사이클로헥사논

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

Use alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide, powder. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - 1,2-Cyclohexanediol (with hydrolysis) in urine: 80 mg/L (end of shift at end of workweek); Cyclohexanol (with hydrolysis) in urine: 8 mg/L (end of shift); See notations in ACGIH TLVs and BEIs.

756.0 [ppm]

ALCOHOL FOAM, DRY CHEMICAL OR CARBON DIOXIDE

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. For small quantities of liquids containing cyclohexanone, absorb on paper towels and place in an appropriate container. Place towels in a safe place (such as a fume hood) for evaporation. Allow sufficient time for evaporation of the vapors so that the hood ductwork is free from cyclohexanone vapors. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials.

Large quantities of liquids containing cyclohexanone may be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material and placed in an appropriate container. Cyclohexanone should not be allowed to enter a confined space such as a sewer because of the possibility of an explosion. Cyclohexanone may be collected by vacuuming with an appropriate system. If a vacuum system is used, there should be no sources of ignition in the vicinity of the spill and flashback prevention devices should be provided.

Absorb on paper. Evaporate on a glass or an iron dish in hood. Burn the paper.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U057, F003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage,transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Cyclohexanone is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit and filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

In a study including 42 production workers from a large video tape manufacturing plant and 17 workers from two plastic bag printing plants in Singapore, the mean cyclohexanone level in breath was 1.08 ppm with a range of 0-6.4 ppm(1). Environmental levels of cyclohexanone in the plants ranged from 0.1 to 36.0 ppm, with a mean of 9.04 ppm.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Cyclohexanone is estimated to be highly mobile in soil(1,3,SRC). In view of its moderate vapor pressure(2) and low adsorption to soil(3), it would be expected to volatilize from surface soil. Although data are lacking, it may also undergo direct photolysis on the soil surface(4). Cyclohexanone is readily biodegradable according to aerobic screening tests(5-12) and therefore would be expected to biodegrade in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: If released in water, cyclohexanone would be slowly lost by volatilization. Its estimated half-lives in a model river and model lake are 4.1 and 33 days, respectively(1,2). Cyclohexanone is readily biodegradable according to aerobic screening tests(6) and in a die-away test performed using microorganisms from river water(3) and therefore, may be expected to biodegrade in natural waters. Adsorption to sediment(2,4) and bioconcentration(2,5) in aquatic organisms should be minimal(2) based upon its high water solubility(4) and low octanol/water partition coefficient(5).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: In the atmosphere, cyclohexanone will degrade by reacting with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals. Its estimated half-life resulting from this reaction is 1.3 days(1,2).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat. Dizziness. Drowsiness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Dry skin. Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation.

irritation eyes, skin, mucous membrane; headache; narcosis, coma; dermatitis; In Animals: liver, kidney damage

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=108-94-1]

In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4,000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the U.S. EPA, cyclohexanone was identified in discharges of the following industrial category (positive occurrences, median concentration in ppb): leather tanning (4; 593), iron and steel manufacturing (2; 13.3), nonferrous metals (1; 28.1), paint and ink (5; 34.4), printing and publishing (2; 149), ore mining (2; 3.1), inorganic chemicals (5; 32.7), plastics and synthetics (23; 75.8), auto and other laundries (1; 1.2), pharmaceuticals (2; 44.2), explosives (1; 16.8), aluminum (4; 12.9), electronics (4; 11.9), organic chemicals (2; 62.7), and POTWs (12; 23.5)(1). Maximum effluent concentrations above 1000 ppb were observed in leather tanning (1,927 ppb), inorganic chemicals (10,256 ppb), and plastics and synthetics (2,345 ppb)(1).

Wastewater from advanced treatment facilities in Lake Tahoe, CA, Dallas, TX, and Blue Plains, Washington, DC contained cyclohexanone(1). A final effluent grab sample from the Danville, IL POTW collected in June 1980 contained cyclohexanone(2). Wastewaters from processing shale oil have been found to contain cyclohexanone(3,4). It was identified in leachate from a municipal landfill in Ontario, Canada(5). The concentration of cyclohexanone in active compost blower exhaust from a wastewater sludge composting facility was 13 ug/cu m(6).

Cyclohexanone

5 mg/kg-day

U057; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when CYCLOHEXANONE, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

When cyclohexanone is a spent solvent, it is classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source (F003), as stated in 40 CFR 261.31, and must be managed according to State and/or Federal hazardous waste regulations.

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, use, and exposure to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Cyclohexanone is included on this list.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Cyclohexanone is found on List C. Case No: 3053; Pesticide type: insecticide; Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered ... The case /is characterized/ as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.; Active ingredient (AI): Cyclohexanone; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

Cyclohexanone is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solvent or cosolvent in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only.

Cyclohexanone is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solvent or cosolvent accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). These standards implement Section 111 of the Clean Air Act and are based on the Administrator's determination that emissions from the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry cause, or contribute significantly to, air pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare. The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed Synthetic Organic Chemical Manaufacturing Industry process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Cyclohexanone is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart. These standards of performance become effective upon promulgation but apply to affected facilities for which construction or modification commenced after January 5, 1981.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2700 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).