황산칼륨

개요천연적으로는 아르카나이트로 산출되고, 공업적으로는 염화칼륨 KCl을 진한황산 HSO과 함께 가열하여 얻는다. 칼륨비료로 사용되는 외에, 거의 냄새가 없어 각종비료와 배합시킬 수 있다. 비효는 속효성이며, 황산암모늄·과인산 등과 함께 기비가 된다. 또 칼륨백반·브롬화칼륨의 제조원료나 의약품에 이용된다.

용도공업적으로는 카이나이트 등에 염화칼륨을 가한 수용액에서 복분해하여 얻는다. 물에서 재결정시켜 정제한다. 칼륨비료로 사용되고 냄새가 거의 없어 각종 비료와 배합시킬 수 있다. 비료 효과가 빨 리 나타나며, 황산암모늄 ·과산화인산 등과 함께 기본적인 비료이다. 또, 비료 외의 용도로 칼륨백반 ·브롬화칼륨의 제조원료나 의약품 에 이용된다.

개요Potassium sulfate (K2SO4) is a kind of chemical compounds that is commonly used in agriculture. The dominant application of potassium sulfate is as a fertilizer, which is commonly applied to offer both potassium and sulfur, thus improving the quality and yield of crops growing in soils that lack an adequate supply of this essential elements. Besides, the crude potassium sulfate is sometimes employed in the production of glass. It also has applications in other industries, which is used as a flash reducer in artillery propellant charges and as an alternative blast media similar to soda in the process of soda blasting. potassium sulfate powder

출처Potassium and sodium sulfates and their double sulfates with calcium and magnesium occur naturally in various salt lakes. Potassium sulfate also occurs in certain volcanic lava. Its double salt with magnesium occurs in nature, as the mineral langbeinite.Potassium sulfate is used in fertilizers as a source of potassium and sulfur, both of which are essential elements for plant growth. Either in sim-ple form or as a double salt with magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate is one of the most widely consumed potassium salts in agricultural applications. It is preferred over potassium chloride for certain types of crops; such as, tobac-co, citrus, and other chloride-sensitive crops. Some other applications include making gypsum cements; to make potassium alum; in the analysis of Kjeldahl nitrogen; and in medicine.

역사Potassium sulfate has been known since the early 14th century. It was studied by Glauber, Boyle, and Tachenius. In the 17th century, it was named arcanuni or sal duplicatum, as it was a combination of an acid salt with an alkaline salt. It was also known as vitriolic tartar and Glaser's salt or sal polychrestum Glaseri after the pharmaceutical chemist Christopher Glaser, who prepared and used it medicinally. From the early to mid-19th century, as understanding of plant nutritional requirements deepened and the fertilizer industry emerged, potassium sulphate began to be produced on a large scale as a vital potash fertiliser.

용도potassium sulfate is a reagent in cosmetics. Potassium sulfate is an inorganic salt with a primary function as a viscosity-increasing agent.

일반 설명Potassium sulfate is an inorganic salt that can be prepared by reacting phosphogypsum and potassium chloride. It forms needlelike mullite particles on heating with aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and silicon dioxide (SiO2). Its application to the soil has been reported to minimize the bronzing of rice plants. Its surface integration growth kinetics has been obtained in the temperature range of 20-50°C. The theoretical heat capacity curve of potassium sulfate in vapor phase has been obtained.

생산 방법Potassium sulfate is produced by various methods, selection of process depending on availability and cost of raw materials.The salt may be obtained from its naturally occurring mineral, langbeinite,K2SO42MgSO4. The ore first is crushed and washed with water to separate sodium chloride. After that, magnetite is separated from the washed langbei-nite by magnetic separation. After the separation of these two major impuri-ties, the purified double salt is treated with an aqueous solution of potassium chloride to obtain potassium sulfate:K2SO42MgSO4 + 4KCl →3K2SO4+ 2MgCl2The solution is filtered to remove insoluble residues and the products are separated from their aqueous mixture by crystallization.Potassium sulfate also is produced from the mineral kieserite, MgSO4H2O by treatment with potassium chloride. The intermediate double salt obtained reacts further with potassium chloride to form potassium sulfate:MgSO4H2O + 2KCl + 4H2O →K2SO4MgSO46H2O + MgCl2K2SO4MgSO46H2O + 2KCl →2K2SO4+ MgCl2Potassium sulfate is separated from the more soluble magnesium chloride by crystallization.Also, potassium sulfate can be made by two other processes in which no naturally occurring mineral is employed. In the Mannheim process, the salt is produced by action of sulfuric acid on potassium chloride:2KCl + H2SO4→K2SO4+ 2HClIn Hargreaves process, which is a slight variation of the Mannheim method, potassium sulfate is made by heating a mixture of potassium chlo-ride, sulfur dioxide, air and water:4KCl + 2SO2+ 2H2O + o2→2K2SO4+ 4HCl.

순도시험(1) 납 : 「메타인산나트륨」의 순도시험 (2)에 따라 시험한다(2.0ppm 이하). (2) 비소 : 이 품목을 비소시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 4.0ppm 이하이어야 한다. (3) 수은 : 이 품목을 수은시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 1.0ppm 이하이어야 한다. (4) 셀레늄 : 이 품목 1g을 물 100mL에 녹인 것을 시험용액으로 하여 원자흡광도법의 무염방식에 따라 측정할 때의 흡광도는 셀레늄표준용액 3mL에 물을 가한 다음 100mL로 한 액을 시험용액과 같은 조작을 하여 얻은 흡광도보다 높아서는 아니 된다(30ppm 이하).

확인시험이 품목의 수용액(1→10)은 확인시험법 중 칼륨염의 반응을 나타낸다.

정량법이 품목 약 0.5g을 정밀히 달아 물 200mL에 녹이고 이에 염산 1mL를 가하여 끓인다. 계속 저어주면서 뜨거운 염화바륨시액 8～9mL를 천천히 가한 후 수욕상에서 1시간 가열하고 식힌 다음 회분이 없는 여과지로 여과하고 씻은 액이 염화물의 반응을 나타내지 않을 때까지 씻은 다음 그 침전물을 조심스럽게 탄화한 다음 항량이 될 때까지 800±25℃에서 강열하여 황산바륨으로서 평량한다.

정의Potassium sulfate is a potassium salt and an inorganic potassium salt. It is a white crystalline powder, K2SO4, soluble inwater and insoluble in ethanol;rhombic or hexagonal; r.d. 2.66; m.p.1069°C. It occurs naturally assch nite (Strassfurt deposits) and inlake brines, from which it is separatedby fractional crystallization. Ithas also been produced by the Hargreavesprocess, which involves theoxidation of potassium chloride withsulphuric acid. In the laboratory itmay be obtained by the reaction ofeither potassium hydroxide or potassiumcarbonate with sulphuric acid.Potassium sulphate is used in cements,in glass manufacture, as a food additive, and as a fertilizer(source of K+) for chloride-sensitiveplants, such as tobacco and citrus.