베라파밀 하이드로클로라이드

Danger

H301+H311 (10.4%): Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]；H301 (99.6%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]；H302 (15.6%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]；H311 (77%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]；H315 (18.1%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]；H319 (18.1%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]；H330 (60%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]；H331 (16.7%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]；H335 (18.9%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]；H412 (17.8%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 270 reports by companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.；Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

IMAP assessments - Benzeneacetonitrile, .alpha.-[3-[[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]methylamino]propyl]-3,4-dimethoxy-.alpha.-(1-methylethyl)-, monohydrochloride: Human health tier I assessment；IMAP assessments - Benzeneacetonitrile, .alpha.-[3-[[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]methylamino]propyl]-3,4-dimethoxy-.alpha.-(1-methylethyl)-, monohydrochloride: Environment tier I assessment

Treatment of overdosage should be supportive. Beta-adrenergic stimulation or parenteral administration of calcium solutions may increase calcium ion flux across the slow channel and have been used effectively in treatment of deliberate overdosage with verapamil. In a few reported cases, overdose with calcium channel blockers has been associated with hypotension and bradycardia, initially refractory to atropine but becoming more responsive to this treatment when the patients received large doses (close to 1 gram/hour for more than 24 hours) of calcium chloride. Verapamil cannot be removed by hemodialysis. Clinically significant hypotensive reactions or high degree AV block should be treated with vasopressor agents or cardiac pacing, respectively. Asystole should be handled by the usual measures including cardiopulmonary resuscitation. (L1712)

Cardiovascular: angina pectoris, AV block (2° & 3°), atrioventricular dissociation, CHF, pulmonary edema, chest pain, claudication, myocardial infarction, palpitations, purpura (vasculitis), syncope. Digestive system: diarrhea, dry mouth, gastrointestinal distress, gingival hyperplasia. Hemic and lymphatic: ecchymosis or bruising. Nervous system: cerebrovascular accident, confusion, equilibrium disorders, insomnia, muscle cramps, psychotic symptoms, shakiness, somnolence, extrapyramidal symptoms. Skin: arthralgia and rash, exanthema, hair loss, hyperkeratosis, macules, sweating, urticaria, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme. Special senses: blurred vision, tinnitus. Urogenital: gynecomastia, galactorrhea/hyperprolactinemia, increased urination, spotty menstruation, impotence.

Verapamil inhibits voltage-dependent calcium channels. Specifically, its effect on L-type calcium channels in the heart causes a reduction in ionotropy and chronotropy, thuis reducing heart rate and blood pressure. Verapamil's mechanism of effect in cluster headache is thought to be linked to its calcium-channel blocker effect, but which channel subtypes are involved is presently not known.

The resultant inhibition of the contractile processes of the myocardial smooth muscle cells leads to dilation of the coronary and systemic arteries,improved oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue, and decreased total peripheral resistance, systemic blood pressure, and afterload.

Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)

Verapamil hydrochloride

vLess-DILI-concern

3

Warnings & precautions

DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015

VERAPAMIL HCI

Calcium Channel Blocker [EPC]; Calcium Channel Antagonists [MoA]; Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitors [MoA]; Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitors [MoA]; P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors [MoA]

VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDE

Calcium Channel Blocker [EPC]; Calcium Channel Antagonists [MoA]; Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitors [MoA]; Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitors [MoA]; P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors [MoA]

Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers. Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade.

A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cellular membranes.

Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.