메틸 미리스테이트

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

LINEAR ALKANES OF SPECIFIC CHAIN LENGTH ENHANCED DIFFERENTIALLY THE MITOGENIC RESPONSE OF MURINE SPLEEN LYMPHOCYTES TO THE LECTIN PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ. WITHIN THE HOMOLOGOUS SERIES OF COMPOUNDS HAVING C6-18, A BIPHASIC STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIP WAS FOUND, WITH MAXIMUM COMITOGENIC ACTIVITY OCCURRING FOR TETRADECANE. THE CONCN OF TETRADECANE HAVING EQUIVALENT COMITOGENIC ACTIVITY WAS SIMILAR TO THAT OF METHYL MYRISTATE.

Linear saturated fatty acid methyl esters were comitogenic with lectins for mouse lymphocytes, the degree of comitogenicity being strongly dependent on the length of the acyl group, and maximal for methyl tetradecanoate. Lesser effects were found for analogs with 10, 12, or 16 acyl carbon atoms, whereas those with fewer than 10 or more than 16 were inactive. /Methyl esters/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 5,400(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that methyl myristate is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of methyl myristate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.005 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Methyl myristate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.00049 mm Hg(4). Methyl myristate is expected to rapidly biodegrade in aerobic soils by analogy to structurally similar long-chain fatty acid esters(5-7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 5400(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that methyl myristate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.005 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 hours and 6.2 days, respectively(SRC), using an estimation method(3). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond is estimated to be about 57 hours ignoring adsorption; when considering maximum adsorption the volatilization half-life increases to 45 days(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 540(SRC) from its log Kow of 6.41(12) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high although it may be lower than that indicated due to the expected rapid metabolism rate for long-chain fatty acid esters(10). Methyl myristate is expected to rapidly biodegrade in aerobic soils by analogy to structurally similar long-chain fatty acid esters(8-10). An estimated base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 0.030 L/mole-sec(9,SRC) corresponds to half-lives of 7.3 years and 270 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(11).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), methyl myristate, which has a vapor pressure of 0.00049 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist solely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase methyl myristate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 24 hours(SRC) from its estimated rate constant of 1.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for methyl myristate can be estimated to be about 5400(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that methyl myristate is expected to be immobile in soil.

REPORTED FOUND IN VIOLET ROOTS.

Methyl myristate has been identified as a component of the rhizome of the decorative perennial iris (Pallida lam)(1). It has also been identified as a component of clams, short neck clams, and corbicula(2).

SOIL: Methyl myristate was qualitatively detected in soil samples from Southern Alberta, Canada, in strata associated with the Mazama volcano eruption which occurred approximately 7000 years ago(1). SEDIMENT: Methyl myristate was qualitatively detected in a sediment sample from the Calcasieu River, LA, 1979(2).

An estimated BCF of 1100 was calculated for methyl myristate(SRC) using a log Kow of 6.41(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), the estimated BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. However, bioconcentration studies on compounds which are structurally similar(4,5) suggests that bioconcentration may be lower than that indicated by the regression-derived equation due to the ability of aquatic organisms to readily metabolize this class of compounds(SRC).

Methyl myristate is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.