Perchloric Acid

Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Oxidizers

Reactive agents - 3rd degree

1.6 to 1.7 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999)

1.768 @ 22 °C

VERY HYGROSCOPIC; COMBINES VIGOROUSLY WITH WATER WITH EVOLUTION OF HEAT; AQ ACID IS VERY CAUSTIC; DECOMP WHEN DISTILLED @ ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; DENSITY OF AQ SOLN @ 25 °C: 65.0%= 1.597; 70.0%= 1.664; 75.0%= 1.731; DENSITY OF AQ SOLN @ 15 °C: 1%= 1.0050; 10%= 1.0597; 20%= 1.1279; 30%= 1.2067; 40%= 1.2991; 50%= 1.4103; 60%= 1.5389; 70%= 1.6736

Relative density (water = 1): 1.76 (22 °C)

1.77 @25 °C

MISCIBLE IN COLD WATER

Solubility in water: miscible

-170 °F (USCG, 1999)

-112 °C

-112 °C

-112 °C

Perchloric acid, with more than 50% but not more than 72% acid appears as a clear colorless odorless aqueous solution. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Closed containers may rupture violently under prolonged exposure to heat.

Perchloric acid, with not more than 50% acid appears as a clear colorless odorless aqueous solution. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Closed containers may rupture violently under prolonged exposure to heat.

Colorless, odorless oily liquid; [HSDB] Highly hygroscopic; [Merck Index]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

VOLATILE

ON STORAGE EVEN IN DARK, ANHYDROUS ACID BECOMES DISCOLORED OWING TO DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS & MAY EXPLODE SPONTANEOUSLY

UNSTABLE IN CONCENTRATED FORM

fuming

Danger

H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

P210, P220, P260, P264, P280, P283, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P306+P360, P316, P321, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P405, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H271 (100%): May cause fire or explosion; strong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

P210, P220, P234, P260, P264, P270, P280, P283, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P306+P360, P316, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P390, P405, P406, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Perchloric acid

Status: Active Update: 30-05-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/8872

Perchloric acid: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Oxidizer Corrosive

Corrosive Oxidizer

Behavior in Fire: Above 160 °C (320 °F) will react with combustible material and increase intensity of fire. Containers may explode. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

· May explode from friction, heat or contamination.

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.

Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with metals, reducing agents or organic materials.

AQ ACID...MAY DEFLAGRATE IN CONTACT WITH OXIDIZABLE SUBSTANCES. /AQUEOUS SOLN/

WILL INCREASE THE INTENSITY OF A FIRE. MAY CAUSE FIRE ON CONTACT WITH COMBUSTIBLES. /AQUEOUS SOLN/

ANHYDROUS ACID IGNITES IN CONTACT WITH SODIUM IODIDE OR HYDRIODIC ACID. ...MIXTURES OF 2-METHYLPROPENE & PERCHLORIC ACID VAPOR (5:1 MOLAR) IN NITROGEN IGNITE SPONTANEOUSLY @ 250 °C.

ANHYDROUS ACID IGNITES SULFINYL CHLORIDE.

...will ignite...by shock or heat.

Inhalation of vapors or mist causes burning sensation of nose and throat, and lung irritation with coughing; prolonged or excessive exposure could cause vomiting and severe coughing. Ingestion causes blistering and burns of mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes or skin causes blistering and burns. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

· TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.

Highly corrosive to skin; [Quick CPC] High inhalation exposure can cause pneumonitis and pulmonary edema; Causes liver injury in high-dose animal studies; [HSDB] Evolves heat when mixed with water--may explode; [Merck Index] A strong oxidant--a fire and explosion hazard; Corrosive to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; Inhalation may cause pulmonary edema; [ICSC]

1873 143

1802 157

Acids, Strong Oxidizing

Acids, Strong Oxidizing

A REVIEW OF THE TOXICITY & HEALTH HAZARD OF PERCHLORIC ACID (17 REFERENCES).[MOREL C ET AL; TOXICOLOGICAL PAPER, NO 141: PERCHLORIC ACID (HCLO4); CAH NOTES DOC 94: 173-6 (1979)]

This data sheet describes the hazards of perchloric acid and the procedures necessary to avoid physical harm. Contents: Properties; uses; containers; shipping regulations; storage; personal hazards; handling; personal protective equipment; ventilation; fire and explosion hazards; symptoms of poisoning; first aid; toxicity; medical examinations; waste disposal.[Perchloric acid; National Safety Council, 444 North Michigan Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA, 4 pages (1982)]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 143 [Oxidizers (Unstable)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

In case of fire in the surroundings: water in large amounts, water spray. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Get medical attention following all exposures to this compound.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

COMBAT FIRES FROM SAFE DISTANCE OR PROTECTED LOCATION. FLOOD DISCHARGE AREA WITH WATER. COOL EXPOSED CONTAINERS WITH WATER. /AQUEOUS SOLN/

USE WATER SPRAY.

REAGENT BOTTLE--MAX 1-LB, GLASS-STOPPERED, GLASS BOTTLE; KEPT IN A HEAVY GLASS TRAY WITH LARGER CAPACITY. ADDN LAB STORAGE SHOULD BE IN ORIGINAL BOTTLES INSIDE A GLASS CONTAINER PADDED WITH GLASS WOOL & HAVING GREATER CAPACITY THAN THE CONTAINER. CARBOYS & LARGE BOTTLES SHOULD BE STORED ON ACID-RESISTING NONCOMBUSTIBLE SHELVES, IN A NONCOMBUSTIBLE STRUCTURE. ALL STORAGE MUST BE SEPARATED FROM COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS, ORG MATERIALS, STRONG DEHYDRATING AGENTS, OXIDIZING & REDUCING AGENTS. ...MUST BE STORED WHERE IT WILL NOT FREEZE... PROTECT AGAINST PHYSICAL DAMAGE. ELECTRICAL WIRING...IN STORAGE AREAS MUST BE OF WATERTIGHT TYPE TO PROTECT AGAINST CORROSIVE ACTION OF VAPORS.

...SHOULD BE STORED & USED IN GLASS OR OTHER INERT CONTAINERS (PREFERABLY UNBREAKABLE), & CORKS & RUBBER STOPPERS SHOULD NOT BE USED.

NEUTRALIZING AGENTS FOR ACIDS & CAUSTICS: FLUSH WITH WATER & RINSE WITH DILUTE SODIUM BICARBONATE OR SODA ASH SOLUTION.

REMOVE SPILLED PERCHLORIC ACID BY IMMEDIATE & THOROUGH WASHING WITH LARGE AMT OF WATER.

RADIOACTIVE WASTEWATER CONTAINING PERCHLORIC ACID IS TREATED BY SN, TI3+ OR MOO3, & AQ HCL. AFTER 2 HR 92.3% OF PERCHLORIC ACID WAS REDUCED.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 143 [Oxidizers (Unstable)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Neutralization, landfill, & discharge to sewer: Reduce perchloric acid with weak reducing agent (hypobisulfite or ferrous salt, plus sulfuric acid as accelerator have been recommended), neutralize with sodium carbonate or calcium oxide. The reduced neutralized slurry may be flushed to the drain with high dilution; otherwise deposit in an approved landfill.

Sore throat. Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Loss of vision. Severe deep burns.

Sore throat. Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Diarrhoea. Shock or collapse. Vomiting.

SYMPTOMATOLOGY (...INGESTION OR SKIN CONTACT): 1. CORROSION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF MOUTH, THROAT AND ESOPHAGUS, WITH IMMEDIATE PAIN AND DYSPHAGIA. NECROTIC AREAS...GRAYISH WHITE BUT SOON ACQUIRE A BLACKISH DISCOLORATION (YELLOW IN CASE OF NITRIC ACID) & SOMETIMES SHRUNKEN OR WRINKLED TEXTURE... 2. EPIGASTRIC PAIN...MAY BE ASSOC WITH NAUSEA & VOMITING... AT TIMES, GASTRIC HEMORRHAGE MAY BE INTENSE, AND VOMITUS THEN CONTAINS FRESH BLOOD. PROFOUND THIRST. 3. ULCERATION OF ALL MEMBRANES AND TISSUES WITH WHICH THE ACID COMES IN CONTACT. AFTER THE INGESTION OF CONCN MINERAL ACID, THIS CORROSION MAY LEAD WITHIN A FEW HR OR A FEW DAYS TO GASTRIC PERFORATION AND PERITONITIS. 4. CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE WITH CLAMMY SKIN, WEAK & RAPID PULSE, SHALLOW RESP, AND SCANTY URINE. CIRCULATORY SHOCK IS OFTEN IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF DEATH. /ACIDS/

(CA) CALIFORNIA 6 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/

(MA) MASSACHUSETTS 2 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/

(CA) CALIFORNIA 6 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/

(ME) MAINE 1 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/

Used as an oxidizer in analytical chemistry; its salts are used in explosives and electroplating baths; [Merck Index] Used as a catalyst, to make various esters, and in electrolytic bathes for lead deposition; [HSDB]

Electroplating [Category: Plate]

IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AS AN OXIDIZER & FOR SEPARATION OF POTASSIUM FROM SODIUM

EXPLOSIVES & FOR PLATING OF METALS /PERCHLORATE SALTS/

TITRATION REAGENT IN DETERMINATION OF 1H-BENZOTRIAZOLE IN AIR

CATALYST; MFR OF VARIOUS ESTERS; INGREDIENT OF ELECTROLYTIC BATH IN DEPOSITION OF LEAD

...FROM POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE & SULFURIC ACID: HANDBOOK OF PREPARATIVE INORGANIC CHEMISTRY VOL 1, G BRAUER, ED (ACADEMIC PRESS, NEW YORK, 2ND ED, 1963) PAGES 318-320. COMPREHENSIVE MONOGRAPH: JC SCHUMACHER, PERCHLORATES (REINHOLD, NEW YORK, 1960).

Chemical reaction of sodium perchlorate and hydrochloric acid; direct electrolytic oxidation of cold (18 °C), very dilute (0.5N) hydrochloric acid; irradiating aqueous solutions of chlorine dioxide; passing ozonized air through a solution of hydrochloric acid or sodium hypochloride; electrodialysis of perchlorate salts using ion-selective membranes

GRADES: TECHNICAL; CP

...MARKETED ONLY IN MIXTURE WITH WATER CONTAINING 60-70% PERCHLORIC ACID, DENSITY 1.5 & 1.6, RESPECTIVELY.

DIOXONIUM PERCHLORATE SOLUTION; PERCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION

Technical grade, CP; commercial aqueous solutions contain 65-70% HClO4

Perchloric acid: ACTIVE

METHOD OF PURIFICATION: RECTIFICATION