Ammonia → Triammonium citrate dextrose

HRID 1397644Notes

Reaction equation

HRID 1397644 reaction equation
O.[O:2]=[CH:3][C@@H:4]([C@H:6]([C@@H:8]([C@@H:10]([CH2:12][OH:13])[OH:11])[OH:9])[OH:7])[OH:5].[C:14]([OH:26])(=[O:25])[CH2:15][C:16]([CH2:21][C:22]([OH:24])=[O:23])([C:18]([OH:20])=[O:19])[OH:17].[NH3:27].[SiH4]>O>[C:14]([O-:26])(=[O:25])[CH2:15][C:16]([CH2:21][C:22]([O-:24])=[O:23])([C:18]([O-:20])=[O:19])[OH:17].[NH4+:27].[NH4+:27].[NH4+:27].[O:2]=[CH:3][C@@H:4]([C@H:6]([C@@H:8]([C@@H:10]([CH2:12][OH:13])[OH:11])[OH:9])[OH:7])[OH:5]

Participants

6

Reactant 4

HCID 222AmmoniaHCID 311Citric AcidHCID 23953SilaneHCID 22814120Glucose Monohydrate

Product 1

HCID 86610305Triammonium citrate dextrose

Reagents, catalysts & solvents 1

HCID 962WaterSolvent

Procedure

Aqueous triammonium citrate-dextrose (1:6) binders were prepared by the following general procedure: Powdered dextrose monohydrate (915 g) and powdered anhydrous citric acid (152.5 g) were combined in a 1-gallon reaction vessel to which 880 g of distilled water was added. To this mixture were added 265 g of 19% aqueous ammonia with agitation, and agitation was continued for several minutes to achieve complete dissolution of solids. To the resulting solution were added 3.3 g of SILQUEST A-1101 silane to produce a pH˜8-9 solution (using pH paper), which solution contained approximately 50% dissolved dextrose monohydrate and dissolved ammonium citrate solids (as a percentage of total weight of solution); a 2-g sample of this solution, upon thermal curing at 400° F. for 30 minutes, would yield 30% solids (the weight loss being attributed to dehydration during thermoset binder formation). Where a silane other than SILQUEST A-1101 was included in the triammonium citrate-dextrose (1:6) binder, substitutions were made with SILQUEST A-187 Silane, HYDROSIL 2627 Silane, or Z-6020 Silane. When additives were included in the triammonium citrate-dextrose (1:6) binder to produce binder variants, the standard solution was distributed among bottles in 300-g aliquots to which individual additives were then supplied.

Workup

  1. additionwas added
  2. waitwas continued for several minutes
  3. dissolutiondissolution of solids

Sources & evidence

ORD record
ord-8ca262994fe04968b6c418ec77aeaaf2
Source dataset
uspto-grants-2014_12
Patent number
US08901208B2

Reaction notes

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