Potassium Carbonate → 2,3-Difluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine

HRID 1633348Notes

Reaction equation

HRID 1633348 reaction equation
C([O-])([O-])=O.[K+].[K+].[F-:7].[Cs+].Cl[C:10]1[C:11]([F:20])=[N:12][CH:13]=[C:14]([C:16]([F:19])([F:18])[F:17])[CH:15]=1>CS(C)=O>[F:20][C:11]1[C:10]([F:7])=[CH:15][C:14]([C:16]([F:19])([F:18])[F:17])=[CH:13][N:12]=1

Participants

5

Reactant 3

HCID 11430Potassium CarbonateHCID 25953Cesium fluorideHCID 12680753-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine

Product 1

HCID 134215472,3-Difluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine

Reagents, catalysts & solvents 1

HCID 679Dimethyl SulfoxideSolvent2×

Conditions

Temperature
65 °C

Procedure

A 100 ml 4-neck round bottom flask, containing a magnetic stir bar and fitted with a thermometer, nitrogen inlet and distillation condenser, was charged with 75 ml of DMSO, 0.5 g of anhydrous K2CO3 and 22.8 g (0.15 mole) of CsF. The reaction mixture was heated to 115° C. at 57 mm Hg so that about 20 ml of DMSO was distilled to dry the reaction mixture. The light yellow reaction mixture was cooled to 65° C. and 20 g (0.1 mole) of 3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine was added through a pressure equalizing addition funnel which replaced the distillation condenser. After a dry ice condenser was attached to the flask the reaction temperature was maintained at 105°-115° C. for 46.5 hours with constant agitation. The reaction mixture was black with dark solids on the sides of the flask. A short path distillation condenser was attached to the flask and 13 g of crude product was collected in a receiver, which was cooled in a dry ice/acetone bath (pressure=210 mm Hg; temperature (overhead)=85°-130° C.; temperature (pot)=125°-160° C). This crude product was extracted with water to remove any residual DMSO and dried over 4Å molecular sieves (11.5 g crude product; 11 g crude product after drying). The product was then transferred to a 25 ml round bottom flask and distilled at 102° C. (uncorrected)/760 mm Hg through a Vigreaux® column resulting in 9.3 g of substantially pure 2,3-difluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine. The isolated yield of desired product was calculated to be 48.4% of theoretical. The structure of the product was confirmed by its nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Elemental analysis results for the product were:

Workup

  1. additionA 100 ml 4-neck round bottom flask, containing a magnetic stir bar
  2. customfitted with a thermometer, nitrogen inlet and distillation condenser
  3. distillationwas distilled
  4. customto dry the reaction mixture
  5. additionaddition funnel which
  6. customAfter a dry ice condenser was attached to the flask
  7. temperaturethe reaction temperature was maintained at 105°-115° C. for 46.5 hours with constant agitation
  8. distillationA short path distillation condenser
  9. customwas collected in a receiver, which
  10. temperaturewas cooled in a dry ice/acetone bath (pressure=210 mm Hg; temperature (overhead)=85°-130° C.; temperature (pot)=125°-160° C)
  11. extractionThis crude product was extracted with water
  12. customto remove any residual DMSO
  13. dry with materialdried over 4Å molecular sieves (11.5 g crude product; 11 g crude product after drying)
  14. customThe product was then transferred to a 25 ml round bottom flask
  15. distillationdistilled at 102° C. (uncorrected)/760 mm Hg through a Vigreaux® column

Sources & evidence

ORD record
ord-c188826cea2546b18f2fd80aab10f97e
Source dataset
uspto-grants-1984_10
Patent number
US04480102

Reaction notes

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