Phthalic Anhydride → 3-Nitrophthalic acid

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Reaction Steps

3-Chlorophthalic anhydride can also be prepared from 3-nitrophthalic anhydride by replacement of the nitro group by chlorine. The 3-nitrophthalic anhydride needed for this is prepared in three process steps by nitration of phthalic anhydride in moderate yield, by isomer separation of the nitrophthalic acids formed, by fractional crystallization and by conversion to the anhydride of the 3-nitrophthalic acid obtained (M. S. Newman, P. G. Scheurer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 78 (1956), 5005; Organic Syntheses, Coil. Vol. 1 (1932), 399-401). This multistage and complicated route, which additionally gives poor yields, is not very suitable for industrial use.

Provenance & Evidence