Butyl Acetate

log Kow = 1.78

1.78

1.82

Strong fruity odor

Sweet

Fruity odor

Burning and then sweet taste reminiscent of pineapple

Pleasant, banana-like taste

0.875 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8825 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.88

0.876-0.880

0.88

0.88 @25 °C

1 to 5 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 8.33X10+3 mg/L at 25 °C

In water, 6,700 ppm at 25 °C

Soluble in 120 parts water at 25 °C

In water, 14,000 mg/L at 20 °C; 5,000 mg/L at 25 °C

For more Solubility (Complete) data for n-Butyl acetate (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

72 °F (NTP, 1992)

22 °C

72 °F (22 °C) (Closed cup)

22 °C c.c.

72 °F

72 °F

259.7 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

126.0 °C

126.10 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

126 °C

125-126 °C

258 °F

-108.2 °F (NTP, 1992)

-77 °C

-77 °C

-78 °C

-107 °F

-77 °C

4 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

4.0 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.0

4

Warning

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]；H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.3% (12 of 4374) of reports.

Chemical: Acetic acid, butyl ester

Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 (amended)

Acetic acid, butyl ester is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Acetic acid, butyl ester are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 15-05-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15948；Status: Active Update: 05-02-2019 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/27693；Status: No longer Valid Update: 11-01-2016 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/6316

Acetic acid, butyl ester: HSNO Approval: HSR001091 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:；HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids will float on water. (ERG, 2024)

Flammable. Above 22 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

Butyl acetate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

Butyl acetate is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:；CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.；SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).；LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.；FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use AFFF, alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.；SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.；INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.；INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

(General first aid procedures)；Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.；Skin: Water flush promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.；Breathing: Respiratory support；Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions: Carbon oxides.

Its vapors are heavier than air.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

If material on fire or involved in a fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Butyl acetates/

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Remove all sources of ignition. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Apply appropriate foam to diminish vapor and fire hazard. /Butyl acetates/

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use surface active agent (eg detergent, soaps, alcohols), if approved by EPA. Inject "universal" gelling agent to solidify encircled spill and increased effectiveness of booms. If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Butyl acetates/

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Butyl acetates/

The waste waters from the production of antibiotics contain certain quantities of butyl acetate or butanol. For the purpose of their purification by removal of these organic solvents a technology and an installation have been created. The installation described operates steadily with waters tending to cause settling of solids, when heated in a heat exchanger or when decreasing the concentration of the organic solvent in the stripping column. The investigation of the industrial column shows a degree of purification of 99-100% at different regimes of operation. The five year exploitation of the installation for removal of butyl acetate and the two year operation of that for the removal of butanol showed that the solids coagulating from waste water did not settle on the apparatus walls.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:；ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.；LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable metal or glass containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

n-Butyl acetate was detected in the expired breath of 3 of 8 human subjects at an expiration rate of 8.7-41.0 ug/hr(1). n-Butyl acetate was detected in 31 % of 387 expired air samples collected from 54 human volunteers at a mean concentration of 0.2 ng/L(2).

The effects of combined exposure to n-butyl alcohol and n-butyl acetate on rotarod performance and hot plate behavior in rats and respiratory rate in mice were investigated in the condition of an acute inhalation experiment. Rotarod performance and hot-plate behavior were tested in rats exposed to various concentrations of n-butyl alcohol, n-butyl acetate and their mixture consisting of 50 vol-% n-butyl alcohol and 50 vol-% n-butyl acetate immediately after termination of a 4 hr exposure period. The respiratory rate in mice was recorded continuously before the exposure to solvents, during 6 min of exposure and 6 min after termination of exposure using whole body plethysmographic method. Mice were exposed to vapors of single solvents and their 50:50 vol-% mixture. Both solvents and their mixture caused concentration-dependent disturbances of rotarod performance in rat. The medial effective concentration (EC50) for the effect amounted to 7559 ppm, 8339 ppm, and 10,672 ppm for n-butyl alcohol, n-butyl acetate and their mixture, respectively. Both solvents and their mixture decreased sensitivity to the pain and changes were concentration -dependent. In condition of combined exposure the results obtained in rotarod and hot-plate behavior test indicate the summation of individual solvent effects. The tested solvents resulted in concentration-dependent decrease in respiratory rate in mice. n-Butyl alcohol produced maximal decrease in respiratory rate in the first minute of exposure whereas n-butyl acetate in the sixth minute.

Adult female SPF rats (strain: Sprague-Dawley) were treated with 790 mg ethanol/kg body weight by intraperitoneal injection 30 minutes after the beginning of a 5-hr-inhalation of about 1,000 ppm n-butyl acetate in air via a tracheotomy tube (under urethane anesthesia). The elimination of the ethanol from blood which was increased to about 24 mmol/L (1.1%, g/v) was not delayed during the initial linear phase as compared to control (ethanol treatment without inhalation of n-butyl acetate). During inhalation approximately 24 mumol n-butyl acetate/L were measured in blood without ethanol treatment and approximately 52 mumol n-butanol/L as a metabolite of n-butyl acetate. The n-butanol content in blood was doubled under ethanol treatment. This increase is explained by substrate competition of both alcohols at the alcohol dehydrogenase with ethanol excess.

... The developmental toxic potential ... was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats following whole body inhalation exposure, 6 hr /per/ day, from day 6 to 20 of gestation. ... The developmental toxic effects of simultaneous exposures to ethylbenzene (EB) and /n-butyl acetate/ BA, or to toluene (TOL) and BA were evaluated. Pregnant rats were administered EB (0, 250 or 1000 ppm) and BA (0, 500 or 1500 ppm), or TOL (0, 500 or 1500 ppm) and BA (0, 500, 1500 ppm), separately and in combinations, using a 2 x 2 factorial design. The maternal weight gain was reduced after exposure to 1000 ppm EB, to 1500 ppm BA, or to 1500 ppm TOL, either alone or in binary combinations. A significant reduction of fetal weight was associated with exposure to 1000 ppm EB alone, to either mixtures of EB with BA, or to 1500 ppm TOL alone or combined with BA at either concentration. No embryolethal or teratogenic effects were observed whatever the exposure. There was no evidence of interaction between EB and BA or between TOL and BA in causing maternal or developmental effects.

LC50; Species: Chlorococcales (Green Algae Order); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 1200000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age < or =24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C; Concentration: 205000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill); Conditions: static bioassay in fresh water, mild aeration applied after 24 hr, 23 °C; Concentration: 100 ppm for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Menidia beryllina (Inland silverside); Conditions: static bioassay in synthetic seawater, mild aeration applied after 24 hr, 23 °C; Concentration: 185 ppm for 96 hr

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for n-Butyl acetate (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 19(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-butyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-butyl acetate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.81X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(3). n-Butyl acetate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 11.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Using a standard BOD dilution technique and a sewage inoculum, theoretical BODs of 56% to 86% were observed during 5 and 20 day incubation periods(5), suggesting that n-butyl acetate may biodegrade in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 19(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-butyl acetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.81X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6.5 hours and 5.3 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 7(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.78(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis may be an important environmental fate for this compound based upon experimentally determined hydrolysis half-lives of 2 yrs and 78 days at pH 7 and 8, respectively(2). Using river water as seed, 5-day and 20-day theoretical BODs of 20.9% and 55.4%, respectively, were measured(7), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-butyl acetate, which has a vapor pressure of 11.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-butyl acetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.2 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). n-Butyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

n-Butyl acetate has been detected as a volatile flavor component of baked potatoes(1) and roasted filbert nuts(2). It has been identified as a naturally occurring flavor and fragrance component of apples(3). n-Butyl acetate has been identified in cheese volatiles(4), apricots and plumbs(5), dalieb fruit(6), apples(7,8), volatiles of chickpea seeds(9) and nectarines(10). n-Butyl acetate was not detected in scrambled eggs made from supermarket purchased, fresh unstored or fresh stored eggs(11).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: n-Butyl acetate is a colorless liquid. It is used in manufacture of lacquer, artificial leather, photographic films, plastics, and safety glass. It is also used as an organic solvent and synthetic flavoring ingredient. HUMAN STUDIES: Male and female volunteers were exposed to different concentrations of n-butyl acetate vapor for 2 to 5 minutes. With exposure at 200 ppm for 3 to 5 minutes, the majority of the subjects complained of throat irritation; at 300 ppm for 3 to 5 minutes, the majority reported eye and nose irritation and severe throat irritation. In cases of severe overexposure, weakness, drowsiness, and unconsciousness have been seen. Chronic exposure to n-butyl acetate in humans has been associated with mild skin irritation. Repeated contact of the skin with the liquid may lead to defatting and cracking. Workers exposed chronically to n-butyl acetate have reported conjunctival irritation, feeling of chest constriction, and coughing. However, permanent lesions of the eyes and respiratory tract and other systemic effects have been reported in an occupational setting only when n-butyl acetate is present in a mixture with other solvents, and these effects appear to be due to the other solvents. ANIMAL STUDIES: n-Butyl acetate showed no sensitization potential when tested in a maximization test using guinea-pigs. Following 24 hr application of 0.01 mL of the neat material to the clipped skin of five albino rabbits, n-butyl acetate was slightly irritating. Guinea pigs exposed for 1 to 810 minutes at vapor concentration of 0.33, 0.7, or 1.4% by volume of n-butyl acetate were examined. At 0.33%, only eye irritation occurred. Irritation of the nose and eyes, lacrimation, incoordination, CNS depression, and respiratory disturbances were noted at the two higher concentration. Deaths were recorded only at the 1.4% concentration after 4 hours and occurred during exposure; slight to moderate congestion of the brain, lungs, and kidneys were noted.

Butyl acetate has been identified as a naturally occurring component of apples(1). Butyl acetate was reported in the skin and pulp of Queen Anne's pocket melon (Cucumis melo L) at 123.9 and 110.5 ug/kg, respectively(2). n-Butyl acetate was detected in the head space of golden delicious apples 1, 5, 8, 12, 14, 16, 19 and 22 days after harvesting at concentrations of 0.53, 1.73, 15.35, 64.97, 81.45, 78.25, 79.41 and 71.12 ug/6 L head space, respectively(3). n-Butyl acetate was detected as a volatile component of Miyabi variety of Japanese muskmelon(4).

n-Butyl acetate occurrence in plants(1).[Table#503]

Cough. Sore throat. Dizziness. Headache.

Dry skin.

Redness. Pain.

Nausea.

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; headache, drowsiness, narcosis

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Status of Agents Search page, which tabulates the results and current status of tests such as "Short-Term Toxicity Studies", "Long-term Carcinogenicity Studies", "Developmental Studies", "Genetic Toxicology Studies", etc., performed with this chemical. Testing status for n-butyl acetate is available.[Available from, as of March 27, 2018: https://ntpsearch.niehs.nih.gov/?e=True&ContentType=Testing+Status]

EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of March 27, 2018: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

Chemical: Acetic acid, butyl ester

Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 (amended)

Acetic acid, butyl ester is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Acetic acid, butyl ester are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 15-05-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15948；Status: Active Update: 05-02-2019 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/27693；Status: No longer Valid Update: 11-01-2016 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/6316

Acetic acid, butyl ester: HSNO Approval: HSR001091 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Butyl acetate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

Butyl acetate is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. n-Butyl acetate is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Butyl acetate is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

Metabolism studies with male Sprague Dawley rats using radioactive labelled n-butyl acetate indicated that n-butyl acetate was very rapidly eliminated from the blood (biphasic elimination; half life = 0.41 min).

... When n-butyl acetate was added to human blood samples the ... /half-life/ for hydrolysis was 4 minutes. ...

The metabolism of n-butyl acetate is characterized by the rapid hydrolysis of the parent compound to n-butanol and acetic acid, a process which is catalyzed by esterases found in several tissues and blood.

Metabolism studies with male Sprague Dawley rats using radioactive labelled n-butyl acetate indicated that n-butyl acetate was very rapidly eliminated from the blood (biphasic elimination; half life = 0.41 min), and was detected in brain tissue only at low concentrations (mean maximum of 3.8 ug equivalents/g at 1.9 min) in the first 2.5 min following dosing. n-Butanol was found at higher concentrations in both blood (Cmax = 52 ug equivalents/g at Tmax 2.6 min)and brain (Cmax = 79 ug equivalents/g at Tmax 2.5 min), but this was also rapidly eliminated in both tissues (biphasic elimination; t1/2, of 1.0 - 1.2 min) and was undetectable beyond 20 min post dosing. n-Butyric acid was present at low concentrations in blood (mean maximum of 5.7 ug equivalents/g at 7.4 min) and declined slowly following dosing; it was largely undetected in brain tissue. Early eluting, polar metabolites, presumably Krebs cycle intermediates of (14)C n-butanol and glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of (14)C-n-butanol, were detected in the whole blood (mean maximum of 12.2 ug equivalents/g at 4.2 min), but were seen only in trace amounts in brain tissue. The hydrolysis of n-butyl acetate in blood and brain is estimated to be 99% complete by 2.7 min at this dose level.

The metabolic series approach for risk assessment uses a dosimetry-based analysis to develop toxicity information for a group of metabolically linked compounds using pharmacokinetic (PK) data for each compound and toxicity data for the parent compound. The metabolic series approach for n-butyl acetate and its subsequent metabolites, n-butanol and n-butyric acid (the butyl series), was first demonstrated using a provisional physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for the butyl series. The objective of this work was to complete development of the PBPK model for the butyl series. Rats were administered test compounds by iv bolus dose, iv infusion, or by inhalation in a recirculating closed chamber. Hepatic, vascular, and extravascular metabolic constants for metabolism were estimated by fitting the model to the blood time course data from these experiments. The respiratory bioavailability of n-butyl acetate (100% of alveolar ventilation) and n-butanol (50% of alveolar ventilation) was estimated from closed chamber inhalation studies and measured ventilation rates. The resulting butyl series PBPK model successfully reproduces the blood time course of these compounds following iv administration and inhalation exposure to n-butyl acetate and n-butanol in rats and arterial blood n-butanol kinetics following inhalation exposure to n-butanol in humans. These validated inhalation route models can be used to support species and dose-route extrapolations required for risk assessment of butyl series family of compounds. Human equivalent concentrations of 169 ppm and 1066 ppm n-butanol corresponding to the rat n-butyl acetate NOAELs of 500 and 3000 ppm were derived using the models.

... n-Butyl Alcohol may be formed by hydrolysis of butyl acetate in the blood, but is rapidly oxidized ...

Metabolism studies with male Sprague Dawley rats using radioactive labelled n-butyl acetate indicated that n-butyl acetate was very rapidly eliminated from the blood (biphasic elimination; half life = 0.41 min), and was detected in brain tissue only at low concentrations (mean maximum of 3.8 ug equivalents/g at 1.9 min) in the first 2.5 min following dosing. n-Butanol was found at higher concentrations in both blood (Cmax = 52 ug equivalents/g at Tmax 2.6 min)and brain (Cmax = 79 ug equivalents/g at Tmax 2.5 min), but this was also rapidly eliminated in both tissues (biphasic elimination; t1/2, of 1.0 - 1.2 min) and was undetectable beyond 20 min post dosing. n-Butyric acid was present at low concentrations in blood (mean maximum of 5.7 ug equivalents/g at 7.4 min) and declined slowly following dosing; it was largely undetected in brain tissue. Early eluting, polar metabolites, presumably Krebs cycle intermediates of (14)C n-butanol and glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of (14)C-n-butanol, were detected in the whole blood (mean maximum of 12.2 ug equivalents/g at 4.2 min), but were seen only in trace amounts in brain tissue. The hydrolysis of n-butyl acetate in blood and brain is estimated to be 99% complete by 2.7 min at this dose level.

... Female Sprague Dawley rats ... were exposed for 5 hours to 1000 ppm n-butyl acetate via tracheal intubation. Both, n-butyl acetate and its metabolite n-butanol were detectable in blood immediately after start of exposure, maximum levels were reached at about 30 minutes after start of exposure. The concentration of n-butyl acetate reached a nearly constant level (mean concentration: 24.6 +/- 3.8 umol/L). The blood concentrations of n-butanol followed were about twice the levels of n-butyl acetate (mean concentration: 52.4 +/- 10.3 umol/L; AUC: 260 +/- 29 umol per L/hr).

Investigations with male Sprague Dawley rats using a whole body plethysmograph indicated that n-butyl acetate is readily absorbed after inhalation exposure. The respiratory bioavailability of n-butyl acetate was calculated to be 100% of alveolar ventilation (about 60% of minute ventilation). Maximum blood levels of n-butyl acetate (2.43 +/- 2.7 ug/mL) were reached about 10 minutes after start of exposure to n-butyl acetate (2000 ppm at start of exposure). Except for the first measurement after 5 minutes the n-butanol blood levels (maximum: 8.18 +/- 3.1 ug/mL, 20 minutes after start of exposure) were higher than the n-butyl acetate blood levels.

Skin permeability of n-butyl acetate was investigated in vitro using a Franz-Diffusion cell and viable skin from female human donors. The permeability constant for n-butyl acetate was 1.6 +/- 0.1 g/sq m/hr (1.8 +/+ 0.1 cu cm/sq m/hr), indicating that the test item has only a low tendency to penetrate the skin.

When anesthetized rats were exposed via the trachea to n-butyl acetate, 34,000 mg/cu m for 1 hr or 4800 mg/cu m for 5 hr, constant blood levels of n-butyl acetate and n-butanol were rapidly reached. The n-butyl acetate was eliminated from blood within 1 min after termination of the 1 hr exposure. ...

CIR ingredient: Butyl Acetate

Used in solvent mixtures and to produce nitrocellulose lacquers, photographic film, nail polish removers, perfumes, oils, fats, vinyl resins, and camphor; Also used in food preservatives, inks, and printing processes; Occurs naturally in bananas; [ACGIH] In semiconductor manufacturing, n-butyl acetate is used to develop the pattern in the photoresists; [CHS, p. 44]

Semiconductor Manufacturing [Category: Industry]；Painting (Solvents) [Category: Paint]；Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing) [Category: Industry]

Manufacture of lacquer, artificial leather, photographic films, plastics, safety glass. Organic solvent.

Butyl acetate is used primarily in coatings. It is a good solvent with low volatility. The lacquer and enamel industries employ butyl acetate as a solvent for making acylic polymers, vinyl resins, and nitrocellulose. Other industries utilizing the acetate as solvent include printing, photographic, adhesives, extraction, and pharmaceutical.

Reported uses (ppm):；Table: Reported uses (ppm): (Flavor and Extract Manufacturers' Association, 1994) [Table#506]

(1972) 9.71X10+9 G

(1975) 5.7X10+8 G

(1984) 1.63x10+10 g

(1972) 1.99X10+7 G

(1975) 3.94X10+7 G

(1984) 1.54X10+9 g

2023: 250,000,000 - <400,000,000 lb；2022: 250,000,000 - <400,000,000 lb；2021: 250,000,000 - <400,000,000 lb；2020: 250,000,000 - <400,000,000 lb

(1972) 4.34X10+10 G

(1975) 3.65X10+10 G

(1993) 1.32378X10+8 kilograms

Acetic acid, butyl ester is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for n-Butyl acetate (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

95% USED IN THE PROTECTIVE COATINGS INDUSTRY AS A SOLVENT AND THINNER; AND 5% IN MISC APPLICATIONS (1965)

Nitrocellulose-based lacquers, 63%; Exports, 27%; Ink solvent, 5%; Adhesives solvent, 2%; Other solvent uses, 3% (1985)

CHEMICAL PROFILE: n-Butyl Acetate. Lacquer solvent, primarily for wooden furniture and auto top-coat applications, 55%; exports, 35%; others, including adhesive and pharmaceutical solvents, 10%.

CHEMICAL PROFILE: n-Butyl acetate. Demand: 1986: 185 million lb; 1987: 192 million lb; 1991 /projected/: 215 million lb (Includes exports; imports were 5.8 million lb in 1986).

Demand: (1992) 225 million lb; (1993) 230 million lb; (1997) /projected/ 250 million lb. (Includes exports of over 150 million lb in 1992, but not imports which were 32 million lb in 1992.)

Binder；Other；Solvent；Dispersing agent；Monomers；Processing aids not otherwise specified；Solubility enhancer；Corrosion inhibitor；Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable；Filler；Sealant (barrier)；Plasticizer；Surface modifier；Adhesion/cohesion promoter；Hardener

Surface modifier；Intermediate；Adhesion/cohesion promoter；Drier；Diluent；Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable；Cleaning agent；Plasticizer；Fuel；Fuel agents；Processing aids not otherwise specified；Solubility enhancer；Other；Flavoring and nutrient；Polymerization promoter；Solvent；Dispersing agent

Prepared from acetic acid and butyl alcohol ... .

Esterification of butanol and acetic acid produces butyl acetate. The catalyst is sulfuric acid. The removal of water by azeotropic separation forces the reaction to completion. The acid catalyst is neutralized and the ester purified by distillation.

Fragrance Ingredients

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Cosmetics -> Solvent

Printing Ink Manufacturing；All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing；Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing；Wood Product Manufacturing；Miscellaneous Manufacturing；All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing；Construction；Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing；Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable；Adhesive Manufacturing；Non-metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing)；Paint and Coating Manufacturing；Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing；Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing；Wholesale and Retail Trade；Plastics Product Manufacturing；Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing；Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing；Transportation Equipment Manufacturing；Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing

Acetic acid, butyl ester: ACTIVE

A new lipase preparation from Rhizopus oryzae was used to catalyze the esterification reaction between acetic acid and butanol to produce butyl acetate ester (pineapple flavor). This flavor compound can be used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Only 3% of butyl acetate was obtained when free lipase was used in the synthesis containing only the substrates. In contrast, the conversion yield reached 25% when immobilized lipase was used under the same conditions. The synthesis of butyl acetate catalyzed by immobilized lipase in nonconventional media was optimized. A maximum conversion yield of 60% in a solvent-free system was obtained under the following conditions: amount of immobilized lipase, 500 IU; amount of initially added water, 45%; acetic acid/butanol molar ratio, 1:1; and in incubation temperature, 37 °C. Immobilized lipase could be repeatedly used for three cycles without a decrease in synthesis activity. The production of butyl acetate esters by immobilized R. oryzae lipase was also studied in the presence of organic solvents. Compared with a solvent-free system, the synthesis activity was improved in the presence of heptane and hexane with conversion yields of 80% and 76%, respectively. However, solvent-free systems tend to purify more easily the products without any toxicity and inflammability problems.