Magnesium Chloride

2.32

2.3 g/cm³

2.325 @25 °C

Thin white to gray granules and/or flakes

LUSTROUS HEXAGONAL CRYSTALS

Soft leaflets

Colorless or white crystals

Very soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol

7.40 g/100 ml of alcohol @ 20 °C; 72.7 g/100 ml water @ 100 °C

In methanol, 15.5 g/100 g @ 0 °C, 20.4 g/100 g @ 60 °C; in ethanol, 3.61 g/100 g @ 0 °C, 15.89 g/100 g @ 60 °C

In water, 54.6 g/100 g @ 20 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 54.3

1,412 °C

1412 °C

1412 °C @760 [mm Hg]

When heated to decomp ... emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.

712 °C (rapid heating)

712 °C (rapid heating)

714 °C

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.675, 1.59

Wet Solid; Other Solid; Dry Powder; CBI; Large Crystals; Dry Powder; Other Solid; Liquid

Colourless, odourless, very deliquescent flakes or crystals

White to gray deliquescent solid; heat evolved when dissolves in water; [Sax]

DELIQUESCENT WHITE SOLID IN VARIOUS FORMS.

Slow heating releases chlorine @ 300 °C; attacks fused silica when melted; easily forms alcoholates and etherates; deliquencent crystals; at 100 °C loses 2 H2O (17.7%); at 110 °C begins to lose some HCl; by strong ignition is converted into oxychloride.

Deliquescent

Heat of fusion: 34.3 kJ/mol; specific heat: 1.415 kJ/kg-K @ 48.6 °C, 1.537 kJ/kg-K @ 100 °C

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 60.6% (969 of 1600) of all reports.

Danger

H290 (27.6%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]；H302 (27.6%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]；H315 (37.6%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]；H318 (27.6%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]；H319 (11.8%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]；H335 (10.9%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P234, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P390, P403+P233, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1600 reports by companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.；Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 969 of 1600 reports by companies.；There are 13 notifications provided by 631 of 1600 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).；Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Chemical: Magnesium chloride (MgCl2)

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 (amended)

Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 30-09-2010 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1230；Status: Active Update: 24-03-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15140

Magnesium chloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

IMAP assessments - Magnesium chloride (MgCl2): Environment tier I assessment；IMAP assessments - Magnesium chloride (MgCl2): Human health tier I assessment

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract; [ICSC] See Magnesium.

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).

The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, incl magnesium chloride, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

Chemical: Magnesium chloride, anhydrous； Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern based on experimental and modeled data.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Magnesium chloride is found on List D. Case No: 4051; Pesticide type: insecticide (molluscicide), fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: RED Approved 09/93; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): magnesium chloride; AI Status: RED Completed - OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document for the case/AI.

Residues of magnesium chloride are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a safener in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

Decomposes when slowly heated to 300 °C. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including chlorine. Dissolves in water liberating a considerable amount of heat.

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Fire or Explosion: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. /Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture; Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture, solid; Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture, solution/

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Health: Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture; Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture, solid; Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture, solution/

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture; Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture, solid; Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture, solution/

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture; Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture, solid; Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture, solution/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Met. Corr. 1 (27.6%)；Acute Tox. 4 (27.6%)；Skin Irrit. 2 (37.6%)；Eye Dam. 1 (27.6%)；Eye Irrit. 2 (11.8%)；STOT SE 3 (10.9%)

Furan-2-peroxycarboxylic acid ... explodes when heated to 30-40 °C, or at room temp upon addition of organic or inorganic materials such as ... magnesium chloride.

A large steel evaporator used for magnesium chloride soln was shut down for maintenance. During maintenance operations a fatality occurred from atmospheric oxygen deficiency inside the evaporator. It was found later that the oxygen content in the evaporator fell from the nomral 21% to about 1% in under 24 hr, & this was confirmed in lab tests. This was attributed to very rapid rusting of the steel under warm humid conditions in the presence of traces of magnesium chloride. Further work shows that ... presence of scale is a contributory factor. Magnetite scale (Fe3O4) on mild steel increases the depletion rate by a factor of 10, while the rust formed during the corrosion has little effect.

In humid environments it causes steel to rust very rapidly.

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth.

Dry.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

Wear safety spectacles.

A nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

Residues of magnesium chloride are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a safener in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Use local exhaust.

The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract.

3.3 [mg/m3]

36 [mg/m3]

210 [mg/m3]

Magnesium chloride (ip) administered simultaneously with Neguvon (ip) decreased the lethal effects of Neguvon, however, this was not observed with magnesium aspartate.

The effects of intracerebroventricular administration of calcium or magnesium on the blood pressure regulation in the brain were investigated. The systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (male, 13-wk-old) was decreased by calcium chloride (100 ug/rat) and increased by magnesium chloride (20, 100, or 500 ug/rat). The depressor response induced by calcium was inhibited by magnesium chloride in a dose-dependent manner. Combining these results with those previously reported, it is suggested that magnesium inhibits the ability of calcium to reduce blood pressure through calmodulin- and dopamine-dependent functions in the brain.

Three adult male squirrel monkeys that were trained to respond on a 3-min fixed-interval schedule of food reinforcement were injected with various doses of magnesium chloride (MgCl(2), 30 and 100 mg/kg), cocaine (0.03-3.0 mg/kg), and their combination. ...MgCl(2) had little effect on responding during the 2 hr sessions. Low doses of cocaine (0.03-0.1 mg/kg) were ineffective, intermediate doses (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) increased responding, and high doses (1.0-3.0 mg/kg) decreased responding. When MgCl(2) was combined with intermediate doses of cocaine, the rate-increasing effects of cocaine were attenuated. Less reliably, increased rates of responding were sometimes observed when MgCl(2) was combined with low (ineffective) or high (rate-decreasing) doses of cocaine. These interactions depended both on the time following injection and the dose of MgCl(2) and showed marked individual differences. These effects observed in monkeys are similar to some of the interactions previously reported in rodents.

...In Ca-free soln, maintained contractions /in estrogen-dominated rat uterus/ induced by oxytocin and vanadate are augmented by Mg2+ /(administered as MgCl2)/.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Cough.

Redness.

Magnesium is approx 2% of the earth's crust, eighth in elemental abundance, and widely distributed in the environment as a variety of compounds(1,2). Its concn is 1.8% and 1.6% in igneous and sedimentary rocks, respectively(2). In igneous rocks, magnesium is typically a constituent of the dark-colored ferromagnesium minerals (e.g., olivine, pyroxenes, amphiboles, and dark-colored micas), along with other less common minerals(2). In metamorphic rocks, magnesium minerals such as chlorite, montmorillonite, and serpentine occur(2). Sedimentary rocks of magnesium include carbonates (e.g., magnesite and hydromagnesite), hydroxides (e.g., brucite), and mixtures of magnesium and calcium carbonate (e.g., dolimite)(2). Magnesium is also found in silicate minerals (e.g., olivine, serpentine, and asbestos)(1). Rocks and minerals contain a higher percentage of magnesium than do soils as a result of the loss of magnesium due to weathering(1). Magnesium chloride, with makes up 17% of sea salt(1) is released to the atmosphere as sea spray(SRC).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ HIGH BY IP & IV & MODERATE BY ORAL ROUTES. HIGH= CAPABLE OF CAUSING DEATH OR PERMANENT INJURY DUE TO EXPOSURES OF NORMAL USE; INCAPACITATING & POISONOUS...SPECIAL HANDLING. MODERATE= ...REVERSIBLE OR IRREVERSIBLE CHANGES TO EXPOSED TISSUE; NOT PERMANENT INJURY OR DEATH...CONSIDERABLE DISCOMFORT.

/CASE REPORTS/ MAGNESIUM POISONING OF 6 PT OCCURRED DURING HEMODIALYSIS BECAUSE OF MISTAKE IN PREPARING DIALYSATE SOLN WITH 15 INSTEAD OF 1.5 MEQ OF MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE/L. ALL DEVELOPED FEELING OF HEAT, MOSTLY BURNING SENSATION IN FACE, & MUSCULAR WEAKNESS. 3 COMPLAINED OF BLURRING OF VISION BUT NONE HAD OBJECTIVE VISUAL DEFECT...

The production and use of magnesium compounds as refractories, as chemical intermediates, and in construction materials(1,2) result in their release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). The production and use of magnesium compounds in environmental applications and in agriculture(1,2) results in their direct release to the environment(SRC). About 69% of the magnesium compounds used in the United States were used for refractories (e.g., olivine)(1). The remaining 31% of magnesium compounds were used in agriculture as fertilizer or animal feed (e.g, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate), as chemical intermediates (e.g., magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide) , construction materials (e.g., magnesium oxide), environmental (e.g., magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide), and industrial applications (e.g., magnesium oxide)(1,2). Other uses include road dust and ice control (e.g., magnesium chloride), pulp and paper applications (e.g.,magnesium sulfate), pharmaceuticals (e.g., magnesium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide), and cosmetics (e.g., magnesium carbonate)(1,2).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The effect of magnesium chloride on the ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) and the threshold for the ventricular premature contraction (VPCT) was studied in 20 dogs. Seven of the dogs were pre-treated with digitalis and four were in the form of heart-lung preparations. In the anesthetized, intact dogs, the VPCT was 0.19 +/- 0.01 mV. After treatment with magnesium chloride (100 mg/kg iv), the VPCT increased by 53% (P<0.01). In the same group of animals, the VFT averaged 0.50 +/- 0.06 mV., which more than doubled after administration of magnesium. The threshold of VPCT in the digitalis-treated dogs measured 0.18 +/- 0.01 mV; this value doubled after magnesium. The VFT in the digitalized dogs also increased after magnesium; however, resistance to electrical defibrillation was encountered in this group. In the heart-lung preparations, VPCT improved by 72% and a gain of 131% in the VFT followed magnesium administration. The results suggest that magnesium increases the ventricular threshold of arrhythmias in normal, denervated (heart-lung preparations) and also digitalis-treated hearts... .

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The minimum concn of K and Mg in cardioplegic solution to get cardiac arrest was studied. The isolated rat hearts were perfused by Langendorf perfusion with modified Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer solution, and their heart rates were measured. The perfusion of infusate of 15 mM/l of K-aspartate stopped the heart beat completely; it took 25 mM/l of magnesium chloride to get cardiac arrest. By their combination, however, heart was arrested with infusate of 10 mM/l of K-aspartate and 15 mM/l of magnesium chloride, which were lower concn than K-aspartate or magnesium chloride alone.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ .../IT WAS/ FOUND THAT SLURRY OF MGCL2 CRYSTALS APPLIED TO RABBIT EYES CAUSED SPOTTY CLOUDING OF CORNEA & ANTERIOR LENS CORTEX WHICH SOON CLEARED.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ...MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE.../IS/ ESSENTIALLY INNOCUOUS WHEN APPLIED IN SOLN TO EYES. ...CONCN OF 1% FOR 10 MIN, OR 10% FOR 1/2 MIN.../CAUSED/ NO DAMAGE TO EYE OR ALTERATION OF PUPIL, WHEN APPLIED TO RABBIT EYES AFTER MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF CORNEAL EPITHELIUM TO FACILITATE PENETRATION.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Rat oral 2800 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse intraperitoneal 1338 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse intravenous 14 mg/kg

Chemical: Magnesium chloride (MgCl2)

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 (amended)

Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 30-09-2010 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1230；Status: Active Update: 24-03-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15140

Magnesium chloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).

The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, incl magnesium chloride, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Magnesium chloride is found on List D. Case No: 4051; Pesticide type: insecticide (molluscicide), fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: RED Approved 09/93; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): magnesium chloride; AI Status: RED Completed - OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document for the case/AI.

Residues of magnesium chloride are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a safener in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism；A12 - Mineral supplements；A12C - Other mineral supplements；A12CC - Magnesium；A12CC01 - Magnesium chloride

B - Blood and blood forming organs；B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions；B05X - I.v. solution additives；B05XA - Electrolyte solutions；B05XA11 - Magnesium chloride

QB - Blood and blood forming organs；QB05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions；QB05X - I.v. solution additives；QB05XA - Electrolyte solutions；QB05XA11 - Magnesium chloride

QA - Alimentary tract and metabolism；QA12 - Mineral supplements；QA12C - Other mineral supplements；QA12CC - Magnesium；QA12CC01 - Magnesium chloride

30%, to albumin

Magnesium is important as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions in the body involving protein synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism (at least 300 enzymatic reactions require magnesium). Actions on lipoprotein lipase have been found to be important in reducing serum cholesterol and on sodium/potassium ATPase in promoting polarization (eg, neuromuscular functioning).

Mechanism of action of magnesium chloride studied in 10 adult volunteers. Results suggested magnesium ion in duodenum is relatively weak stimulus to pancreas and gall bladder. It is weak stimulant to cholecystokinin release and inhibits net jejunal water absorption. The oral administration of a single 800 mg dose of magnesium chloride in healthy volunteers resulted in a diminished rate of intraluminal lipid and protein digestion. The most pronounced effect of magnesium chloride, however, was a decreased gastric emptying rate of both test meals. After correction for gastric emptying, no differences were noted in intraluminal lipid or protein digestion. Therefore, the lower lipid levels noted after magnesium supplementation are unlikely to be the result of altered lipid assimilation. Magnesium chloride slows gastric emptying but does not influence lipid digestion.

MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE STUDIED IN 10 ADULT VOLUNTEERS. RESULTS SUGGESTED MAGNESIUM ION IN DUODENUM IS RELATIVELY WEAK STIMULUS TO PANCREAS & GALLBLADDER. IT IS WEAK STIMULANT TO CHOLECYSTOKININ RELEASE & INHIBITS NET JEJUNAL WATER ABSORPTION.

...The oral administration of a single /800 mg/ dose of magnesium chloride /in healthy volunteers/ resulted in a diminished rate of intraluminal lipid and protein digestion. The most pronounced effect of magnesium chloride, however, was a decreased gastric emptying rate of both test meals. After correction for gastric emptying, no differences were noted in intraluminal lipid or protein digestion. Therefore, the lower lipid levels noted after magnesium supplementation are unlikely to be the result of altered lipid assimilation. Magnesium chloride slows gastric emptying but does not influence lipid digestion.

Elimination half-life has been reported to be 27.7 hours following an overdose of 400 mEq magnesium in an adult.

Magnesium levels are efficiently regulated by the kidneys. Magnesium also undergoes efficient enterohepatic circulation

MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE

Stimulation Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Secretion [PE]; Increased Large Intestinal Motility [PE]; Magnesium Ion Exchange Activity [MoA]; Osmotic Laxative [EPC]; Inhibition Small Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Absorption [PE]; Osmotic Activity [MoA]; Inhibition Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Absorption [PE]; Calculi Dissolution Agent [EPC]

MAGNESIA MURIATICA

Stimulation Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Secretion [PE]; Increased Large Intestinal Motility [PE]; Magnesium Ion Exchange Activity [MoA]; Osmotic Laxative [EPC]; Inhibition Small Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Absorption [PE]; Osmotic Activity [MoA]; Inhibition Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Absorption [PE]; Calculi Dissolution Agent [EPC]

Oral: Inversely proportional to amount ingested; 40% to 60% under controlled dietary conditions; 15% to 36% at higher doses

Magnesium is excreted in urine. Unabsorbed magnesium is excreted in feces

Bone (50% to 60%); extracellular fluid (1% to 2%)

Maximum magnesium clearance is directly proportional to creatinine clearance.

...Three mature ewes each received by intrarumenal infusion a supplement of 0, 1, 2 and 3 g Mg/d in sequence over four 10-day periods. Net Mg absorption distal to the pylorus took place down its electrochemical gradient, although the quantity absorbed remained small during the control and first infusion periods. The bulk of Mg absorption occurred before the pylorus and, during the control and first infusion periods, took place against its electrochemical gradient. The net Mg absorption proximal to the pylorus rose with declining efficiency as Mg intake was increased. It is suggested that saturation of the absorption process at this site was occurring.

The compound is used in medicine as a source of magnesium ions, which are essential for many cellular activities. It has also been used as a cathartic and in alloys. [ChemIDplus] Occurs naturally in salt lakes and brines, and sea salt contains 17% MgCl2 by weight; [Ullmann]

Source of magnesium metal, disinfectants, fire extinguishers, fireproofing wood, magnesium oxychloride cement, refrigerating brines, ceramics, cooling drill tools, textiles (size, dressing and filling of cotton and woolen fabrics, thread lubricant, carbonization of wool), paper manufacture, road dust-laying compounds, floor-sweeping compounds, flocculating agent, catalyst.

MEDICATION (VET)

AS ADDITION TO CASEIN GLUE; IN DISINFECTANTS; FLOOR-SWEEPING CMPDS; CATHARTIC

For magnesium chloride (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 013902) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Magnesium chloride is a component of fire extinguishers, ceramics, textile and paper manufacture.

(1990) 4763 metric tons

(1989) 2201 metric tons

(1972) 2.47X10+8 GRAMS

(1974) 2.2X10+8 GRAMS

(1989) 5994 metric tons

(1990) 6914 metric tons

2023: 10,000,000 - <25,000,000 lb；2022: 25,000,000 - <40,000,000 lb；2021: 40,000,000 - <55,000,000 lb；2020: 100,000,000 - <250,000,000 lb

(1972) 8.63X10+11 GRAMS

Soil amendments (fertilizers)；Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable；Intermediate；Anti-freeze agent；Alloys；Other

Softener and conditioner；Intermediate；Flotation agent；Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable；Catalyst；Flux agent；pH regulating agent；Processing aids not otherwise specified；CBI；Other；Alloys；Anti-freeze agent

ACTION OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID ON MAGNESIUM OXIDE OR HYDROXIDE, ESPECIALLY THE LATTER WHEN PRECIPITATED FROM SEAWATER OR BRINES (GREAT SALT LAKE)

... PREPARED FROM MAGNESIUM AMMONIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE IN PRESENCE OF HCL ... .

METHOD OF PURIFICATION: RECRYSTALLIZATION.

Molten magnesium chloride can be formed by the direct carbochlorination of magnesium oxide obtained from the calcination of magnesium carbonate ores or magnesium hydroxide.

Magnesium chloride can be produced in large quantities from (1) carnallite or the end brines of the potash industry; (2) magnesium hydroxide precipitated from seawater; (3) by chlorination of magnesium oxide from various sources in the presence of carbon or carbonaceous materials; and (4) as a by-product in the manufacture of titanium.

GRADES: TECHNICAL (CRYSTALS, FUSED, FLAKES, GRANULATED), CP.

AEROTEX ACCELERATOR MX

MAGNOGENE

Information on 167 consumer products that contain Magnesium chloride anhydrous in the following categories is provided:；• Auto Products；• Commercial / Institutional；• Inside the Home；• Landscaping/Yard；• Personal Care

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Processing Aids and Additives

Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern

Food additives

Fragrance Ingredients

Food Additives -> COLOUR_RETENTION_AGENTFIRMING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Cosmetics -> Viscosity controlling

Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing；Paper Manufacturing；Petrochemical Manufacturing；Miscellaneous Manufacturing；Wood Product Manufacturing；Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing；Other (requires additional information)；Asphalt Paving, Roofing, and Coating Materials Manufacturing；Services；Petroleum Refineries；Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing；Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing；All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing；Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable；Transportation Equipment Manufacturing；Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities；Primary Metal Manufacturing；Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing；Wholesale and Retail Trade；Mining (except Oil and Gas) and support activities

Magnesium chloride (MgCl2): ACTIVE

PARENTERALLY, AS SOURCE OF MG. READILY AVAIL SOURCE OF MG ON ORAL DOSING IN CATTLE. STABILIZES LIQUID SUSPENSIONS OF LIVER VIRUSES &... SERVES AS BACTERIOSTATIC & MYCOSTATIC AGENT. IN LABORATORIES, TO "ANESTHETIZE" PROTOZOA.../& LEECHES/. ...ITS USE IS AVOIDED AS DIETARY SUPPLEMENT.