비요소

less than 1 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 238 mg/L at 16 °C

471 to 473 °F (NTP, 1992)

258 °C

0.0000595 [mmHg]

5.9X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C /Estimated/

Biurea is a white powder. (NTP, 1992)

White solid; [CAMEO]

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 88.1% (37 of 42) of all reports.

Warning

H315 (11.9%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 42 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

BIUREA is chemically classified as an amide. Amides/imides react with azo and diazo compounds to generate toxic gases. Flammable gases are formed by the reaction of organic amides/imides with strong reducing agents. Amides are very weak bases (weaker than water). Imides are less basic yet and in fact react with strong bases to form salts. That is, they can react as acids. Mixing amides with dehydrating agents such as P2O5 or SOCl2 generates the corresponding nitrile. The combustion of these compounds generates mixed oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then dampen the solid spill material with toluene, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with toluene to pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent-wash all contaminated surfaces with toluene followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Inhalation of salt dusts should be avoided. /Hydrazine & derivatives/

Engineering controls, such as process enclosure or local exhaust ventilation, shall be used when needed to keep concentrations of airborne hydrazines within acceptable levels. Ventilation systems shall be designed to prevent accumulation or recirculation of airborne hydrazines in the workplace environment and to remove hydrazines from the breathing zone of workers. /Hydrazines/

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

... Vinyl coated hand protection, natural or reclaimed rubber protection, rubber aprons, and plastic eye and face protection ... used when working with small quantities. Where possibility of gross splashing exists, full protective clothing made of rubber, neoprene or vinyl-coated materials should be worn. For respiratory protection in situations where recommended tolerance limits are ... exceeded, respiratory protective equipment ... must be used. /Hydrazine and derivatives/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ /1,2-hydrazinedicarbonamide/ was not irritating to rabbit skin or eyes.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ /Sprague-Dawley rats given ip injections of 20 or 200 mg/kg body weight per day for one week displayed/ no change in thyroid function. /No information for controls provided/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Dogs were fed doses of 50 or 100 g/kg diet 1,1-hydrazoformamide daily for 11 months (approximately 1250 or 2500 mg/kg bw/day). Reduction of the highest dose to 50 g/kg diet after 5 or 7.5 months. Results were increased mortality, renal and bladder calculi, chronic pyelonephritis and pyelitis in both dose groups.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ /Dogs orally exposed to daily doses of 750, 2370 or 7500 ppm in bread as diet for a period of two years/ exhibited no signs of increased tumor incidence. /No information for controls provided./

/GENOTOXICITY/ Negative in the following tests: cytogenetic assay and sister chromatid exchange assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells, and Ames test.

Biological half-lives were significantly different among the three acetylation phenotypes (analysis of variance, P < 0.05): 3.94+/-1.70 hours for slow acetylators, 2.25+/-0.37 hours for intermediate acetylators, and 1.86+/-0.67 hours for rapid acetylators. /Hydrazine/

/In animals/ the compound is mainly excreted in the feces and to a smaller part in the urine after oral dosing.

Two-week repeated and 13-week subchronic inhalation exposures of F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice to /azodicarbonamide/ (ADA) were conducted ... . The mean air concentrations of ADA in the 2-week studies were 207, 102, 52, 9.4, or 2.0 mg/cu m. ... In the 13-week subchronic study, the mean air concentrations of ADA were 204, 100, or 50 mg/cu m. ... Lung tissue from male rats was analyzed for ADA and biurea, the major metabolite of ADA. No ADA was detected. The amount of biurea in the lungs increased nonlinearly with increasing exposure concentration, suggesting that clearance was somewhat impaired with repeated exposures. However, even at the highest exposure concentration, this amount of biurea was less than 1% of the estimated total ADA deposited over the exposure period. /Azodicarbonamide/

Used as a chemical intermediate in the production of azodicarbonamide (a high volume chemical blowing agent); [HSDB]

Used as a chemical intermediate in the production of azodicarbonamide, a large volume chemical blowing agent.

The unsubstituted parent semicarbazide is best made from urea and hydrazine; using excess urea, hydrazodicarbonamide is formed.

/Hydrazodicarboxamide/ is made by refluxing an aqueous solution of urea and hydrazine.