HomeMCPWorkbenchSkills
HomeWorkbenchNotificationsMe
llms.txt · MCP GuidePrivacy Policy · Terms of Service · Supportv1.8.0
  1. Home
  2. /Compound

Chloride

HCID 312
New noteNew reactionRequest quotes
Print preview
Basic informationOverviewNames & identifiersPropertiesSafety & regulationChemistry & industryRelated reactionsCompound notes
Substructure searchFind similar structures

Basic information

CAS
131500-00-0
Standard SMILES
[Cl-]
InChIKey
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Molecular formula
Cl-
Average molar mass
35.45 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass
34.9688527

Overview

Chloride is a halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. It has a role as a cofactor, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a halide anion and a monoatomic chlorine. It is a conjugate base of a hydrogen chloride.

Names & identifiers

Preferred name
Chloride
IUPAC
chloride
English name
.beta.-D-Galactopyranoside, 4-hydroxybutyl
Molecular weight
0

Names & synonyms

chloridechloride ion16887-00-6Chloride(1-)Chloride (ion)ChloridesChloride ionsChlorine anionQ32ZN48698DTXSID6043969CHEBI:17996Ion Level, Chloride
Show more names
.beta.-D-Galactopyranoside, 4-hydroxybutyl
Level, Chloride IonChlorine-RefChem:58383DTXCID4023969690-375-2Chloride anionPerchlorideChlorine, ion

Database identifiers

CAS
131500-00-0、139512-37-1、16887-00-6
PubChem CID
312
DTXSID
DTXSID6043969
ChEBI
CHEBI:17996
UNII
Q32ZN48698
EC Number
690-375-2
Nikkaji
J202.845J

Properties

Computed structural properties

XLogP
0.8
Topological polar surface area
0 Ų
Hydrogen bond donors
0
Hydrogen bond acceptors
1
Rotatable bonds
0
Heavy atoms
1
Formal charge
-1
Complexity
0

Experimental & physicochemical properties

Chemical ClassesMajor ion
Solubility6.3 mg/mL at 25 °C
Melting Point-101 °C
Physical DescriptionLiquid

Safety & regulation

Safety information is for reference only and does not replace the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS), applicable regulations, or professional assessment.

GHS classification

GHS Classification · 6 items

Warning

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

P261, P272, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 100% (3 of 3) of all reports.

Not Classified

Aggregated GHS information provided per 3 reports by companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Hazard information

Regulatory Information · 5 items

Hazard Traits - Environmental tox

Directive (EC) No 46/2002

Cadmium manganese mercury telluride (Cd0.2Mn0.04Hg0.76Te): Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

.beta.-D-Galactopyranoside, 4-hydroxybutyl: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Chloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

Hazard Classes and Categories · 3 items

Not Classified

Skin sensitisation - category 1

Skin Sens. 1

Safety & protection

Protective Action Criteria (PAC) · 3 items

1.8 [ppm]

22 [ppm]

100 [ppm]

Toxicology

Chemistry & industry

Pharmacology

Metabolism/Metabolites · 1 item

In humans, 88% of chloride is extracellular and contributes to the osmotic activity of body fluids. The electrolyte balance in the body is maintained by adjusting total dietary intake and by excretion via the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract. Chloride is almost completely absorbed in normal individuals, mostly from the proximal half of the small intestine. Normal fluid loss amounts to about 1.5–2 litres/day, together with about 4 g of chloride per day. Most (90– 95%) is excreted in the urine, with minor amounts in faeces (4–8%) and sweat (2%). A normal adult human body contains approximately 81.7 g chloride. On the basis of a total obligatory loss of chloride of approximately 530 mg/day, a dietary intake for adults of 9 mg of chloride per kg of body weight has been recommended.

Tissue LocationsAll Tissues
Cellular LocationsCytoplasm
Metabolite PathwaysAmiloride Action Pathway

Uses & manufacturing

UsesChloride is found in table salt as well as most foods. Chloride is an essential element or micronutrient and helps keep the body’s electrolyte balance.
Additional notes · 1 item

DefinitionChEBI: Chloride is a halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. It has a role as a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a cofactor. It is a halide anion and a monoatomic chlorine. It is a conjugate base of a hydrogen chloride.

Related reactions

22,263 records
New reaction record
HRID 1273 reaction equation
HRID 1273As reactantuspto-grants-1998_03
HRID 3053 reaction equation
HRID 3053As reactantuspto-grants-1998_03
HRID 5061 reaction equation
HRID 5061As reactantuspto-grants-1993_09
HRID 5648 reaction equation
HRID 5648As reactantuspto-grants-1993_09
HRID 7818 reaction equation
HRID 7818As reactantuspto-grants-2006_08
HRID 11967 reaction equation
HRID 11967As reactantuspto-grants-2006_08
HRID 12127 reaction equation
HRID 12127As productuspto-grants-2010_06
HRID 12154 reaction equation
HRID 12154As productuspto-grants-2010_06
Page 1 of 500

Compound notes

Loading…

On this pageBasic informationOverviewNames & identifiersPropertiesSafety & regulationChemistry & industryRelated reactionsCompound notes
More actions
New noteNew reactionRequest quotes
Treatment · 1 item

As with most types of electrolyte imbalance, the treatment of high blood chloride levels is based on correcting the underlying cause. If the patient is dehydrated, therapy consists of establishing and maintaining adequate hydration. If the condition is caused or exacerbated by medications or treatments, these may be altered or discontinued, if deemed prudent. If there is underlying kidney disease (which is likely if there are other electrolyte disturbances), then the patient will be referred to a nephrologist for further care. If there is an underlying dysfunction of the endocrine or hormone system, the patient will likely be referred to an endocrinologist for further assessment.

Health Effects · 1 item

The oral ingestion of larger quantities of sodium chloride, eg 1000 g in 600 mL of water, is harmful and can induce irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, vomiting, hypernatremia, respiratory distress, convulsions, and death. Hyperchloremia can also occur due to loss of body fluids from prolonged vomiting, sweating or fever, kidney failure, kidney disorders or diabetes. Hyperchloremia is associated with deep and labored breathing, weakness, and intense thirst. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by alterations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTCR) gene that result in deranged sodium and chloride ion transport channels. This leads to the production of very salty sweat and the excessive production of mucous in the lungs. More than 100 genetic diseases or inborn errors of metabolism are associated with electrolyte (i.e. chloride) imbalances.

Exposure RoutesInhalation (L247) ; dermal (L247)
Toxicity Summary · 1 item

Chloride imbalances can lead to electrolyte and pH imbalances. Excessive chloride in the blood is known as hyperchloremia. Often hyperchloremia is associated with excessive intakes of dietary chloride, which only occur with the ingestion of large amounts of salt and potassium chloride (hypernatremia). Hyperchloremia can also occur due to loss of body fluids from prolonged vomiting, sweating or fever, kidney failure, kidney disorders or diabetes. The amount of chloride in the blood is carefully controlled by the kidneys. Chloride toxicity has not been observed in humans except in the special case of impaired sodium chloride metabolism, e.g. in congestive heart failure.

Signs and SymptomsHyperchloremia can be symptomatic with signs of deep and labored breathing (often associated with severe metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but also renal failure), weakness, and intense thirst.
Carcinogen ClassificationNo indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)
USGS Health-Based Screening Levels for Evaluating Water-Quality · 4 items

Chloride

00940

Major ion

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP