Trisodium Phosphate

HCID 24243CAS 10101-89-0

Basic information

Standard SMILES
O=P([O-])([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]
InChIKey
RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K
Molecular formula
Na3O4P
Average molar mass
163.941 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass
163.92272832

Names & identifiers

Preferred name
Trisodium Phosphate
IUPAC
trisodium;phosphate
English name
Sodium phosphate tribasic dodecahydrate
Molecular formula
H6NaO5P
Molecular weight
140.01

Names & synonyms

TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE7601-54-9Trisodium orthophosphateTrometeTribasic sodium phosphatePhosphoric acid, trisodium saltOakitePhosphoric acid trisodium saltSodium phosphate, anhydrousTrinatriumphosphatNutrifos STPDri-Tri
Show more names
TSPSODIUM PHOSPHATE TRIBASICSODIUM PHOSPHATE DODECAHYDRATETRI-SODIUM PHOSPHATE DODECAHYDRATEsodiuM phosphatTRI-SODIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE DODECAHYDRATEKH2PO9TSP, 12-HYDRATETSP dodecahydrateTRISODIUM PHOSHATE
Antisal 4Tertiary sodium phosphateSodium phosphate (Na3PO4)Tribasic sodium orthophosphateSodium tertiary phosphateEmulsiphos 440/660Sodium orthophosphate, tertiaryTribasic sodium-phosphate

Database identifiers

CAS
10101-89-0、10124-56-8、10361-89-4、65185-91-3、68130-75-6、7601-54-9、7758-29-4、7785-84-4、96337-98-3
PubChem CID
24243
DTXSID
DTXSID2035223
ChEMBL
CHEMBL363100
ChEBI
CHEBI:37583
UNII
SX01TZO3QZ
EC Number
231-509-8、265-604-0、619-207-8
Nikkaji
J3.742G

Properties

Computed structural properties

Topological polar surface area
86.3 Ų
Hydrogen bond donors
0
Hydrogen bond acceptors
4
Rotatable bonds
0
Heavy atoms
8

Experimental & physicochemical properties

pH · 2 items

Between 11,5 and 12,5 (1 % solution)

The aqueous soln is strongly alkaline. pH of 0.1% soln: 11.5; of 0.5% soln: 11.7; of 1.0% soln: 11.9.

Density · 3 items

1.62 at 68 °F (Hydrate) 2.52 anhydrous (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

2.54 g/cu cm

Relative density (water = 1): 2.5

Color/FormColorless crystals
Solubility · 6 items

Freely soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol

Colorless or white crystals. When rapidly heated melts at about 75 °C. Does not lose the last mol of water even on moderate ignition. Specific gravity 1.6. Soluble in 3.5 parts water, 1 part boiling water; insol in alcohol. /Dodecahydrate/

14.5 g/100 g water at 25 °C

25.8 g sol in 100 g water at 20 °C

Qualitative solubility: soluble in water

Solubility in water, g/l at 20 °C: 121 (good)

CorrosivityWhen wet, mild steel or brass may be corroded by trisodium phosphate.
Boiling PointThe hydrate loses 11 moles of water at 212 °F. (USCG, 1999)

Physicochemical properties

Melting point
75 °C · 75 °C
Density
1.62 g/mL · 1.62 g/mL at 25 °C
bulk density
950 kg/m3 · 950kg/m3
storage temp.
5 °C · Store at +5°C to +30°C.
solubility
2 O: · H2O: 0.5 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form
Solid

Safety & regulation

GHS classification

GHS Classification · 6 items

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 5.5% (77 of 1393) of reports.

Warning

H315 (90.2%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation];H319 (90.1%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation];H335 (85.1%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1393 reports by companies from 35 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.;Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 77 of 1393 reports by companies.;There are 33 notifications provided by 1316 of 1393 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).;Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Hazard information

Regulatory Information · 6 items

Chemical: Phosphoric acid, sodium salt (2:3)

Chemical: Phosphoric acid, trisodium salt

Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 (amended)

Phosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:3) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Phosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:3) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 16-07-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14805

Sodium orthophosphate, tribasic: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Other Safety Information · 2 items

IMAP assessments - Trisodium phosphate: Human health tier II assessment

IMAP assessments - Phosphoric acid, sodium salt (2:3): Human health tier I assessment

DOT LabelCorrosive
Fire Hazards · 2 items

Behavior in Fire: At fire temperature decomposes to emit highly toxic and irritating phosphorus oxides. (USCG, 1999)

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Fire PotentialNONFLAMMABLE. /SODIUM PHOSPHATE, TRIBASIC DODECAHYDRATE/
Health Hazards · 1 item

INHALATION: Will produce local irritation in the respiratory tract. A burning sensation in the nose and throat, as well as coughing (and in high concentrations, choking) may be noted. May cause lung irritation. EYES: Immediate and severe pain followed by conjuctival edema and corneal clouding. Cataracts may form. SKIN: Immediate local reactions, including reddening, itching and irritation, followed by loss of surface layers of the skin. INGESTION: Severe tissue damage to all portions of the gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms include pain and burning wherever contact is made. Nausea, vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea may occur. Tissue corrosion and ulceration may result if untreated. (USCG, 1999)

Safety & protection

Fire Fighting · 2 items

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:;SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.;LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.;FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

First Aid Measures · 4 items

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower for at least 15 minutes. Refer immediately for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Rest. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First AidGet medical aid.;INHALATION: Remove from exposure. If needed, give artificial respiration.;EYES: Wash with running water for 15 min. Continue irrigation for additional 15 min. if physician is (USCG, 1999)
Safe StorageSeparated from strong acids. Dry. Well closed.
Firefighting HazardsBehavior in fire: May melt with loss of steam. /Sodium Phosphates/
Fire Fighting ProceduresIf material is on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.)

Toxicology

Interactions · 1 item

In rabbits fed an arteriosclerosis-inducing diet, simultaneous feeding of trisodium phosphate (50 mg/kg diet) prevented for the 1st month the rise in plasma total lipids and total cholesterol seen in the unmedicated controls. For the next month, these parameters increased to some extent, but less than in the controls. The mechanism of action is thought to involve the metabolism of inorganic phosphate.

Ecotoxicity Values · 3 items

LC50; Species: Gambusia affinis (Western mosquitofish, adult female); Conditions: freshwater, static, 17-22 °C, pH 7.4-10.3, alkalinity <100 mg/L CaCO3, turbidity 70-150 mg/L; Concentration: 88300 ug/L for 24 hr

LC50; Species: Gambusia affinis (Western mosquitofish, adult female); Conditions: freshwater, static, 17-22 °C, pH 7.4-10.3, alkalinity <100 mg/L CaCO3, turbidity 70-150 mg/L; Concentration: 28500 ug/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Clarias gariepinus (Zambezi barbel, fingerling); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 748169.5 ug/L for 96 hr

Adverse Effects · 2 items

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.;Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.;Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

Exposure RoutesSerious local effects by all routes of exposure.
Toxicity Summary · 2 items

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that the following 31 ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics as described in this safety assessment, when formulated to be non-irritating...Trisodium Phosphate...

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

Signs and Symptoms · 4 items

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath.

Skin burns. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Cough. Sore throat. Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse.

Regulatory information

Regulatory Information · 6 items

Chemical: Phosphoric acid, sodium salt (2:3)

Chemical: Phosphoric acid, trisodium salt

Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 (amended)

Phosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:3) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Phosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:3) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 16-07-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14805

Sodium orthophosphate, tribasic: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

FDA Requirements · 5 items

Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic) used as a multiple purpose food substance in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice. /Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic)/

Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic) used as a sequesterant in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice. /Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic)/

Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic) used as a nutrient in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice. /Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic)/

Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic) used as a general purpose food additive animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice. /Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic/

For more FDA Requirements (Complete) data for TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

FIFRA Requirements · 3 items

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. (a) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-contact surfaces in public eating places, dairy-processing equipment, and food-processing equipment and utensils. Phosphoric acid, trisodium salt is included on this list. Limit: When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 5916 ppm.

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (c) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-processing equipment and utensils. Phosphoric acid, trisodium salt is included on this list. Limit: When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 5916 ppm.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Trisodium phosphate is found on List D. Case No: 4053; Pesticide type: fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: None of the active ingredients in the case are being supported for reregistration by their registrants. All are unsupported, or some are unsupported and some are cancelled. Cases described as "unsupported" generally are being processed for cancellation.; Active ingredient (AI): trisodium phosphate; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products. Thus, we characterize it as "cancelled.".

CERCLA Reportable Quantities · 1 item

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Clean Water Act Requirements · 1 item

Sodium phosphate, tribasic is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

Safety data

wgk
1
tsca
Yes
rtecs
TC9575000
ridadr
UN 3262 8/PG 3
hs_code
28352300
Toxicity
LD50 orally in Rabbit: 7400 mg/kg

Chemistry & industry

Pharmacology

Bionecessity · 2 items

Phosphate is a major intracellular anion which participates in providing energy for metabolism of substances and contributes to important metabolic and enzymatic reactions in almost all organs and tissues. Phosphate exerts a modifying influence on calcium concentrations, a buffering effect on acid-base equilibrium, and has a major role in the renal excretion of hydrogen ions. /Phosphate/

Phosphate as a nutrient is also a limiting factor to plant growth. /Phosphate/

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion · 2 items

Sodium orthophosphate is poorly absorbed & relatively nontoxic /SRP: systemically/

/Ortho/ phosphate is absorbed from, and to a limited extent secreted into, the gastrointestinal tract. Transport of phosphate from the gut lumen is an active, energy-dependent process that is modified by several factors. ... Vitamin D stimulates phosphate absorption, an effect reported to precede its action on calcium ion transport. In adults, about two thirds of the ingested phosphate is absorbed, and that which is absorbed is almost entirely excreted into the urine. In growing children, phosphate balance is positive. Concentrations of phosphate in plasma are higher in children than in adults. This "hyperphosphatemia" decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen and is hypothesized to explain the physiological "anemia" of childhood. /Phosphates/

Uses & manufacturing

Uses · 6 items

CIR ingredient: Trisodium Phosphate

Used in soaps and detergents; Used in paper and leather manufacturing; [CHEMINFO] Used in scouring powders, photographic developers, water softeners, boiler scale removers, and food additives; [HSDB]

Pulp and Paper Processing [Category: Industry];Leather Tanning and Processing [Category: Industry];Photographic Processing [Category: Other]

Used in photographic developers and detergents ; Also used to clarify sugar, remove boiler scale, soften water, make paper, and tan leather; [Merck Index] Used in dairy substitutes, to remove insecticides from fruit, and to inhibit mold; [HSDB] Used mainly in the dodecahydrate form as an alkaline source, e.g., heavy-duty cleaner and scouring agent; [AIHA]

Pulp and Paper Processing [Category: Industry];Leather Tanning and Processing [Category: Industry];Photographic Processing [Category: Other]

For trisodium phosphate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 076406) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

U.S. Exports(1984) 1.74X10+10 G /SODIUM PHOSPHATES, NSPF/
U.S. Production · 5 items

2023: 4,000,000 - <5,500,000 lb;2022: 4,000,000 - <5,500,000 lb;2021: 5,500,000 - <7,000,000 lb;2020: 4,000,000 - <5,500,000 lb

(1972) 5.25X10+10 GRAMS

(1975) 5.1X10+10 GRAMS

Well over 100 million lb of trisodium phosphate is consumed annually in the USA.

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#1680]

Consumption Patterns · 1 item

46% AS AN INDUSTRIAL & INSTITUTIONAL DETERGENT BUILDER & IN WATER TREATMENT; 27% AS A HOUSEHOLD DETERGENT BUILDER & IN WATER TREATMENT; 19% IN ELASTOMERS & FOR EXPORT; 7% IN HOUSEHOLD SCOURING CLEANSERS; 1% AS EMULSIFIER IN PROCESSED CHEESE (1973).

Consumer UsesLubricating agent;Cleaning agent;Thickening agent;Corrosion inhibitor;Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable;Emulsifier;Softener and conditioner;Laboratory chemicals
Industry UsespH regulating agent;Surfactant (surface active agent);Lubricating agent;Other;Anti-scaling agent;Emulsifier;Soil amendments (fertilizers);Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable;Corrosion inhibitor;Cleaning agent
Applications · 4 items

Uses(1) It can be used as the water softener, detergent, boiler detergents, metal rust inhibitors, dyeing fixing agent, fluxing agent for enamel production, bleaching agent, leather degreaser agent and degumming agent etc. (2) It can be used as analytical reagents, water softener and metal cleaning agent. (3) It can be used as water softener, boiler cleaning agents and metal rust inhibitors. It can also be applied to paper, leather, photography and so on. (4) It can be used as the softener, detergent, boiler scale inhibitor, water softener for paper dyeing water softener, PH buffers of the adhesive for producing glossy paper, the fixing agent for textile printing, mercerized enhancer for fabric, tendering resistant agent for making thread in the chemical, textile printing paper dyeing, power generation and other industries. It can be used for chemical degreasing and decontamination, and can also be used as the metal corrosion resistance agent or rust inhibitor in metallurgical industry; fluxing agent and bleaching agent in enamel industry; degreasing agents and rawhide unglued agent in leather industry; favorable promoter for photographic developing solution; tooth cleaners and detergents for bottle; coagulating agent for rubber latex; juice purification agents. (5) It can be used as water softener, photographic developer and detergents. (6) Phosphate has the effect of improving quality in food processing, for example, keep the water capacity in meat and improve adhesive force in order to reduce the loss of nutrients make the meat soft. It can be used as the emulsifier, nutritional supplement and quality improver In food processing. It is the raw material of making the buck. It can also be used for refining the sugar and making theα-starch. The detergents for the bottles and cans.

DescriptionSodium phosphate tribasic dodecahydrate is also known as trisodium phospate or TSP. It is a highly soluble in water and widely used as a cleaning agent. The pH of a 1% solution is typically around 12, making this reagent sufficiently alkaline for saponification of grease and oils. In combination with surfactants, TSP is an excellent agent for cleaning everything from laundry to concrete driveways. This versatility and low manufacturing price made TSP the basis for a plethora of cleaning products sold in the mid-20th century. Trisodium phosphate is used in the isolation of mycobacteria, including culturing of tubercle bacilli. Has been used as a protein precipitant in certain applications and in co-precipitation and fractionization of nucleotides. May be used for the preservation of biologically active soil samples. Because of the alkaline pH, TSP disrupts cytoplasmic and outer membranes of Salmonella enterica cells making it useful in preventing the spread of bacteria. It is used in photographic developing, clarifying sugar, removing boiler scale, softening water and manufacturing of paper. They are added to many foods as an emulsifier to prevent oil separation. It can be utilized as a leavening agent. Some instances of these foods include the batter coating on breaded fish or chicken, and commercially baked cakes. Adding this item to food increases the shelf life of the food, maintaining the texture and visual aspect of the food.

UsesSodium phosphate tribasic dodecahydrate is often used in the formulation of various buffers.

General DescriptionSodium phosphate tribasic dodecahydrate is a hydrated trisodium salt of phosphoric acid. It is widely used in various water treatment methods.

Related reactions

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