제1인산암모늄

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

Use extinguishing agents suitable for surrounding fire. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any sign of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

SRP: In bulk storage or manufacturing situations where combustible dusts can collect in sufficient concentrations to give rise to an explosion/deflagration, reasonable precautions shall be taken to reduce or eliminate the hazard. Efforts shall be made to control or eliminate the five elements necessary to initiate a dust explosion. These include combustible dust (fuel), ignition source (heat), oxygen in air (oxidizer), and dispersion of dust particles in sufficient quantity and concentration as well as confinement of the dust cloud. General guidance in these efforts can be found in OSHA's "Combustible Dust in Industry; Preventing and Mitigating the Effects of Fire and Explosions", which list measures to control dusts, eliminate ignition sources, and limit the effects of explosions.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

This paper summarizes data on the factors involved in addiction and dependence to cigarettes. Nicotine has been intensively studied by the tobacco industry, for instance for its addictive effect at the lowest possible rates. The addition of diammonium phosphate and urea produces an alcalinization of the pH of cigarette smoke, and promotes the absorption and the trans-membrane passage of nicotine. The taste, the smell of smoke, and the visual aspect of the pack of cigarettes are also sensory components that promote addiction. Finally, menthol, sugar, cocoa and liquorice added to cigarettes also play a role in dependence and addiction to cigarettes by, for instance, making an anesthetic effect on the airways.

LC50; Species: Grammarus pseudolimnaeus (Northern spring amphipod) (mature); Conditions: static, 18 °C; Concentration: 52 mg/L for 96 hr (95% Confidence interval: 48 to 68 mg/L)

LC50; Species: Grammarus pseudolimnaeus (Northern spring amphipod) (mature); Conditions: static, 18 °C; Concentration: 40 mg/L for 96 hr (95% Confidence interval: 32 to 46 mg/L)

LC50; Species: Coho salmon; Conditions: static, 11 °C; Concentration: 320 mg/L for 96 hr (95% Confidence interval: 279-367 mg/L)

LC50; Species: Coho salmon; Conditions: static, 11 °C; Concentration: 245 mg/L for 96 hr (95% Confidence interval: 216 to 277 mg/L)

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for DIAMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that the following 31 ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics as described in this safety assessment, when formulated to be non-irritating...Ammonium Phosphate...

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that the following 31 ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics as described in this safety assessment, when formulated to be non-irritating...Diammonium Phosphate...

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Acute toxicity to five freshwater fishes and a scud was determined in static tests. 96 hr LC50 ranged from 40 mg/L for scuds to 1500 mg/L for fingerling fish. In salmon and trout, yolk-sac fry were more susceptible than swim-up fry.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The effects of two commonly used fertilizers, diammonium phosphate and urea, on hematological parameters (hemoglobin, red blood cell count, hematocrit, and total leucocyte count) of fresh water fish Clarias batrachus were studied. The toxic effect of diammonium phosphate was more pronounced than that of urea. The toxic effect of diammonium phosphate resulted in a sudden fall of hematological parameters--Hb, red blood cell count, Hct--at higher concentrations, and at lower concentrations gradual decreases were seen over comparatively longer durations. In urea intoxication, slight decreases in the three parameters were seen at lower concentrations during shorter intervals, while at higher concentrations, significant decreases during shorter intervals were observed. Total leucocyte count increased during toxicity with both fertilizers, but higher elevations in total leucocyte count were produced by diammonium phosphate than by urea.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... With large doses of ... ammonium /salts/, there arises the possibility of sufficient absorption to produce diuresis and systemic ammonia poisoning, particularly if material is administered parenterally. /Ammonium Salts/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute ... eye contact with concentrated alkali causes conjunctival edema and corneal destruction. Alkalies penetrate skin slowly. Extent of damage therefore depends on duration of contact. Chronic poisoning (from skin contact). Chronic dermatitis may follow repeated contact ... /Alkalies and Phosphates/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ This paper summarizes data on the factors involved in addiction and dependence to cigarettes. Nicotine has been intensively studied by the tobacco industry, for instance for its addictive effect at the lowest possible rates. The addition of diammonium phosphate and urea produces an alcalinization of the pH of cigarette smoke, and promotes the absorption and the trans-membrane passage of nicotine. The taste, the smell of smoke, and the visual aspect of the pack of cigarettes are also sensory components that promote addiction. Finally, menthol, sugar, cocoa and liquorice added to cigarettes also play a role in dependence and addiction to cigarettes by, for instance, making an anesthetic effect on the airways.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ...It has been shown that solutions containing 0.1 molar ... ammonium phosphate ... at pH 7-7.5 made up to 0.46 osmolar (1.5 times isotonic concentration) by addition of sodium chloride or sucrose and dripped continuously on eyes of rabbits caused edema of epithelium of the cornea within 3-3.5 hr. /Ammonium Phosphate/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In a recent series of experiments, Sherman diets containing 1%, 2.5% and 5% Na4P2O7 were fed for 16 weeks to groups of 20 male and female rats weighing between 90 and 115 g; a similar group received a diet containing 5% monophosphate. In the sodium phosphate groups, growth was normal up to the 2.5% level; kidney weight was increased at the 2.5% level (females) and above; kidney function was (concentration test) decreased at the 2.5% level (males) and above. Kidney damage (calcification, degeneration and necrosis) was observed in a greater percentage of rats in the 1% group than in the controls. At the higher concentration of sodium diphosphate more severe kidney damage occurred and, in addition, some of the animals had hypertrophy and hemorrhages of the stomach. The latter abnormality was not found in the 5% monophosphate group. /Diphosphate/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In a series of successive experiments, Na4P2O7 was added in concentrations of 1.8%, 3% and 5% to a modified Sherman diet and fed to groups of 34-36 young rats for 6 months. The studies also included control groups and groups receiving the same levels of sodium monophosphate. With 3% and 5% diphosphate diets growth was significantly decreased and at both these concentrations nephrocalcinosis appeared as the main toxic effect. The degree of damage to the kidneys was about the same as that observed in the corresponding monophosphate groups. With the 1.8% diphosphate and monophosphate diets, normal growth occurred, but a slight yet statistically significant increase in kidney weight was noted. Microscopic examination revealed kidney calcification in some of the animals, both in the diphosphate and monophosphate groups. This was more extensive than the calcification occasionally found in the control animals. In an additional experiment, 1.1% of diphosphate and of monophosphate were used. There was a slight growth retardation in the first part of the experiment. After 39 weeks a slight degree of kidney calcification was noted and this was the same for both phosphates. /Diphosphate/

/GENOTOXICITY/ A tiered testing strategy has been employed to evaluate the potential for new ingredients, tobacco processes, and technological developments to alter the mainstream smoke or biological activity that results from burning cigarette tobacco. The foundation of this evaluation strategy is comparative testing, typically including chemical and biological assessments. In the manufacture of cigarettes, diammonium phosphate (DAP) and urea have been historically used as ingredients added to tobacco, to reconstituted tobacco sheet, and to other processed tobaccos. As part of ongoing stewardship efforts, a toxicological assessment of cigarettes with and without DAP and urea was conducted. Chemical and biological analyses were conducted for test cigarettes added 0.5% DAP and 0.2% urea in the final blend and also for those added 1.0% DAP and 0.41% urea in the final blend compared to reference cigarettes without added DAP or urea. Principal components of this evaluation included a determination of selected mainstream smoke constituent yields, an Ames assay in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, a sister chromatid exchange assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells, a 13-week inhalation study of mainstream cigarette smoke in Sprague-Dawley rats, and a 30-week dermal tumor-promotion evaluation of mainstream cigarette smoke condensate in SENCAR mice. Comparative evaluations demonstrated that the addition of DAP and urea to cigarettes at up to 1% and 0.41%, respectively, does not alter the biological activity compared to reference cigarettes without DAP or urea.

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of diammonium phosphate is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ammonia and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for signs of pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mg/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. /Ammonia and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ammonium and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Phosphorus and related compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for DIAMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

48.6

PPRTV Archive

0.09

PPRTV Current

The food additive diammonium phosphate may be safely used in ruminant feed in accordance with the following prescribed conditions: (a) The food additive is the product resulting from the neutralization of feeding-phosphoric-acid or defluorinated wet-process phosphoric acid with anhydrous ammonia. It contains not less than 106.25% equivalent crude protein (nitrogen X 6.25) and 20% phosphorus. It contains not more than the following: 1 part fluorine to 100 parts phosphorus; 75 ppm arsenic (as As); 30 ppm heavy metals, as lead (Pb). (b) It is used in ruminant feeds as a source of phosphorus and nitrogen in an amt that supplies not more than 2% of equivalent crude protein in the total daily ration.

Ammonium phosphate (mono-, and dibasic) used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).

Residues of diammonium phosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only. Use: buffer, surfactant. Limit: none.

CIR ingredient: Ammonium Phosphate

CIR ingredient: Diammonium Phosphate

Used in fireproofing (textiles, paper, wood, and vegetable fibers), impregnating lamp wicks; preventing afterglow in matches, soldering, purifying sugar, inhibiting corrosion, and fertilizing; [Merck Index] Used as a food additive and livestock supplement; [CHEMINFO]

Soldering [Category: Heat or Machine]

Fireproofing textiles, paper, wood, and vegetable fibers; impregnating lamp wicks; preventing afterglow in matches; flux for soldering tin, copper, brass, and zinc; purifying sugar; in yeast cultures; in dentifrices; in corrosion inhibitors; in fertilizers.

A common fire-extinguishing ingredient in ABC-type dry-powder extinguishers ... Used as flame retardants for cellulosic materials, including plywood, papers, and fabrics, to prevent afterglow in matches and to control forest fires /Ammonium phosphates/

(1972) 1.7X10+12 GRAMS (INCL MONOAMMONIUM)

(1975) 2.20X10+12 GRAMS

About 5.8 million tons for crop year 1995 /Ammonium phosphates/

(1972) 4.6X10+11 GRAMS (INCL MONOAMMONIUM)

(1975) 8.31X10+10 GRAMS

Crop year 1995, negligible) /Ammonium phosphates/

2023: 4,000,000,000 - <5,500,000,000 lb

(1972) 5.9X10+12 GRAMS (INCL MONOAMMONIUM)

(1975) 5.17X10+12 GRAMS

CHEMICAL PROFILE: Ammonium phosphates. Demand: 1985-1986 (Fertilizer year): 10.07 million tons; 1986-1987 /projected/: 10.32 million tons; 1990-1991 /projected/: 12.1 million tons. /Ammonium phosphates/

CHEMICAL PROFILE: Ammonium phosphates. Demand: 1988-1989 (fertilizer year): 15.25 million tons; 1989-1990 /projected/: 15.55 million tons; 1993-1994 /projected/: 17.0 million tons. (Includes exports, but not imports, which are negligible.) /Ammonium phosphates/

For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for DIAMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

(INCL MONOAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE) 97% FOR FERTILIZERS; 1% FOR FIRE CONTROL; 1% FOR LIVESTOCK FEEDS; 1% IN MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS (1972)

CHEMICAL PROFILE: Ammonium Phosphates. 100% fertilizers: diammonium phosphate 87% (49% domestic, 51% export); monoammonium phosphate 13% (60% domestic, 40% export). /Ammonium phosphates/

CHEMICAL PROFILE: Ammonium phosphates. 100% fertilizers: diammonium phosphate 85%; monoammonium phosphates 15%. Exports account for 50% of total ammonium phosphates production. /Ammonium phosphates/

Fertilizer, 98% (DAP, 70%; MAP 23%, other solid ammonium phosphates, 5%); industrial uses, 1.5%; animal feed, 0.5%. /Ammonium phosphates/

During the year ending June 30, 1990, DAP represented 38% of total U.S. fertilizer P2O5 usage.

Diammonium phosphate /solutions/ ... have a high partial pressure of ammonia and the reaction is carried out in a two-stage reactor system in which the feed acid passes countercurrentwise to the flow of ammonia gas. Incoming acid reacts in the scrubber with ammonia from the main reactor and may also serve as a scrubber for dryer off-gases.

Ammonium monophosphates are produced by neutralization of phosphoric acid with ammonia. Crude or partially purified wet phosphoric acid is mostly used for fertilizer applications. However, pure thermal phosphoric acid is used preferentially for the production of commercial ammonium phosphates with an assay >99 %. /Ammonium phosphates/

Grades: technical; CP /chemically pure: a grade designation signifying a minimum of impurities, but not 100% purity/; fertilizer; feed; dentifrice; highly purified, for phosphors; FCC /Food Chemicals Codex/.

The grade used medicinally is 98-99% pure.

Fertilizer grade, min 18% N, 46% P.

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; FLOUR_TREATMENT_AGENT; RAISING_AGENT; YEAST_FOOD -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; FLOUR_TREATMENT_AGENT; RAISING_AGENT; YEAST_FOOD -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; FLOUR_TREATMENT_AGENT; RAISING_AGENT; YEAST_FOOD -> JECFA Functional Classes

Cosmetics -> Oral care; Buffering