Ammonia → Ammonium

HRID 1740710Notes

Reaction equation

HRID 1740710 reaction equation
[C:1]([OH:8])(=[O:7])/[CH:2]=[CH:3]/[C:4]([OH:6])=[O:5].[OH-].[Na+].[S:11]([O-:15])([O-:14])(=[O:13])=[O:12].[Ca+2:16].C([O-])(=O)/C=C/C([O-])=O.[C:25](=[O:28])([O-:27])[O-:26].[NH3:29].S([O-])([O-])(=O)=O>>[C:25](=[O:26])([O-:28])[O-:27].[Ca+2:16].[S:11]([O-:15])([O-:14])(=[O:13])=[O:12].[C:1]([O-:8])(=[O:7])/[CH:2]=[CH:3]/[C:4]([O-:6])=[O:5].[NH4+:29]

Participants

11

Reactant 7

HCID 222AmmoniaHCID 1117Sulfate IonHCID 14798Sodium HydroxideHCID 19660Carbonate IonHCID 24497Calcium SulfateHCID 444972Fumaric Acid2×HCID 5460307Fumarate2×

Product 4

HCID 223AmmoniumHCID 1117Sulfate IonHCID 10112Calcium CarbonateHCID 5460307Fumarate

Procedure

Thomsen (U.S. Pat. No. 3,030,276) describes the manufacture of fumaric acid from lignified cellulose which comprises; digesting said lignified cellulose with a solution of caustic soda under the conventional limitations as to alkali concentration, time and. temperature, until substantially all the non-cellulose portion shall have been dissolved; separating the spent cooking liquor for subsequent conventional regeneration and recycling to said digestion step from the cellulose residual and saccharifying the latter with dilute sulphuric acid under the conventional limitations as-to acid concentration, time and temperature; commingling the resultant sugar solution with a recirculated excess of calcium carbonate produced in a subsequent step and with a micro-organism suitable for the conversion of sugar into fumaric acid; commingling the resultant mixture of calcium sulphate, fumarate and carbonate with sufficient carbonated ammonia to decompose all such sulphate and fumarate forming calcium carbonate and sulphate and fumarate of ammonium; separating and recycling such calcium carbonate and evaporating the resultant solution to substantial saturation and acidifying said solution of ammonium sulphate and ammonium fumarate with the stoichiometric amount of sulphuric acid to decompose all resident fumarate and crystallizing out the liberated fumaric acid from the residual solution of ammonium sulphate.

Workup

  1. concentrationas to alkali concentration, time
  2. dissolutiontemperature, until substantially all the non-cellulose portion shall have been dissolved
  3. customseparating the spent cooking liquor for subsequent conventional regeneration and recycling
  4. concentrationacid concentration, time and temperature
  5. customproduced in a subsequent step

Sources & evidence

ORD record
ord-46642f7977c645eea271e2cce69f00c4
Source dataset
uspto-grants-1999_10
Patent number
US05972662

Reaction notes

Loading…