1-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-4-methylbenzol

DISTINCT AROMATIC ODOR

Gasoline-like odor

Distinct aromatic odor, somewhat like gasoline.

0.8612 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8612 @ 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.86

0.8612

0.86

CLEAR, COLORLESS LIQ

Colorless liquid.

less than 1 mg/mL at 63 °F (NTP, 1992)

SLIGHTLY SOL IN ALC; VERY SOL IN ETHER; SOL IN ACETONE, BENZENE; VERY SOL IN CHLOROFORM

Water solubility of 5.5 ppm at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.06 (very poor)

Insoluble

136 °F (NTP, 1992)

136 °F

63 °C c.c.

155 °F

155 °F

379 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

193 °C @ 760 MM HG

at 101.3kPa: 193 °C

379 °F

379 °F

Danger

H226 (93.3%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 300 reports by companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Warning

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

Chemical: Benzene, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-

Status: Active Update: 15-10-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/22796

4-t-Butyltoluene: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)

Combustible. Above 63 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

Liver injury occurs in chronic inhalation studies of experimental animals. Giddiness was observed in volunteers exposed at 160 ppm. [ACGIH] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; Inhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression; [ICSC]

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. p-tert-Butyltoluene is included on this list.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 10 ppm (60 mg/cu m).

Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 10 ppm (60 ppm); STEL 20 ppm (120 mg/cu m) is still enforced in some states.

Fires involving this compound should be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

(General first aid procedures)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed or replaced.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based upon estimated Koc values of 1700 and 1900, 4-t-butyltoluene will have low mobility in soil(1-2,SRC). A single biodegradation screening study suggests that 4-t-butyltoluene does not biodegrade easily(3). Evaporation from dry surfaces can be expected to occur(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Volatilization will be an important transport process for 4-t-butyltoluene in natural water. Volatilization half-lives (which exclude adsorption to sediment) of 3.6 and 43 hr can be estimated for a model river and model environmental pond, respectively(1-2,SRC); if adsorption is included in the pond simulation (Koc of 1900), the volatilization half-life increases to 13 days(2,SRC). A single biodegradation screening study suggests that 4-t-butyltoluene does not biodegrade easily(3). Aquatic hydrolysis is not an important fate process(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure of 0.671 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), 4-t-butyltoluene is expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere(2,SRC). The dominant degradation process in the atmosphere is the vapor-phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals which has an estimated half-life of 2.2 days(3,SRC).

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Compound with “poor evidence” of ototoxicity (it is a questionably ototoxic substance).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat. Metallic taste. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Dizziness. Headache. Tremor. Weakness.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Confusion. Convulsions. See Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin; dry nose, throat; headache; low blood pressure, tachycardia, abnormal cardiovascular system stress; central nervous system, hematopoietic depression; metallic taste; liver, kidney injury

Based upon a reported water solubility of 5.5 ppm at 25 °C(1), the Koc for 4-t-butyltoluene can be estimated to be 1700 from a linear regression-derived equation(2,SRC). Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indexes, the Koc for 4-t-butyltoluene can be estimated to be 1900(3). These estimated Koc values indicate that 4-t-butyltoluene will have low mobility in soil(4).

The effect of para-tertiary-butyltoluene was examined in mutagenicity tests with Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, TA100, in Escherichia coli strains WP2, WP2 uvrA, and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain JD1 with and without Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction metabolic activation. No mutagenic effect was observed in Salmonella or Escherichia tester strains exposed to test article at concentrations of 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, or 4000 ug/plate in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. Cytotoxicity data was not reported. Gene conversion was not observed in the Saccharomyces tester strain exposed to para-tertiary-butyltoluene at concentrations of 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05 or 0.1 mg/ml with or without metabolic activation; cytotoxic effects at concentrations greater than 0.1 mg/ml were reported in initial experiments.

The ability of para-(tert-butyl)toluene to cause chromosome aberrations was evaluated in cultured rat liver (RL1) cells (strain not specified). Based on preliminary toxicity determinations, monolayer cultures were treated with 75, 150 and 300ug/ml of test material and incubated for 22 hours, at the end of which colcemid was added for the last two hours. Chromosome changes were analyzed in 100 cells from each culture. Para-(tert-butyl)toluene did not produce a significant increase in the chromosome aberrations relative to the negative control.

The excretion of 4-(tert-butyl)benzoic acid (TBB) as an urinary metabolite of 4-(tert-butyl)toluene (TBT) was studied in rats (strain and number of animals not reported) exposed by gavage to dose levels of 0, 25 or 100 mg/kg/day for 5 days. Urine was sampled 24 hr after the last dosing. TBB was identified as a dose-related urinary metabolite of TBT. No TBB was detected in control animals. No 4-(tert-butyl)hippuric acid was detected in any of the animals.

In an industrial setting, a review of the health records of 33 workers exposed to 4-T-butyltoluene evaporated from a wash solution showed that 8 persons complained of nasal irritation, skin irritation, and symptoms referable to central nervous system such as nausea, malaise, headache, and weakness. Ten of the 33 workers experienced a cardiovascular syndrome characterized by decreased blood pressure and increased pulse rate. There were also some signs of adverse effects on hemopoietic system: leukopenia in 7; eosinophilia in 13; lowered hemoglobin in 8; erythropenia in 2; prolonged clotting time in 5; and an elevated icterus index in 2. None of the observations were considered to be serious and none persisted upon removal from exposure.

Sensory responses were studied for 12 volunteers who were exposed for 5 min to 4-T-butyltoluene concentrations varying from 5-160 ppm. Mild eye irritation was recognized by at least 1 subject at all concentrations and 2 cases of moderate eye irritation occurred at 80 ppm. Nasal mucosal irritation was the next frequent response which was recognized at concentrations above 10 ppm. Throat irritation was noted at concentrations above 60 ppm. Special responses, such as nausea and metallic taste, were also noted at concentration above 20 ppm. Except at the highest concentration, 160 ppm, there was no real discomfort on the part of any of the subjects. Only 1 subject complained of dizziness and decreased respiratory effort at 160 ppm.

Human volunteers recognized concentrations as low as 5 ppm but found 80 ppm not especially unpleasant. A low-grade transient intoxication was observed in some workers during pilot-scale production of p-TBT; nasal irritation, nausea, malaise, headache, and weakness were the specific complaints referable to TBT exposures. Objective findings were referable to the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system, and the skin. The cardiovascular syndrome was characterized by decreased blood pressure, increased pulse rate, and failure to respond to the Master's test, a 2-step cardiac performance test. Half of the exposed group showed tremor and anxiety, a quarter of the group showed evidence of chemical contact irritation of the respiratory tract.

Man: moderate eye irritation: 80 ppm/5 minutes

Moderately toxic by exposure and inhalation. Symptoms: weakness, tremor, irritation of eyes and respiratory tract; headache, vertigo (dizziness), nausea; malaise (feeling of illness).

4-t-Butyltoluene is present in waste streams generated during its industrial manufacture(1); these waste streams could be a source of environmental release. 4-t-Butyltoluene's use as a solvent for resins(2) may result in its release to air through evaporation(SRC).

Using a standard dilution method over a 5-day inoculation period and a seed from an effluent of a biological sanitary waste treatment plant, 4-t-butyltoluene was found to have a 2% theoretical BOD when the seed was not adapted and 6% theoretical BOD when the seed was adapted(1).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. p-tert-Butyltoluene is included on this list.

Little information had been available on the metabolism of TBT until 1983, when an extensive study was conducted ... TBT /was administered/ to rats and guinea pigs intragastrically at a dose of 100 mg/kg and analyzed metabolites of TBT in glucuronidase-sulfatase-treated urine using gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods. In this study, p-tert-butylbenzoic acid and its alcohol derivative, 2-(p-carboxyphenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-ol, were identified as the major (17-22% of dose) urinary metabolites in rats, whereas p-tert-butylbenzoylglycine was found to be the most prominent metabolite (34% of dose) in guinea pigs. Minor metabolites (2-4% of dose) found in rat urine were 2-methyl-2-p-tolyl-propan-1-ol and p-tert-butylbenzoylglycine , while those in the guinea pig were p-tert-butylbenzoic acid, 2-methyl-2-p-tolylpropan-1-ol, and 2-methyl-2-p-tolylpropionic acid which was not detected at all in rats. Trace amounts (<0.5% of dose) of p-tert-butylbenzyl alcohol were found both in rat and guinea pig urine. 2-(p-Carboxyphenyl)-2-methylpropionic acid, a trace amount, was detected only in rat urine. Similar metabolism of TBT was also found when the chemical was given by inhalation. In this case, trace amounts of 2-(p-carboxyphenyl)-2- methylpropan-1-ol, which was not identified after intragastric administration, was detected in the urine of guinea pigs.

TBT IS ABSORBED INTO BLOOD BY INHALATION OF VAPOR & BY ORAL ADMIN OF LIQ. ... PROBABLE THAT OWING TO ITS LOW VAPOR PRESSURE ONLY SMALL AMT IS EXHALED UNCHANGED, MAJOR PART BEING METABOLIZED IN LIVER & EXCRETED AS WATER SOL METABOLITES IN URINE, AS CONJUGATES OF ALCOHOLS OR CARBOXYLIC ACIDS WITH GLUCURONIC ACIDS OR GLYCINE.

In mice exposed to 1000 ppm TBT, a substantial amount of the chemical was detected in the blood (2.1 ug/ml) 15 min after the start of inhalation and reached a plateau level (4.8-5.3 ug/ml) 4 hr after continous exposure. It can also be absorbed into blood following oral administration and skin application.

The excretion rate of radioactivity in the urine of rats given an intragastric dose (100 mg/kg) of (methyl-(14)C) TBT followed a biphasic curve; the half-life of the first phase was about 19 hr and that of the second phase was about 82 hr. This suggests that accumulation of TBT within the animal body could be expected following repeated exposures to the chemical.

Used as solvent for resins and as a chemical intermediate for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries; [HSDB]

Plastic Composites Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

AS A SOLVENT FOR RESINS; AS A PRIMARY INTERMEDIATE IN CHEM INDUSTRY

CHEM INT FOR P-TERT-BUTYLBENZOIC ACID-RESIN RAW MATERIAL, PHARMACEUTICALS; SOLVENT FOR RESIN PREPN

(1977) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 2.04X10+7 GRAMS

(1978) 3.18X10+9 GRAMS (CONSUMPTION)