. Zinc also improves the absorption of water and electrolytes, improves regeneration of the intestinal epithelium, increases the levels of brush border enzymes, and enhances the immune response, allowing for a better clearance of the pathogens.

3 hours

Half-life: 3 hours

Zinc can enter the body through the lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal absorption of zinc is controlled by zinc carrier protein CRIP. Zinc also binds to metallothioneins, which help prevent absorption of excess zinc. Zinc is widely distributed and found in all tissues and tissues fluids, concentrating in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, skin, lung, brain, heart, and pancreas. In the bloodstream zinc is found bound to carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes, as well as bound to albumin, _2-macroglobulin, and amino acids in the the plasma. Albumin and amino acid bound zinc can diffuse across tissue membranes. Zinc is excreted in the urine and faeces. (L49)

ZINC SULFATE

Copper Absorption Inhibitor [EPC]; Decreased Copper Ion Absorption [PE]

ZINC SULFATE INJECTION,

Decreased Copper Ion Absorption [PE]; Copper Absorption Inhibitor [EPC]

ZINC SULFATE INJECTION

Copper Absorption Inhibitor [EPC]; Decreased Copper Ion Absorption [PE]

Approximately 20 to 30% of dietary zinc is absorbed, primarily from the duodenum and ileum. The amount absorbed is dependent on the bioavailability from food. Zinc is the most bioavailable from red meat and oysters. Phytates may impair absorption by chelation and formation of insoluble complexes at an alkaline pH. After absorption, zinc is bound in the intestine to the protein metallothionein. Endogenous zinc can be reabsorbed in the ileum and colon, creating an enteropancreatic circulation of zinc.

Primarily fecal (approximately 90%); to a lesser extent in the urine and in perspiration.

After absorption zinc is bound to protein metallothionein in the intestines. Zinc is widely distributed throughout the body. It is primarily stored in RBCs, WBCs, muscles, bones, Skin, Kidneys, Liver, Pancreas, retina, and prostate.

The pharmacokinetics of zinc sulfate were compared with those of a new zinc pantothenate, in rabbits. Each salt was administered to rabbits at a dosage of 3.3 uCi of zinc-65/kg of body weight. The measured pharmacokinetics of the two compounds responded to a two compartment open model. The urinary elimination of the two salts was similar, as was their localization in the skin and fur, but Zn pantothenate was retained by the liver to a lesser extent than was zinc sulfate (ZnSO4).

Absorption: 20% to 30%. Protein binding: 99%. Elimination: Through small bowel excretion.

In women in different trimesters of pregnancy, the oral administration of 200 mg zinc sulfate per day resulted in an increase of serum zinc levels from 109.7 to 205.4 mg/dL. In the control group, serum zinc levels declined from 113.0 mg/dL in the first trimester to 83.8 in the third trimester.

CIR ingredient: Zinc Sulfate

Used as an animal feed additive, chemical reagent, mordant in textile printing, wood and skin preservative, crenulating agent (rayon manufacturing), flotation reagent, fertilizer, and fire-proofing agent; Also used in paint pigment, paper bleaching, glue, electrogalvanizing, and deodorants; Former uses are herbicide and miticide; [HSDB]

Textiles (Fiber & Fabric Manufacturing) [Category: Industry]

MEDICATION

MEDICATION (VET)

The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

(1978) 3.30X10+9 G

(1982) 1.00X10+9 G

(1985) 6.22X10+8 g

(1987) 353,519 lb

(1978) 5.70X10+9 G

(1982) 2.30X10+9 G

(1985) 3.62X10+10 g

(1986) 7,300,515 lb

Quantities in metric tons: (1994) 7,200; (1995) 5,400

2023: 1,000,000,000 - <5,000,000,000 lb

(1978) 3.90X10+10 G

(1982) 4.30X10+10 G

(1985) 3.45X10+10 g

(1990) >1 million-10 million pounds

Fertilizer, 68%; Froth flotation agent, 10%; Animal feed additive, 9%; Rayon manufacture, 5%; other, 8% (1982)

Agriculture, 80%; zinc stearate, 5%; miscellaneous (includes water treatment), 15% (1986) /estimate/

Agricultural (mainly fertilizer), 76%; other (including water treatment, rayon, chemical manufacture, electroplating), 24% (1985)

CHEMICAL PROFILE: Zinc Sulfate. Agricultural (mainly fertilizer), 76%; other (including water treatment, rayon, chemical manufacture and electroplating), 24%

For more Consumption Patterns (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Treatment of rosted ore concentrations, scrap, leach from flue dust, or zinc chemical sludges with sulfuric acid to produce zinc sulfate monohydrate

It is produced from sidestreams of electrolytic zinc manufacture

Zinc sulfate is obtained by leaching zinc-containing materials with sulfuric acid in an aqueous medium.

The hydrometallurgical or electrolytical process where the zinc oxide is leached from the roasted or calcined material with sulfuric acid to form zinc sulfate solution which is electrolyzed in cells to deposit zinc on cathodes.

/Zinc oxide/ reacts with sulfuric acid to produce zinc sulfate.

Grades: Technical; USP; reagent. /Heptahydrate/

Fertilizer solutions are sold on the basis of 10-12% elemental zinc content

Neozin (American optical): solution (sterile) 0.25% with phenylephrine hydrochloride 0.125% and benzalkonium chloride 0.004% in 15 mL containers (nonprescription).

Optised (Professional Pharmacal): solution (sterile) 0.25% with phenylephrine hydrochloride 0.125% and benzalkonium chloride 1:10000 in 15 mL containers (nonprescription).

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Information on 5 consumer products that contain Zinc Sulfate in the following categories is provided:

Information on 70 consumer products that contain Zinc sulfate in the following categories is provided:

Cosmetics -> Oral care; Antiplaque; Antimicrobial; Anticaking

BACTERICIDES

All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing

Sulfuric acid, zinc salt (1:1): ACTIVE

The main source of secondary zinc to make zinc sulfate is galvanizer residues, ... scrap from steel and brass mills is also used.

The main source of secondary zinc for zinc sulfate production is galvanizer residues.