3-Chlorophenol

Other Classes -> Chlorophenols

Corrosives

log Kow = 2.5

2.47/2.52

Odor similar to phenol

Strong medicinal odor

1.245 at 113 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.245 at 45 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.245

1.245 @ 45°C

Needles

White crystals

10 to 50 mg/mL at 59 °F (NTP, 1992)

Slightly sol in chloroform; soluble in ethanol and ether; very sol in benzene

Soluble in caustic alkali

In water, 2.60X10+4 mg/L at 20 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 2.6

greater than 233.6 °F (NTP, 1992)

Flash point > 112 °C

>112 °C (closed cup)

>112 °C

417 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

214 °C

214 °C

Warning

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Warning

H302 (98.3%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Phenol, 3-chloro-

3-Chlorophenol: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

This chemical is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include irritation, burns and corrosion of the eyes, skin, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. It may also cause restlessness, increase in rate of respiration, motor weakness, tremors, clonic convulsions, dyspnea, coma and death.

A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; [ICSC] Adverse effects are similar to those of phenol; [HSDB] A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and upper respiratory tract; May cause convulsions; [CAMEO] See Phenol. See CHLOROPHENOLS.

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of 3-chlorophenol stem from its toxicologic properties. Toxic by all routes (ie, ingestion, inhalation, dermal absorption), exposure to this white crystalline substance may occur from its use as a chemical intermediate. Effects from exposure can include burns to the skin and eyes, weakness, headache, dizziness, shock, and death from cardiac or pulmonary failure. Contact with 3-chlorophenol should be protected against by wearing a self-contained breathing apparatus, and chemical protective clothing specifically recommended by the shipper or producer. However, if contact does occur, immediately flush affected skin or eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes, and remove and isolate contaminated clothing. While 3-chlorophenol does not ignite easily, it can burn, producing irritating and poisonous gases. For small fires involving 3-chlorophenol, extinguish with dry chemical, CO2, Halon, water spray, or standard foam. Runoff from fire control water may give off poisonous gases, and should be controlled by diking, as necessary. 3-Chlorophenol may be shipped via air, rail, road, or water in containers bearing the label, "Keep away from food." Small spills of 3-chlorophenol may be taken up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent and placed into containers for later disposal. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance.

USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Chlorinated Phenols (1980) EPA 440/5-80-032.

Nat'l Research Council Canada; Chlorinated Phenols (1982) NRCC No 18578

Environmental Protection Service; Chlorophenols and Their Impurities in the Canandian Environment Report EPS 3-EC-81-2 (1981).

U.S. Dept Health & Human Services/Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry; Toxicological Profile for Chlorophenols PB/99/166639 (July 1999). Available from the Database Query page at: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html# as of October 28, 2008

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Chlorophenols are produced as an intermediate or final product by process units covered under this subpart. /Chlorophenols/

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam extinguishers. Vapors are heavier than air and well collect in low areas. ...Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. ...From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. /Monochlorophenols/

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storage containers to precess containers. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. /Monochlorophenols/

Phenolic cmpd in wastewater are oxidized with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by iron(3+)-iron(2+). When the wt ratio of phenol:hydrogen peroxide is 1:3 and iron 5-100 ppm, more than 95% of the phenols are removed in 30 min from a 500 ppm phenol soln at pH 5-6 and 25-50 °C. /Phenolic cmpd/

Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. /Monochlorophenols/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Chemical Treatability of m-Chlorophenol; Concentration Process: Biological Treatment; Chemical Classification: Phenols; Scale of Study: Laboratory Scale Type of Wastewater Used: Pure Compound (one solute in a solvent) Results of Study: 100% reduction in 28 hours; (Biodegradation by mutant Pseudomonas species).

Chemical Treatability of m-Chlorophenol with 13% NaCl Concentration Process: Resin Absorption; Chemical Classification: Phenols; Scale of Study: Unknown; Type of Wastewater Used: Industrial Wastewater Results of Study: At zero leakage sorption capacity was 0.07 lb/lb; (15 minute contact time Amberlite XAD-4 used).

A) Dissolve in such combustible solvent as alcohols, benzene etc. Spray the solvent into the furnace with afterburner and scrubber. B) Pour into sodium bicarbonate or a mixture of sand-soda ash (9:1). After mixing, transfer into a paper carton filled with packing paper. Burn more efficiently in the furnace with an afterburner and scrubber. Recommendable method: Incineration. Not recommendable method: Discharge to sewer.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Immediately wash contaminated areas of skin with concentrated soap solution. Contaminated gloves, clothing, shoes should be removed without delay and disposed by incineration.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae, exponential growth phase, 50000 cells/mL); Conditions: freshwater, static, 21 °C; Concentration: 29000 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: growth, general /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age <72 hr) Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.8-8.2, hardness 200 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen > or = 2.27 mg/L; Concentration: 15780 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 13800-17750 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, immobilization />95% purity/

LC50; Species: Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout); Conditions: freshwater, renewal,14.5-15.5 °C, pH 8.0, dissolved oxygen 9.5-10.4 mg/L; Concentration: 10,000 ug/L for 48 hr /formulated product/

LC50; Species: Oryzias latipes (Medaka); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 4500 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 3300-6100 ug/L) /formulated product/

LD50 Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout, weight 10-40 g) injection, ip, 5.04 mmol/kg

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an experimental Koc value of 350(2) indicates that 3-chlorophenol is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 3-chlorophenol is 9.12(3), indicating that this compound will partially exist in an anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of 3-chlorophenol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 3.45X10-7 atm-cu m/mole for the neutral species(5). 3-Chlorophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.125 mm Hg(6). 3-Chlorophenol is expected to biodegrade in both aerobic and anaerobic soils with biodegradation half-lives ranging from 15 to 160 days(6-8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an experimental Koc value of 350(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 3-chlorophenol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 3.45X10-7 atm-cu m/mole for the neutral species(4). According to a classification scheme(5), a measured BCF range of 5.1 to 16(6) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 3-Chlorophenol has a reported half-life of 36 days in water(7), degraded 6% after 40 days in farm stream water, degraded 56% after 30 days in farm stream sediments(8), and degraded 31.7% after 5 days in Chinese river water(9), indicating that biodegradation of 3-chlorophenol in aquatic environments may be limited under certain conditions(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 3-chlorophenol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.125 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 3-chlorophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.4 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 3-Chlorophenol absorbs light in the deep UV, but since there is some overlap between its absorption spectrum and the tropospheric solar spectrum, degradation by natural sunlight is possible(4).

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

3-Chlorophenol has been detected in the effluent of a pulp mill in Canada at concentrations of 90, 91 and 93 ug/L(1). In the analysis of chlorinated sewage treatment plant effluents, 3-chlorophenol was found at a concentration of 0.5 ug/L(2).

The Koc of 3-chlorophenol in soil was reported as 350(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this Koc value suggests that 3-chlorophenol is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 3-chlorophenol is 9.12(3), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Chlorophenols can be irreversibly immobilized by covalent bonding to soil organic matter (SOM). Irreversible binding increased with the addition of hydrogen peroxide and under anoxic conditions(5).

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Caution: ingestion causes incr then decr of respiration, blood pressure, urinary output; fever; increased bowel action; motor weakness; collapse with convulsions & death. Causes lung, liver, kidney damage; contact dermatitis. ... Dust causes sneezing.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ 1. Burning pain in mouth and throat. White necrotic lesions in mouth, esophagus and stomach. Abdominal pain, vomiting, ... and bloody diarrhea. 2. Pallor, sweating, weakness, headache, dizziness, tinnitus. 3. Shock: Weak irregular pulse, hypotension, shallow respirations, cyanosis, pallor, and a profound fall in body temperature. 4. Possibly fleeting excitement and confusion, followed by unconsciousness ... 5. Stentorous breathing, mucous rales, rhonchi, frothing at nose and mouth and other signs of pulmonary edema are sometimes seen. Characteristic odor of phenol on the breath. 6. Scanty, dark-colored ... urine ... moderately severe renal insufficiency may appear. 7. Methemoglobinemia, Heinz body hemolytic anemia and hyperbilirubinemia have been reported ... 8. Death from respiratory, circulatory, or cardiac failure. 9. If spilled on skin, pain is followed promptly by numbness. The skin becomes blanched, and a dry opaque eschar forms over the burn. When the eschar sloughs off, a brown stain remains. /Phenol/

Chlorination of polluted & natural water can produce ... chlorophenols. /Chlorophenols/

3-Chlorophenol's production and use in organic synthesis(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Chlorophenols are produced as an intermediate or final product by process units covered under this subpart. /Chlorophenols/

M-CHLOROPHENOL YIELDS M-CHLOROANISOLE IN GUINEA PIGS. YIELDS 4-CHLOROCATECHOL IN RABBITS. YIELDS M-CHLOROPHENYL-BETA-D-GLUCURONIDE & M-CHLOROPHENYL SULFATE IN RABBITS.

... Various chlorophenols are formed as intermediate metabolites during the microbiological degradation of the herbicides 2,4-D & 2,4,5-T and pesticides Silvex, Ronnel, lindane, and benzene hexachloride. /Chlorophenols/

Mammalian metabolism of chlorobenzene yields 3-chlorophenol as /one of/ the major products.

Used as an intermediate in organic synthesis; [Hawley] Used as a biocide, veterinary antiseptic, and disinfectant for homes, hospitals, and farms; [Merck Index] Used as a soil sterilant; [CHEMINFO]

Using Disinfectants or Biocides [Category: Clean]

Intermediate in organic synthesis

(1977) 7.01X10+6 G (PRINCPL CUSTMS DISTS)

(1986) 3.33X10+5 lb

... FROM DIAZOTIZED M-CHLOROANILINE

BY HYDROLYSIS OF 1,3-DICHLOROBENZENE WITH CUPRIC SALTS & HYDROXYLAMINE; BY VAPOR PHASE HYDROLYSIS OF 1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE IN THE PRESENCE OF A PHOSPHATE CATALYST

The mono-, di-, or trihalogenated phenols having at least one chlorine atom in a meta position ... cannot be obtained by the chlorination of phenol, but must be made by other types of reactions, such as hydrolysis, sulfonation, hydrodechlorination, hydroxylation, and alkylation. /Mono-, Di-, and Trichlorophenols with Chlorine in a Meta Position/

Phenol, 3-chloro-: ACTIVE

The preparation of agricultural chemicals consumes 80-90% of chlorophenol production. /Chlorophenols/