캡탄

log Kow = 2.80

2.35

1.74 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.74 g/cu cm at 25 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.74

1.74

1.74 @25 °C

1.74

White to cream powder

Crystals from carbon tetrachloride

Colorless crystals

White, crystalline powder [Note: Commercial product is a yellow powder]

less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 5.1 mg/L at 25 °C

7.78 g/100 mL chloroform; 8.15 g/100 mL tetrachloroethane; 4.96 g/100 mL cyclohexanone; 4.70 g/100 mL dioxane; 2.13 g/100 mL benzene; 0.69 g/100 mL toluene; 0.04 g/100 mL heptane; 0.29 g/100 mL ethanol; 0.25 g/100 mL ether at 26 °C

20 g/kg xylene; 21 g/kg acetone; 1.7 g/kg isopropanol; 23 g/kg cyclohexanone at 26 °C

Slightly soluble in ethylene dichloride

For more Solubility (Complete) data for CAPTAN (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Decomposes (NTP, 1992)

decomposes

Decomposes

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions - Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides, hydrogen chloride gas.

Captan decomposes fairly readily in alkaline media (pH>8). It is hydrolytically stable at neutral or acid pH but decomposes when heated alone at its freezing/melting point.

Hydrolysed slowly at neutral pH, rapidly in alkali. Thermal DT50 /50% degradation time/ >4 yr (80 °C), 14.2 day (120 °C).

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /chloride, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides/.

352 °F (NTP, 1992)

172.5 °C

Colorless to beige amorphous solid with a pungent odor. MP: 175-178 °C /Technical grade/

No melting point; decomposes at 178 °C

352 °F

172.5 °C

less than 0.00001 mmHg at 77 °F (NTP, 1992)

9X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C

0 mmHg (approx)

0 mmHg (approx)

Captan is a white solid dissolved in a liquid carrier. It is a water emulsifiable liquid. It can cause illness by inhalation, skin absorption and/or ingestion. The primary hazard of this material is that it poses a threat to the environment. In case of release immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Since it is a liquid it can easily penetrate the soil to contaminate groundwater. It is used as a fungicide.

Odorless, white, crystalline powder. [fungicide] [Note: Commercial product is a yellow powder with a pungent odor.]; [NIOSH]

WHITE CRYSTALS.

Odorless, white, crystalline powder.

Odorless, white, crystalline powder. [fungicide] [Note: Commercial product is a yellow powder with a pungent odor.]

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Captan decomposes fairly readily in alkaline media (pH>8). It is hydrolytically stable at neutral or acid pH but decomposes when heated alone at its freezing/melting point.

Danger

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]；H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]；H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]；H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]；H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P203, P261, P264+P265, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

Chemical: 1H-Isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity；Authoritative List - CA TACs; Prop 65；Report - regardless of intended function of ingredient in the product

Commission Regulation No 844/2012

Captan is listed in the dataset of EPA Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides under the Safe Drinking Water Act (40 eCFR 141)

07/5/EC, Reg. (EU) 2018/917, Reg. (EU) 2019/707, Reg. (EU) 2020/869, Reg. (EU) 2021/745, Reg. (EU) 2022/708, Reg. (EU) 2023/918, Reg. (EU) 2024/2186, Reg. (EU) No 540/2011

Status: Active Update: 01-06-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/12775

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating and toxic gases are produced in a fire; they may include sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, phosgene, and oxides of nitrogen. (USCG, 1999)

Combustible under specific conditions. Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Captan is a fungicide used on fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals. Acute (short-term) dermal exposure to captan may cause dermatitis and conjunctivitis in humans. Ingestion of large quantities of captan may cause vomiting and diarrhea in humans. Captan was found to be carcinogenic in one strain of mice exposed in their diet, causing tumors of the duodenum. In mice exposed by either gavage (experimentally placing the chemical in the stomach) or injection, an increased incidence of tumors was not observed. EPA has classified captan as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen.

The thiophthalimides include captan, captafol and folpet; no systemic poisonings in humans have been reported; [EPA Pesticides] Captan is an agricultural fungicide that has caused occupational allergic contact dermatitis usually after airborne exposure. [Marks, p. 267] Allergic contact dermatitis also reported in hairdressers, painters, polishers, and varnishers; [Kanerva, p. 1765] In high-dose reproductive animal studies, captan causes testicular damage and fetal losses. It is a possible teratogen. [Frazier, p. 232-4] Not teratogenic in rats; Teratogenic in hamsters at a single dose of >750 mg/kg on day 7 or 8 of gestation; [ACGIH]

USEPA/ONAC; Captan Position Document 1. EPA SPRD-80/104 44 pp (1980).

USEPA/OPP; Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide Products Containing Captan as the Active Ingredient. EPA 540/RS-86/128.

Substitute Chemical Program: Initial Scientific and Minieconomic Review of Captan. NTIS Report No. PB-242,559 (1975).

Ferguson TL et al; Determination of Incinerator Operating Conditions Necessary for Safe Disposal of Pesticides NTIS Report No. PB-251,131 (1975).

For more Special Reports (Complete) data for CAPTAN (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Tolerances are established for residues of the fungicide, captan (N-trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide) in or on the following commodities: [Table#2541]

Tolerances are established for the combined residues of the fungicide, captan (N-trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide) and its metabolite 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI), measured at THPI, in or on the following commodities: [Table#2542]

The Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document for captan was completed in September 1999 and a public comment period for the RED followed. The Environmental Protection Agency reviewed the public comments submitted and responded in a October 30, 2003 Captan Response to Comments document. Further, as a result of its review of the public comments the Agency is amending the 1999 Captan RED. ... The Agency has determined that products containing captan are eligible for reregistration provided the risk mitigation as outlined in the following items 1 through 8, the attached label table, and the 1999 Captan RED are implemented.

Based on the reviews of the generic data for the active ingredient captan, the Agency has sufficient information on the health effects of captan and on its potential for causing adverse effects in fish, wildlife, and the environment. The Agency has determined that captan products, labeled and used as specified in this Reregistration Eligibility Decision, will not pose unreasonable risks of adverse effects to humans or the environment. Therefore, the Agency concludes that products containing captan are eligible for reregistration, subject to the terms and conditions of this RED, except for those with uses on turf and aerially-applied wettable powder formulations. Products applied to turf at sod farms or golf courses are eligible for reregistration; uses at all other turf sites are being voluntarily cancelled. Wettable powder formulations that are applied aerially are eligible for reregistration, provided either: 1) the products are packaged in water soluble packaging; or 2) the application rates are reduced to a level that is no higher than 1.2 lb ai/A.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Captan is found on List A, which contains most pesticides that are used on foods and, hence, have a high potential for human exposure. List A consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA '88. Case No: 0120; Pesticide type: fungicide; Registration Standard Date: 03/06/86; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the RED (Reregistration Eligibility Decision) document.; Active ingredient (AI): captan; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 03/03/95, 10/13/95; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide have made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:；CAUTION: Fire involving Safety devices (UN3268) and Fire suppressant dispersing devices (UN3559) may have a delayed activation and a risk of hazardous projectiles. Extinguish the fire at a safe distance.；SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.；LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.；FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.；SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.；INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.；INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.；OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

(General first aid procedures)；Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.；Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.；Breathing: Respiratory support；Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Captan may burn, but does not ignite readily. Use dry chemical, CO2, or foam extinguishers. Do not use water. ... If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. ... The only respirators recommended for fire fighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full face-pieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.)

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Non-combustible, acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic hazardous materials or hazardous materials causing chronic effects.

Store in a secure poison location. ... Store in tightly close containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from water, heat, and incompatible materials. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure-vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only nonsparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance with OSHA Standard 1910.1045.

Store in a cool, dry place.

Storage should be under lock and key and secure from access by unauthorized persons and children. Storage should be in a cool, dry area away from and heat or ignition source. ... Store in original container only.. /Captan 4L/

Safe Storage of Pesticides. Always store pesticides in their original containers, complete with labels that list ingredients, directions for use, and first aid steps in case of accidental poisoning. Never store pesticides in cabinets with or near food, animal feed, or medical supplies. Do not store pesticides in places where flooding is possible or in places where they might spill or leak into wells, drains, ground water, or surface water. /Residential users/

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Absorb liquid-containing captan in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or similar material. Ventilate area after cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.

Do not let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into containers; if appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place.

Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for CAPTAN (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:；Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. For Asbestos, avoid inhalation of dust. Cover spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Do not clean up or dispose of, except under supervision of a specialist.；SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.；SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.；LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Captan decomposes fairly readily in alkaline media (pH>8). It is hydrolytically stable at neutral or acid pH but decomposes when heated alone at its freezing/melting point. Alkaline hydrolysis is recommended.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for CAPTAN (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

Appropriate engineering controls: Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for CAPTAN (25 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:；IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.；SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.；FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Captan was detected in personal air samples obtained from an inhabitant of 4 of 9 homes in Jacksonville, Florida during August 1985; concentrations of captan in one personal air sample from a person living in a high-use house were 0.019 and 0.028 ug/cu m for two different days(1).

Carcinogenic and co-carcinogenic potential of captan following topical exposure was determined in female Swiss albino mice. Tumor-initiating properties of captan were examined in seven study groups: untreated controls; captan (single dose) plus 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-1 3-acetate (TPA); captan (multiple dose) plus TPA; 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) plus TPA; captan (single dose) plus acetone; captan (multiple dose) plus acetone; and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) plus TPA. Tumor-promoting activity was assessed in six of these groups, and complete carcinogenic activity was assessed in five groups: Untreated controls; benzo(a)pyrene; captan; DMSO; and acetone. Total treatment period was 52 weeks. Surviving mice were sacrificed at end of 1 year. Topical application of captan was found to cause initiation of mouse skin in a two-stage cancer initiation-promotion model. While single application of captan was insufficient to initiate skin tumor development in most mice, multiple exposure to captan resulted in cumulative incidence of 21 tumors, and DMBA plus TPA-treated mice had 90 tumors detected. In this report, captan failed to demonstrate any tumor-promoting or complete carcinogenic activity.

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard) age 16 days; oral >5000 ppm, 3-day diet ad libitum /Technical grade, 95% purity/

LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard Duck) age 3-4 months; oral via capsule >2000 mg/kg for 14 days

LC50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite quail) age 14 days; oral >2400 ppm, 6-day diet ad libitum /Technical grade, 95% purity/

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite quail) age 20 weeks; oral via capsule >2150 mg/kg for 14 days

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for CAPTAN (60 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 33-600(2), indicate that captan is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). However, in field studies at 6 different sites, captan was reported as relatively immobile to slightly mobile in soil(3). Volatilization of captan from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 7.0X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-8 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 5.1 mg/L(4). Captan is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2). (14)C-labeled captan was degraded 25% in 8 weeks using a Mexico-Putnam silt loam representative of claypan soils in north Missouri(5). In field studies using sterile and unsterile soil at pH 7 and 50% moisture content, captan, applied to a sandy loam, clay loam and sandy loam soil amended with peat had a reported half-life of 12-20, 5.5-5.9 and 7.7-8.9 days, respectively(6).

ECOSYSTEM: The disposition of (14)C-labeled captan was examined as a seed-protectant coating in a terrestrial microcosm chamber in comparison to a reference cmpd dieldrin. The terrestrial microcosm chamber contained a synthetic soil medium, agric crops, numerous invertebrates, and a gravid gray-tailed vole. By 45 days postplanting, total soil residues (parent + metabolites + bound residues) had declined from 3 ppm to 0.26 ppm, while parent residues became undetectable.

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 33-600(2), indicate that captan is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 7.0X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-8 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 5.1 mg/L(4). Captan is rapidly hydrolyzed at environmental pH values of 5 to 9; half-lives of 18.8 hrs, 4.9 hrs, and 8.3 min were measured in water at pH values of 5, 7, and 9, respectively(5). Based on this rapid hydrolysis rate(5), biodegradation in water is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF of 126 in bluegill sunfish(7), suggests the bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), captan, which has a vapor pressure of 9.0X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase captan is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone(SRC); the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 4.4 and 1.4 hours(SRC), calculated from respective rate constants of 8.8X10-11 and 2.0X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that were derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase captan may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Captan does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

In Total Diet Studies conducted by the US Food and Drug Administration for adults for each of the following time frames; Aug 1973-July 1974(1), Aug 1975-July 1976(2), Aug 1976-Sept 1977(3), Oct 1978 - Sept 1979(4), Oct 1979 - Sept 1980(5), and Oct 1980 - March 1982(6). Captan was not detected in dairy products, meat/fish/poultry, grain/cereal, potato, leafy vegetables, legume vegetables, root vegetables, garden fruits, sugar/adjuncts or beverages(1-6). Captan was detected in the following commodities:[Table#2543]

In Total Diet Studies conducted by the US Food and Drug Administration for infants conducted Oct 1979 - Sept 1980(1), and infants and toddlers conducted Oct 1980 - March 1982(2). Captan was not detected in drinking water, whole milk, other dairy, meat/fish/poultry, grain/cereal, fruit/fruit juices, oils/fats/ sugar/adjuncts or beverages(1,2). Captan was detected in the following commodities:[Table#2544]

Captan was detected 66 times in 13 different types of foods (average concentration 0.0835 ug/g) in a 10-year (1982 to 1991) accumulated frequency study of ready-to-eat foods through the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Revised Market Basket Study (37 market baskets, each containing 234 food items)(1). Captan was detected during the FDA's program for monitoring pesticide residues from 1978 to 1982 (49,877 samples)(2) and 1982 to 1986 (49,055 samples)(3). Captan was detected in 100 of 13,980 food samples collected by state food laboratories in 10 states during fiscal year (FY) 1988; one sample of the 100 detects was considered to contain captan at concentrations high enough for regulatory concern(4). Captan was detected in 145 of 13,085 food samples during a similar study conducted in FY 1989; 5 samples contained captan at concentrations high enough for regulatory concern(4). Captan was listed as one of the pesticide residues detected in a 1992 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) survey of domestic and imported foods(5).

Domestic commodities were tested by Agriculture Canada from April 1989 through December 1991; captan was detected in 100 of 13,230 samples (47 of 431 strawberries; 11 of 30 grapes, 5 of 42 fresh peaches, 4 of 324 beans, 4 of 74 blueberries, 27 of 843 apples, 1 of 210 carrots, 1 of 84 mushrooms) with 5 of these 100 samples containing concentrations which would result in a violation(1). Similarly, imported commodities were tested at the same time; captan was detected in 201 of 7823 samples (3 of 341 fresh lettuce, 17 of 48 strawberries; 130 of 449 grapes, 3 of 8 raspberries, 12 of 808 apples, 23 of 372 carrots, 2 of 17 fresh nectarine, 4 of 56 green onion, 4 of 481 fresh peppers, 3 of 19 fresh plums) with 28 of these 201 samples containing concentrations which would result in a violation(1). Of 2338 samples of Ontario, Canada-produced fruits and vegetables, collected between 1991 and 1995, 653 contained captan at <0.01 to >10 ug/g; 19 of the 653 positive samples had concentrations of captan which were high enough to violate maximum residue limits set by Health Canada(2). Captan was found in 3 out of 5 of the regional Canadian food composites in the fruit food group at 10-20 ppb(3). Captan was detected at 8 and 25 ng/g in samples of Katerini apples and Italia pears, respectively, grown in Greece(4). Captan was detected in 3 of 291 vegetable samples (Chinese cabbage) and 9 of 106 fruit samples (apple) in agricultural products monitored in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, for fiscal years 1995-1999(5). Captan residues in vegetables and fruits monitored in Sao Paulo City, Brazil, 1994-2001, were 0.01-14.64 mg/kg with a mean of 1.74 mg/kg; 270 of 2223 samples (carrot, cucumber, grape, guava, melon, papaya, peach, strawberry, tomato) were positive with 4 violating the allowable limit(6). Captan was not detected (detection limit 0.06 ug/uL) in 15 natural isotonic coconut water samples purchased in Brazil(7).

Captan was detected in the following Belgian food commodities(1):[Table#2545]

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.；Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.；ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

The CIR Expert Panel concludes that the available data are insufficient to support the safety of Captan as used in cosmetics.

Ingredients for which the data are insufficient and their use in cosmetics is not supported

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Captan is a white solid. Pure captan is odorless. The technical product is an amorphous powder which is colorless to beige with a pungent odor. Captan is a fungicide used to control diseases of many fruit and ornamental and vegetable crops. It is also used as a spray, root dip or seed treatment to protect young plants against rot and damping off. Captan is also used as a fungicide in wall paper pastes and in hormone rooting powders. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; blurred vision; dermatitis, skin sensitization; dyspnea; diarrhea, vomiting. Dermatitis and conjunctivitis have been noted. Captan has caused allergic dermatitis and eye irritation in man. Accidents among adult farm workers and secondary exposure of their children can occur. Common human exposure is by the oral, dermal and inhalation routes. In adult male with occupational exposure to captan, who had persistent erythema, itching and desquamation of the face and backs of the hand, skin testing revealed reaction to captan. Addition of 10 ug/mL captan for five hours to human embryonic lung cells L-132 resulted in a 50% reduction of DNA synthesis and a 40% increase in chromosomal breaks, mainly of the chromatid type. Captan induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in SV-40 transformed human VA-4 cells at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1 mM, with or without uninduced rat liver microsomal preparations. Negative results were obtained when human lung fibroblasts were exposed to 0.003-1 mM captan with or without uninduced mouse liver microsomal preparation. A small increase in unscheduled DNA synthesis was observed in human lymphocytes treated with 5 ug/mL captan (91.5 % pure). ANIMAL STUDIES: Evidence from animal experiments indicates that ingestion of large quantities may produce gastrointestinal effects such as diarrhea and vomiting. Studies in mice but not in rats have demonstrated a carcinogenic poten

USA Market basket surveys - adult average daily captan intake(1-5).[Table#2536]

USA Market basket surveys, infant and toddler average daily captan intake(1-5).[Table#2537]

The mean daily intake of captan in ng/kg body weight/day determined from FDA Total Diet Studies conducted in 1982-1984(1), 1984-1986(2) and 1986-1991(3), for the following age groups were:[Table#2538]

During 1991 through 1993, a total diet study conducted in Belgium indicated an average daily intake of 0.1 mg/kg/day, based on consumption of plant-based food stuffs(1).

Chemical: 1H-Isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity；Authoritative List - CA TACs; Prop 65；Report - regardless of intended function of ingredient in the product

Commission Regulation No 844/2012

Captan is listed in the dataset of EPA Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides under the Safe Drinking Water Act (40 eCFR 141)

07/5/EC, Reg. (EU) 2018/917, Reg. (EU) 2019/707, Reg. (EU) 2020/869, Reg. (EU) 2021/745, Reg. (EU) 2022/708, Reg. (EU) 2023/918, Reg. (EU) 2024/2186, Reg. (EU) No 540/2011

Status: Active Update: 01-06-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/12775

Tolerances are established for residues of the fungicide, captan (N-trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide) in or on the following commodities: [Table#2541]

Tolerances are established for the combined residues of the fungicide, captan (N-trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide) and its metabolite 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI), measured at THPI, in or on the following commodities: [Table#2542]

The Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document for captan was completed in September 1999 and a public comment period for the RED followed. The Environmental Protection Agency reviewed the public comments submitted and responded in a October 30, 2003 Captan Response to Comments document. Further, as a result of its review of the public comments the Agency is amending the 1999 Captan RED. ... The Agency has determined that products containing captan are eligible for reregistration provided the risk mitigation as outlined in the following items 1 through 8, the attached label table, and the 1999 Captan RED are implemented.

Based on the reviews of the generic data for the active ingredient captan, the Agency has sufficient information on the health effects of captan and on its potential for causing adverse effects in fish, wildlife, and the environment. The Agency has determined that captan products, labeled and used as specified in this Reregistration Eligibility Decision, will not pose unreasonable risks of adverse effects to humans or the environment. Therefore, the Agency concludes that products containing captan are eligible for reregistration, subject to the terms and conditions of this RED, except for those with uses on turf and aerially-applied wettable powder formulations. Products applied to turf at sod farms or golf courses are eligible for reregistration; uses at all other turf sites are being voluntarily cancelled. Wettable powder formulations that are applied aerially are eligible for reregistration, provided either: 1) the products are packaged in water soluble packaging; or 2) the application rates are reduced to a level that is no higher than 1.2 lb ai/A.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Captan is found on List A, which contains most pesticides that are used on foods and, hence, have a high potential for human exposure. List A consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA '88. Case No: 0120; Pesticide type: fungicide; Registration Standard Date: 03/06/86; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the RED (Reregistration Eligibility Decision) document.; Active ingredient (AI): captan; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 03/03/95, 10/13/95; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide have made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Captan is included on this list.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV.D.3.b).

Captan is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

(AZ) ARIZONA 91 ug/L

(CA) CALIFORNIA 1.5 ug/L

(FL) FLORIDA 250 ug/L

(ME) MAINE 146 ug/L

The dermal penetration of (14)C-Iabeled captan was studied in young and adult rats ... . Dermal absorption was biphasic, with at least 93% of dose having a half-life on the skin of at least 1000 hours.

The degradation of captan (purity, 79.9%) during incubation with human blood was investigated. Captan at a concentration of about 1 ug/mL was mixed with blood at 37 °C. At various time-points ranging from 0 to 31 s the reaction was terminated by adding phosphoric acid and acetone. Degradation of captan and formation of THPI was measured. Captan was metabolized rapidly to THPI. The calculated half-life was 0.97 s. Mass spectrometry revealed that THPI was the only degradation product.

... The very short half-lives of captan and thiophosgene in blood (0.9 and 0.6 seconds, respectively) show these compounds will not reach the fetus directly when orally ingested, but THPI is likely to. ...

Following oral exposure, captan fungicides are rapidly metabolized in the body to yield two metabolites that can be measured in the urine: tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI) and thiazolidine-2-thione-4-carboxilic acid (TTCA). Both are considered useful biomarkers for occupational exposure.

Extensive studies of captan have shown that it is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, rapidly metabolized, and eliminated from the body. The probable metabolic pathways of both the tetrahydrophthalimide and trichloromethylthio moieties have been elucidated. In rats, the tetrahydrophthalimide moiety is excreted, 92% in 48 hr and 97% in 96 hr (85% in the urine and 12 in the feces. The trichloromethylthio moiety is converted to thiophosgene, which is further metabolized to thiazolidine-2-thione-4-carboxylic acid, which is excreted in the urine of orally dosed rats; carbon dioxide is also a product of the metabolism of thiophosgene through the intermediate formation of carbonyl sulfide. Thiophosgene is also detoxified by sulfites present in the gut and is excreted in the urine of orally dosed rats to yield dithiobis(methanesulfonic acid) and its disulfide monooxide derivative.

Captan is metabolized in vitro by liver mixed-function oxidases to carbonyl sulfide, suggesting a pathway similar to that which occurs in vivo.

Degradation in the gut appears to play a major role in the metabolism of captan. The toxic metabolite thiophosgene is produced from the trichloromethylthio moiety of the molecule in the presence of cellular thiol compounds. It is further metabolized to thiazolidine-2-thione-4-carboxylic acid, which is excreted in the urine of orally doses rats; carbon dioxide is also a product of the metabolism of thiophosgene with the intermediate formation of carbonyl sulfide (23% of the administered radiocarbon is expired as (14)CO2). Thiophosgene is also detoxified by sulfites present in the gut and is excreted in the urine of orally dosed rats to yield dithiobis(methanesulfonic acid) and its disulfide monooxide derivative.

For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for CAPTAN (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Captan and folpet are two fungicides largely used in agriculture, but biomonitoring data are mostly limited to measurements of captan metabolite concentrations in spot urine samples of workers, which complicate interpretation of results in terms of internal dose estimation, daily variations according to tasks performed, and most plausible routes of exposure. This study aimed at performing repeated biological measurements of exposure to captan and folpet in field workers (i) to better assess internal dose along with main routes-of-entry according to tasks and (ii) to establish most appropriate sampling and analysis strategies. The detailed urinary excretion time courses of specific and non-specific biomarkers of exposure to captan and folpet were established in tree farmers (n = 2) and grape growers (n = 3) over a typical workweek (seven consecutive days), including spraying and harvest activities. The impact of the expression of urinary measurements [excretion rate values adjusted or not for creatinine or cumulative amounts over given time periods (8, 12, and 24 hr)] was evaluated. Absorbed doses and main routes-of-entry were then estimated from the 24-hr cumulative urinary amounts through the use of a kinetic model. The time courses showed that exposure levels were higher during spraying than harvest activities. Model simulations also suggest a limited absorption in the studied workers and an exposure mostly through the dermal route. It further pointed out the advantage of expressing biomarker values in terms of body weight-adjusted amounts in repeated 24-hr urine collections as compared to concentrations or excretion rates in spot samples, without the necessity for creatinine corrections.

Extensive studies of captan have shown that it is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, rapidly metabolized, and eliminated from the body. The probable metabolic pathways of both the tetrahydrophthalimide and trichloromethylthio moieties have been elucidated. In rats, the tetrahydrophthalimide moiety is excreted, 92% in 48 hr and 97% in 96 hr (85% in the urine and 12 in the feces. The trichloromethylthio moiety is converted to thiophosgene, which is further metabolized to thiazolidine-2-thione-4-carboxylic acid, which is excreted in the urine of orally dosed rats; carbon dioxide is also a product of the metabolism of thiophosgene through the intermediate formation of carbonyl sulfide. Thiophosgene is also detoxified by sulfites present in the gut and is excreted in the urine of orally dosed rats to yield dithiobis(methanesulfonic acid) and its disulfide monooxide derivative.

Captan is rapidly absorbed from GI tract and rapidly /metabolized/ in the blood. It does not accumulate in tissues and reacts readily with thiol-containing compounds.

After an oral dose of (35)S-captan, more than 90% of the radioactivity was excreted in the feces and urine within 24 hours, and almost 100 % within 3 days; 0.01-0.05% of the radioactivity was detected in organs or incorporated in proteins and nucleic acids.

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for CAPTAN (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

CIR ingredient: Captan

Captan is predominantly used in agriculture as a fungicide on a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals on plant seeds, and also on food crop packaging boxes.

The thiophthalimides are widely used fungicides on seeds, field crops, and stored produce; [EPA Pesticides] Captan is also used as a biocide in paints, polishes, shampoos, and cosmetics. [Kanerva, p. 1765] No longer used as a fungicide in hair-care products; [Kanerva, p. 1516]

Most uses on food crops were cancelled by the EPA in 1989 [EXTOXNET]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For captan (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 081301) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

... Bis-(trichloromethyl) disulfide is an impurity found in technical /grade/ captan.

One sample of technical-grade captan was 96% pure, with the remainder consisting of sodium chloride, water and tetrahydrophthalimide.

(1977) 5.41X10+7 G (PRINCPL CUSTMS DISTS)

(1982) 2.76X10+8 G (PRINCPL CUSTMS DISTS)

(1983) 1.22X10+5 lb

FUNGICIDE FOR APPLES, 45%; OTHER DECIDUOUS FRUIT, 33%; SEED TREATMENT OF FIELD CROPS, 16%; VEGETABLES, 3%; OTHER FIELD CROPS, 2%; SEED TREATMENT OF VEGETABLES, 1% (1982-AGRICULTURAL USES ONLY).

(Thousand kg/year): 22.7-68.1 in pastes, principally for wallpaper; 4.5-22.7 in paint for greenhouses, medical facilities, food-packaging plants, etc; 22.7-68.1 in textiles such as vinyl-coated fabrics, vinyl car roofs and synthetic turf; < 0.45 in lacquers, in paper and in rubber stabilizers; and 0.45-4.5 in plasticizers, in polyethylene (used for garbage bags and pond liners), & in vinyl resins used as precursors of vinyl. /Non-agricultural uses/

Captan is produced by reaction of 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide with trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride (perchloromethylmercaptan) in the presence of sodium hydroxide.

Reaction of perchloromethyl mercaptan with tetrahydrophthalimide in the presence of sodium hydroxide.

The National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (NPIRS) identifies 12 companies with active labels for products containing the chemical captan. To view the complete list of companies, product names and percent captan in formulated products click the following url and enter the CAS Registry number in the Active Ingredient field.

Bonide A Complete Fruit Tree Spray (Bonide Products, Inc.): Active Ingredients: carbaryl 0.3%; malathion 6.0%; and captan 11.76%.

Bonide Captan Wettable (Bonide Products, Inc.): Active Ingredient: captan 48.93%.

Four Way Peanut Feed Treatment Fungicide (Bayer Cropscience LP): Active Ingredients: Captan 49.0%; thiophanate-methyl 13.6%; metalaxyl 0.8%; and trifloxystrobin 2.0%.

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for CAPTAN (35 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Bactericides, Fungicides

Environmental transformation -> Pesticides (parent, predecessor)

FUNGICIDES

1H-Isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-: ACTIVE

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies captan as unlikely to present an acute hazard in normal use; Main Use: fungicide, other than for seed treatment.