Propionsureanhydrid

Other Classes -> Acid Anhydrides, Other

Corrosives

Very rancid odor

Pungent odor

1.01 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.011 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.01

1.012 @25 °C

Decomposed by water; soluble in methanol, ethanol, ether and chloroform

Soluble in alkalies

Miscible with ether; slightly soluble in carbon tetraachloride

Solubility in water: reaction

145 °F (USCG, 1999)

165 °F (74 °C) (Open Cup)

145 °F (63 °C) (Closed Cup)

63 °C c.c.

336 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

170 °C

167 °C

167 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-45 °F (USCG, 1999)

-45 °C

-45 °C

-45 °C

4.49 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.5

Danger

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Propanoic acid, anhydride

List I Chemical: A chemical specified by regulation that, in addition to legitimate uses, is used in manufacturing a controlled substance in violation of the Act and is important to the manufacture of a controlled substance. (21 eCFR 1310.02)

Propanoic acid, 1,1'-anhydride is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Propanoic acid, 1,1'-anhydride are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 04-01-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/5412

Propionic anhydride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

· Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.

Combustible. Above 63 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

Inhalation causes irritation of eyes and respiratory tract. Contact with liquid causes burns of eyes and skin. Ingestion causes burns of mouth and stomach. (USCG, 1999)

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.

Liquid may cause first degree burns after brief skin contact; [CHRIS] Corrosive to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; Pulmonary edema may be delayed after an inhalation exposure; [ICSC] Skin sensitization has not been reported. [OECD SIDS]

The following chemicals have been specifically designated by the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration as the listed chemicals subject to the provisions of this part and parts 1309 and 1313 of this chapter. Each chemical has been assigned the DEA Chemical Code Number set forth opposite it. Propionic anhydride (DEA Code: 8328) is included on this list.

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date 9/30/91; Reporting date: 11/27/91.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Propanoic anhydride is included on this list. Effective date: 9/30/91; Sunset date: 12/19/95.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention. Keep rinsing during transport for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give nothing to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

INHALATION: move victim to fresh air; if breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration.

General First Aid:

Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Hazardous reactions may be avoided by using large quantities of water to solubilize the anhydride & fully absorb the heat of reaction.

If material on fire or involved in a fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Separated from acids, bases, oxidants, food and feedstuffs. Dry. Ventilation along the floor.

Outside or detached storage is preferred. Separate from heat & oxidizing materials. Exclude moisture from vapor space in storage tank.

Spill or leak procedures: Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors, protect personnel, and dilute spills to form nonflammable mixtures. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal. Neutralize spill and washings with soda ash or lime.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder.

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (Cao), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus, face shield and protective gloves. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Hydrolysis half-lives of 10 and 1.0 minutes at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively, were estimated for propionic anhydride(1). Because of this rapid hydrolysis rate, biodegradation and volatilization from moist soil surfaces are not expected to be important terrestrial fate processes(SRC). Propionic anhydride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.36 mm Hg at 25 °C(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Hydrolysis half-lives of 10 and 1.0 minutes at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively, were estimated for propionic anhydride(1). Because of this rapid hydrolysis rate, biodegradation, bioconcentration and volatilization from water surfaces are not expected to be important aquatic fate processes(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), propionic anhydride, which has a vapor pressure of 1.36 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase propionic anhydride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 18 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Photolysis of propionic anhydride is not expected to be an important environmetnal fate process due to the rapid hydrolysis rate(SRC).

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe burns.

Burns in mouth and throat. Abdominal pain. Shock or collapse.

Physician's written opinion. For examination or consultation required under /the OSHA laboratory/ standard, the employer shall obtain a written opinion from the examining physician which shall include the following: Any recommendation for further medical follow-up; the results of the medical examination and any associated tests; any medical condition which may be revealed in the course of the examination which may place the employee at increased risk as a result of exposure to a hazardous workplace; and a statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the results of the consultation or medical examination and any medical condition that may require further examination or treatment. The written opinion shall not reveal specific findings of diagnoses unrelated to occupational exposure.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ...Physiological effects /of acid anhydrides/ generally resemble those of corresponding acids, but they are more potent eye irritants in vapor phase, and may produce chronic conjunctivitis. They are slowly hydrolyzed on contact with body tissues and may occasionally cause sensitization. /Organic acid anhydrides/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Ingestion causes burns of the mouth and stomach.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The substance is corrosive to the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract. Inhalation of vapor or aerosol may cause lung edema. The effects may be delayed.

Propionic anhydride's production and use as an esterifying agent for perfume oils, fats, cellulose, alkylated resins, dyestuffs, drugs and as a dehydrating agent(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Biodegradation is not expected to be an important environmental fate process due to the rapid hydrolysis of propionic anhydride under aqueous conditions(1-2). Propionic anhydride, present at 100 mg/L, reached 83% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(3), however it is believed that this biodegradation measurement was of the acid(SRC).

Volatilization from water surfaces or moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process due to the rapid hydrolysis of propionic anhydride under aqueous conditions(1-2). Propionic anhydride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.36 mm Hg(3).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Breathing air saturated with vapor for more than 1 hr produced deaths in rats.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Rated 8 on rabbit eyes. /substances are rated on a scale of 1 to 10 according to the degree of injury observed after 24 hr. The most severe injuries are rated 10/

The following chemicals have been specifically designated by the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration as the listed chemicals subject to the provisions of this part and parts 1309 and 1313 of this chapter. Each chemical has been assigned the DEA Chemical Code Number set forth opposite it. Propionic anhydride (DEA Code: 8328) is included on this list.

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date 9/30/91; Reporting date: 11/27/91.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Propanoic anhydride is included on this list. Effective date: 9/30/91; Sunset date: 12/19/95.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Propionic anhydride is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

Used to manufacture perfumes, oils, resins, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and cellulose esters; [Merck Index]

For propionic anhydride (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 077704) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Esterifying agent for fats and oils; cellulose; dehydrating medium for nitrations and sulfonations; alkyd resins; dyestuffs; and pharmaceuticals

Esterifying agent for perfume oils, fats, cellulose, alkylated resins, dyestuffs, drugs and as a dehydrating agent

Propionic anhydride is used as an esterifying agent for fatty acids and cellulose, for the production of alkyd resins and perfume oils, and for the introduction of the propionyl group into dyes and pharmaceuticals.

2023: 75,000,000 - <150,000,000 lb

(1972) GREATER THAN 9.08X10+5 GRAMS

(1975) GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS

Propanoic acid, anhydride is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#3001]

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Propanoic acid, 1,1'-anhydride. Aggregated National Production Volume: 10 to < 50 million pounds.

Propionic anhydride is produced industrially either by heating propionic acid at 8 bar to 235 °C and distilling off the water formed, or by heating propionic acid with propionyl chloride in an inert solvent to 160 °C. Other possible routes involve the reaction of ethylene, carbon monoxide, and propionic acid in the presence of nickel carbonyl (Reppe synthesis) or cobalt or nickel iodide.

Obtained by dehydration of the acid or by carbonylation of its esters; ... from propionaldehyde by air oxidation in the presence of cobalt & copper acetate catalysts; ... other synthesis /methods/ ... from ethanol & carbon monoxide.

Propionic anhydride

A chemical specified by regulation that, in addition to legitimate uses, is used in manufacturing a controlled substance in violation of the Act and is important to the manufacture of a controlled substance. (21 eCFR 1310.02)

All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing

Propanoic acid, 1,1'-anhydride: ACTIVE