Sodium Perchlorate

Other Classes -> Perchlorates

Reactive agents - 1st degree

2.52 g/cu cm

2.0 g/cm³

2.02 @25 °C

White orthorhombic crystals

White deliquescent crystals

SOL IN COLD WATER; VERY SOL IN HOT WATER; SOL IN ALC

In water, 209.6 g/100 g water at 25 °C.

Solubility in water: very good

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/ and Na2O.

482 °C

Sodium perchlorate appears as white crystalline solid. Noncombustible but will accelerate the burning of combustible materials. If large quantities are involved in a fire or the combustible material is finely divided, an explosion may result. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat may result in an explosion. Used in chemical analysis and in explosives.

Liquid; Dry Powder; Liquid

White crystals or powder; Deliquescent; [CHEMINFO]

WHITE HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS OR POWDER.

COLORLESS RHOMBOHEDRAL CRYSTALS; BP: DECOMPOSES @ 482 °C; MP: 130 °C; DENSITY: 2.02; DELIQUESCENT; SOLUBILITY: 209 G/100 CC WATER @ 15 °C, 284 G/100 CC WATER @ 50 °C; SOL IN ALC /MONOHYDRATE/

Strong oxidizer

White, deliquescent crystals. Decomposes approx. 130 °C, d = 2.02. Very soluble in water. /Monohydrate/

Danger

H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

P210, P220, P264, P270, P280, P283, P301+P317, P306+P360, P330, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H271 (100%): May cause fire or explosion; strong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

P210, P220, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P283, P301+P317, P305+P351+P338, P306+P360, P319, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Perchloric acid, sodium salt

Perchloric acid, sodium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Perchloric acid, sodium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 16-09-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/5226

Perchloric acid, sodium salt: HSNO Approval: HSR001352 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

CAUTION: Ammonium nitrate products may explode if involved in fire or contaminated with hydrocarbons (fuels), organic matter, other contaminants or when hot molten and contained. Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112).

Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

· Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.

SODIUM PERCHLORATE is a strong oxidizing agent. Explosively decomposed at over 130 °C [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. A mixture with powdered magnesium is a friction-sensitive mixture [Safety Eng. Reports 1947]. A mixture with ammonium nitrate is used as an explosive [Mellor 2 Supp. 1:608 1956]. A 1:1 mixture of the perchlorate and hydrazine exploded upon grinding, [Chem. Abs., 1969, 70, 53524].

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

General First Aid:

PROTECT AGAINST PHYSICAL DAMAGE. STORE IN PLACE OF NONCOMBUSTIBLE CONSTRUCTION. SEPARATE FROM ORGANIC, READILY OXIDIZABLE MATERIALS, SULFUR, CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS & COTTON. IMMEDIATELY REMOVE & CAREFULLY DISPOSE OF ANY SPILLED PERCHLORATE.

KEEP WELL CLOSED.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents. Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. If fire becomes uncontrollable - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.

In case of oral exposure, immediately dilute with 4 to 8 ounces (120 to 240 mol) of water or milk. Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first. Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gas or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed. Following inhalation, Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. In case of acute lung injury, maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gas or pulse oximetry monitoring. Following eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. Following dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines. (T36)

Adverse effects on a wide variety of organ systems can result from disruption in the availability of T3 to target tissues. Organ systems affected by disturbances in T3 levels include the skin, cardiovascular system, pulmonary system, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, liver, blood, neuromuscular system, central nervous system, skeleton, male and female reproductive systems, and numerous endocrine organs, including the pituitary and adrenal glands. Such an array of secondary potential targets underscores the need to maintain an adequate level of circulating thyroid hormones. Perchlorate, an environmental contaminant, is known to disturb the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis by blocking iodide accumulation in the thyroid. Iodide deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism and goiter (L894, A267).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Inhalation (L894) ; oral (L894) ; dermal (L894) ; eye contact (L894).

The primary and most sensitive target of the perchlorate anion (perchlorate) is the thyroid gland. Perchlorate inhibits the transport of iodide (I-) from the blood into the thyroid follicle cells. The inhibition is thought to be accomplished by perchlorate competitively blocking iodide binding to a carrier, or sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), which catalyzes the simultaneous transfer of Na+ and I-across the basolateral membrane of thyroid follicle cells. Perchlorate inhibition of the NIS can limit the availability of iodide needed for the production of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which in turn, may affect the circulating levels of T4 and T3. All known effects of perchlorate on the thyroid hormone system derive directly or secondarily from the inhibition of the NIS. T3 is essential for normal development of the nervous system and for the regulation of metabolism of cells in nearly all tissues of the body. Disruption in the availability of T3 in target tissues can result in adverse effects on a wide variety of organs and systems (L894).

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory system, depending on the route of exposure. Esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation could occur following exposures (L894).

CHLORATES...CAUSE METHEMOGLOBINEMIA & HEINZ BODIES ARE OFTEN PRESENT & IN ADDITION, MANY OF THE ERYTHROCYTES CLUMP UP & ARE BROKEN UP.../PRODUCING/ EMBOLI & EXCRETION OF BLOOD PIGMENTS BY THE KIDNEY...WITH RESULTING DARK-COLORED URINE. NEPHRITIS WITH ALBUMINURIA & INCR IN BLOOD UREA NITROGEN MAY BE CAUSED BY THE.../CHEM/ ITSELF, OR BY CONSTITUENTS OF BROKEN DOWN BLOOD CORPUSCLES. NAUSEA & VOMITING OCCUR, DUE TO GASTRIC IRRITATION; LIPS ARE BLUE & SKIN GRAY, & THERE IS MARKED DYSPNEA DUE TO THE METHEMOGLOBINEMIA. PERCHLORATES ACT SIMILARLY TO CHLORATES. /CHLORATES/

NEPHROTIC SYNDROME DURING THYREOSTATIC TREATMENT WITH SODIUM PERCHLORATE IS DISCUSSED.

WHILE PERCHLORATE CAN BE USED TO CONTROL HYPERTHYROIDISM IT MAY CAUSE FATAL APLASTIC ANEMIA & HAS BEEN ABANDONED EXCEPT IN VERY UNUSUAL CIRCUMSTANCES. /PERCHLORATES/

FOR AGENTS THAT PRODUCE HEMOLYSIS AS WELL AS METHEMOGLOBIN & METHEMALBUMIN (EG, CHLORATE SALTS) EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION IS ONLY PRESENT APPROACH TO.../REDUCE CIRCULATING TITER OF ABNORMAL PIGMENT/. IF METHEMOGLOBIN IS...WITHIN INTACT & FUNCTIONAL ERYTHROCYTES, IV ADMIN OF METHYLENE BLUE (1-2 MG/KG) USUALLY EVOKES RESPONSE. /CHLORATE SALTS/

For basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Chlorates and related compounds/

For advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: To keep open, "minimal flow rate"/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Chlorates and related compounds/

0.0007

IRIS Current

(CA) CALIFORNIA 6 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/

(MA) MASSACHUSETTS 2 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/

(CA) CALIFORNIA 6 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/

(ME) MAINE 1 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/

AFTER A SINGLE ORAL DOSE OF 500 MG SODIUM PERCHLORATE, THE RATIO OF URINARY (131)I TO PROTEIN-BOUND (131)I ROSE & REMAINED ELEVATED FOR 24-96 HR. APPARENTLY THE CMPD BLOCKS ORGANIFICATION OF BOTH INTERNALLY GENERATED IODIDE & THAT DERIVED FROM PLASMA.

Used in explosives, jet fuel, and life support systems to generate oxygen; Used as an analytical reagent and chemical intermediate for other perchlorates; [CHEMINFO]

IN JET FUEL; ANALYTICAL REAGENT

Radiation protection of thyroid

MEDICATION

In the explosives industry.

Useful as an intermediate for production of all other perchlorates by double metathesis reactions and controlled crystallization.

All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing

Perchloric acid, sodium salt (1:1): ACTIVE

SODIUM PERCHLORATE-AMMONIUM NITRATE: A MIXTURE OF THESE CHEMICALS IS USED AS AN EXPLOSIVE.