펜타나트륨 펜텐산

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ When bluegill of avg wt 0.74 g and avg length 34 mm were exposed to versenex 80 (40% ai) for 96 hr at 22 °C, the LC50 was 1115 mg/L (95% confidence limit 1005-1250 mg/L).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Addition of pentasodium pentetate after exposure of carp to 0.01, 0.05, or 0.1 ppm cadmium produced decreases in mortality. Complexan-metal groups generally exhibited striking increase with concentration of metal in each part of fish in comparison with the metal alone.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ...Pentasodium pentetate is nonirritating to moderately irritating, but not a sensitizer in clinical tests. A human comedogenicity (acne promotion) test using pentasodium pentetate found no effect ...Overall, these data were considered sufficient to support the safety of pentesodium pentetate ...as used in cosmetics.

/CASE REPORTS/ In previous clinical studies, three deaths were reported in patients with severe hemochromatosis who were treated with daily IM Ca-DTPA dosed up to 4 gram per day to reduce iron stores. One patient became comatose and died after receiving a total of 14 gram Ca-DTPA, and the other two died after two weeks of daily treatment. Causal association with these events and the drug has not been established. /Ca-DTPA/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Comparative studies on the translocation and retention of intramuscularly (i.m.) injected thorium nitrate (234Th 46 ng + 232Th 5 microg per rat) in solutions of citrate, CaDTPA or citrate + CaDTPA in rats have been conducted. Results showed that only thorium in mixed-ligand solution was entirely translocated from the muscle, with the greatest part being excreted from the body. In this case, the whole-body retention of thorium decreased to 16% of the injected radioactivity within 2 d, 13% being retained in the skeleton. Studies on the decorporation of 234Th + 232Th nitrates from a rat wound simulated with i.m. injection have also been carried out. The greatest translocation of thorium and its excretion was achieved with a single local injection of the mixed-ligand (citrate + CaDTPA) solution when compared with those of citrate or CaDTPA alone. The efficiency of mixed-ligand treatment decreased with its delay. On day 2 post-therapy, the whole-body content of thorium decreased to 30, 37 and 55% of injected radioactivity when the local treatment started immediately, postponed to 1 h or 24 h, after i.m. injection of thorium, respectively. In control rats without treatment, there was only a slight decrease in the content of thorium in the whole body /CaDTPA/.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Ca-DTPA forms stable chelates with metal ions by exchanging calcium for a metal of greater binding capacity. The radioactive chelates are then excreted by glomerular filtration into the urine. In animal studies, Ca-DTPA forms less stable chelates with uranium and neptunium in vivo resulting in the deposition of these elements in tissues including the bone. Ca-DTPA treatments are not expected to be effective for uranium and neptunium. Radioactive iodine is not bound by DTPA. /Ca-DTPA/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In a 4-week dermal toxicity study, daily topical application of 0.05% pentasodium pentetate to shaved and abraded rabbit skin produced moderate erythema after the first week and throughout the study, but no systemic toxicity. Pentasodium pentetate or pentapotassium pentetate applied to intact albino rabbit skin were not irritating. ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ ...Subchronic inhalation evaluation of a bath freshener containing 0.05% or 0.09% pentasodium pentetate using albino rats determined that there was no cumulative systemic toxicity attributable to the ingredient at either concentration.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ /Groups of 25 pregnant female Wistar rats were given Pentasodium pentetate by gavage at concentrations of 100, 400, 1000 mg/kg/day from day 6 to 15 of pregnancy./ ... In the highest dose group, maternal toxicity was observed. Maternal bw gain and feed intake was reduced. The weight of the uteri was reduced. ... Resorption and post implantative ovary egg cells loss slightly increased. Weight of embryos of progeny in this group was reduced. 15.4% of embryos/liter in the highest dose group showed deformations particularly skeletal deformations. The incidence of fetal deformations and fetal retardations was increased in the highest dose group. Significantly increased rate of fetuses with skeletal retardations were also observed (63.8% affected fetuses/liter vs. 47.8% affected fetuses/litter in the control group).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ In mice, Ca-DTPA has been shown to be teratogenic and embryocidal following five daily injections of 720-2880 umol Ca-DTPA/kg (2- 8 times the recommended daily human dose of 1 gram based on body surface area (BSA) adjusted dose) given during any period of gestation. The frequency of gross malformations (e.g., exencephaly, spina bifida, and cleft palate) increased with dose, with higher susceptibility in early and mid gestation. Five daily doses of 360 umol Ca-DTPA/kg in mice, approximately equivalent to the recommended daily human dose (based on BSA) produced no harmful effects. /Ca-DTPA/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PENTASODIUM PENTETATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Multiple doses of Ca-DTPA could result in an increased risk for adverse reproductive outcomes and thus are not recommended during pregnancy. Therefore, treatment of pregnant women should begin and continue with Zn-DTPA, if available, except in cases of high internal radioactive contamination. In these cases, the risk of immediate and delayed radiation-induced toxicity to both the mother and the fetus should be considered in comparison to the risk of Ca-DTPA toxicity. Also, because Ca-DTPA is more effective than Zn-DTPA in the first 24 hours after internal contamination, it may be appropriate to use a single dose of Ca-DTPA with vitamin or mineral supplements that contain zinc as the initial treatment. /Ca-DTPA/

Nebulized chelation therapy may be associated with exacerbation of asthma. Caution should be exercised when administering Ca-DTPA by the inhalation route. /Ca-DTPA/

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of pentasodium pentetate is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 39,005 workers (20,673 of these were female) were potentially exposed to pentasodium pentetate in the US(1).

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

LD50 Mouse ip 585 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rat oral 4550 mg/kg bw