질화요소

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

If material on fire or involved in fire: Dangerously explosive. Do not fight fires in a cargo of explosives. Evacuate area and let burn. /Urea nitrate, dry/

Evacuation: If the material is on fire or involved in fire consider evacuation of one (1) mile radius. /Urea nitrate, dry/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Solid streams of water may spread fire. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use dry chemical, graphite, or dry earth. /Urea nitrate, wetted with not less than 10% water by mass/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Dangerously explosive. Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Urea nitrate, wetted with not less than 30% water by mass/

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep spilled material wet. Wet spilled material before picking it up. Do not attempt to sweep up dry material. /Urea nitrate, dry/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Cover all suspected material with wet sand or earth to prevent ignition until material can be permanently disposed of. /Urea nitrate, wetted with not less than 10% water by mass/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Urea nitrate, dry; urea nitrate, wetted with not less than 10% water by mass/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Keep spilled material wet. Do not attempt to sweep up dry material. /Urea nitrate, wetted with not less than 30% water by mass/

Immediate precautionary measure

Immediate precautionary measure

CARGO Fire

CARGO Fire

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 6.0(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that urea nitrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of urea nitrate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-17 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Urea nitrate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 7.59X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2010).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 6.0(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that urea nitrate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-17 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3.2(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -3.51(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2010).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), urea nitrate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 7.59X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase urea nitrate may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Urea nitrate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of urea nitrate can be estimated to be 6.0(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that urea nitrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

An estimated BCF of 3.2 was calculated in fish for urea nitrate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -3.51(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for urea nitrate is estimated as 1.7X10-17 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that urea nitrate is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Urea nitrate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 7.59X10-8 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

Urea nitrate is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(1). Urea nitrate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(1), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Occupational exposure to urea nitrate may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where urea nitrate is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to urea nitrate via dermal contact with this compound, particularly in locations where urea nitrate is used as a fertilizer. (SRC)

Urea nitrate's production and use in explosives and as a chemical reagent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as a fertilizer will result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 7.59X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates urea nitrate will exist solely in the particulate phase in the atmosphere. Particulate-phase urea nitrate will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. Urea nitrate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm, and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, urea nitrate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 6.0. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-17 atm-cu m/mole. If released into water, urea nitrate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Biodegradation data were not available. An estimated BCF of 3.2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to urea nitrate may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where urea nitrate is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to urea nitrate via dermal contact with this compound, particularly in locations where urea nitrate is used as a fertilizer. (SRC)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary. Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/