Chloride → Citric Acid

HRID 1606883Notes

Reaction equation

HRID 1606883 reaction equation
[Sn].[Cl-].[C:3]([OH:12])(=[O:11])[CH:4]([CH:6]([C:8]([OH:10])=[O:9])[OH:7])O>[Pd].[Cu]>[C:8]([OH:10])(=[O:9])[CH2:6][C:6]([CH2:4][C:3]([OH:12])=[O:11])([C:8]([OH:10])=[O:9])[OH:7]

Participants

6

Reactant 3

HCID 312ChlorideHCID 8752,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic AcidHCID 5352426Tin atom

Product 1

HCID 311Citric Acid

Reagents, catalysts & solvents 2

HCID 23938PalladiumCatalyst2×HCID 23978CopperCatalyst

Procedure

An activator bath of this invention in its preferred embodiment, comprising 0.0597 gm./l. palladium and 3 gm./l. tin, chloride normality of 3.6N, 7.5 gm./l. tartaric acid and 3.0 gm./l. citric acid was prepared. Copper clad laminates were subjected to the plating process of this invention. Analysis verified that the bath contained 0.0597 gm./l. palladium and 3 gm./l. stannous ion. Absorption data showed 0.8 mg./sq. cm. palladium and 2076 mg./sq. cm. tin on the substrate after activation. Good copper coverage and no voids were found after electroless copper plating.

Workup

  1. customAn activator bath of this invention in its preferred embodiment, comprising
  2. customAbsorption data

Sources & evidence

ORD record
ord-12699b70ca7c479f8d91267b2da777f8
Source dataset
uspto-grants-1989_09
Patent number
US04863758

Reaction notes

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