1-Brombutan

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

INHALATION: Move victim to fresh air. If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

To fight fire use carbon dioxide, dry chemical, mist or spray.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Use alcohol foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Materials which are toxic as stored or which can decomp into toxic components... should be stored in a cool well ventilated place, out of the direct rays of the sun, away from areas of high fire hazard, and should be periodically inspected. Incompatible materials should be isolated...

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Use alcohol foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

Immediate precautionary measure

0.16 [ppm]

51 [ppm]

310 [ppm]

Approved respirator, chemical safety goggles, rubber gloves. (USCG, 1999)

Personnel Protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles.

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 80(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-bromobutane is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-bromobutane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.7X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 42.0 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 8.69X10+2 mg/L(4). 1-Bromobutane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 42.0 mm Hg(3). Limited data on the biodegradation of 1-bromobutane showed bacterial degradation has been observed(5,6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 80(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-bromobutane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.7X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 42.0 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 8.69X10+2 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.5 hours and 4.7 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 26(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.75(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 1-Bromobutane was found to degrade in sediment slurry under anaerobic conditions(9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-bromobutane, which has a vapor pressure of 42.0 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-bromobutane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6.4 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.50X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 1-Bromobutane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

1-bromobutane reacts quickly with hepatic glutathione (GSH) leading to its rapid depletion. This can cause liver damage and has been shown to increase serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Hepatic contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances can also be significantly increased. Splenic GSH levels can also be significantly reduced by single treatment with 1-bromobutane. S-Butyl GSH conjugates were detected in spleen from 6 hr after treatment. Oral 1-bromobutane significantly suppressed the antibody response to a T-dependent antigen and the production of splenic intracellular interlukin-2.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 1-bromobutane can be estimated to be 80(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-bromobutane is expected to have high mobility in soil.

1-Bromobutane (CAS # 109-65-9) was evaluated for acute oral toxicity. The test substance was administered once orally by gavage to fasted male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Dosage and mortality data are as follows: 1000 mg/kg (0/5 M, 0/5 F); 1967.9 mg/kg (0/5 M, 0/5 F); 3872.6 mg/kg (5/5 M, 4/5 F); 7620.8 mg/kg (5/5 M, 5/5 F); and 15,000 mg/kg (5/5 M, 5/5 F). The LD50 of male rats was determined to be 2761 mg/kg body weight, and the LD50 of females was 3161 mg/kg body weight. Clinical signs at all dose levels, included slight depression, rough coat, tremors, and red stain on eyes and/or nose. At 1967.9 mg/kg and above, soft feces, ataxia, labored respiration, and urine stains were noted. At 3872.6 mg/kg and 7620.8 mg/kg, salvation, lacrimation, prostration, and hunching were noted. Gross pathology at 3872.6 mg/kg and above, revealed bright red discoloration of the lungs, fluid in the thoracic cavity, dark-black urinary bladder, and material in the stomach and intestine (dark red, greenish, oily black, compound-like).

Used as an alkylating agent and in the preparation of drugs; [HSDB]

In synthesis

Alkylating agent.

In preparation of drugs

2023: 1,000,000 - <2,500,000 lb

(1986) 10 thousand - 500 thousand pounds

(1990) > 500 thousand - 1 million pounds

(1994) 10 thousand - 500 thousand pounds

(1998) >1 million - 10 million pounds

(2002) >1 million - 10 million pounds

Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

Butane, 1-bromo-: ACTIVE