Ethyl formate → Glycine, N-formyl-N-methyl-, methyl ester

Ethyl formate (850 mL) was added to sarcosine methyl ester HCl salt (205 g, 1.46 mol, grounded into powder prior to use), potassium carbonate (205 g, 1.48 mol), and EtOH (800 mL, stirred overnight at rt, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in a rotary evaporator during which the residue separated into two layers. The upper layer was separated and the lower layer was extracted with EA. Combined EA extracts and the upper layer were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to yield 185 g (81%) of N-formyl sarcosine methyl ester which was used for the following reaction. NaH (60% oil suspension, 16.0 g, 0.4 mol) was carefully added in several portions in 1 h to a mixture of N-formyl sarcosine methyl ester (50 g, 0.34 mol) and ethyl formate (160 mL) cooled in an ice-water bath. The reaction mixture was stirred, the temperature raised to rt, and the stirring continued overnight. The reaction mixture was triturated twice with hexane (100 mL each time), the residue dissolved in EtOH (100 mL) and concentrated HCl (60 mL), and the reaction mixture stirred at 110° C. After 1 h, the reaction mixture was cooled, filtered, the residue washed with EtOH and the filtrate concentrated to yield a thick brown oil. The oil was added to 10% HOAc in water (200 mL), NH2CN (35 g) and sodium acetate (90 g), stirred at 95° C. After 1 h the reaction mixture was concentrated to ⅓ its original volume in a rotary evaporator and its pH adjusted to about 9 by addition of sodium carbonate. The reaction mixture was then extracted with EA (8×100 mL), the combined EA layers dried, filtered, and concentrated to yield a residue which was purified by recrystallization to yield 1-N-methyl-2-amino imidazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (“amino ester”).