Basic information
- Standard SMILES
O=[N+]([O-])[O-].O=[N+]([O-])[O-].[Ca+2]- InChIKey
ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N- Molecular formula
- Ca(NO3)2
- Average molar mass
- 164.09 g/mol
- Monoisotopic mass
- 163.9382267
Overview
Calcium nitrate appears as white to light gray granular solid. May be either the anhydrous compound or the tetrahydrate. Used in fertilizers, explosives and pyrotechnics.
Names & identifiers
- Preferred name
- Calcium nitrate
- IUPAC
- calcium dinitrate
- English name
- Calcium nitrate
- Molecular formula
- CaN2O6
- Molecular weight
- 164.09
Names & synonyms
CALCIUM NITRATE10124-37-5Calcium dinitrateLime nitrateNitric acid, calcium saltNorwegian saltpeterNorge saltpeterLime saltpeterCalcium saltpeterSynfat 1006Calcium(II) nitrate (1:2)Saltpeter [Norway]
Show more names
CA(NO3)2Calcium nitrate anhydrousCALCIUM NITRATE SOLUTIONsynfat1006nitrocalciteCalciumnitratlimesaltpeternorgesaltpeternorwaysaltpeter
DTXSID1039719Nitric acid, calcium salt (2:1)NF52F38N1NNitric acid calcium salt (2:1)anhydrous calcium nitrateDTXCID9019719CHEBI:64205SALTPETER (NORWAY)
Database identifiers
- CAS
10124-37-5、10124-37-5 (anhydrous)- PubChem CID
- 24963
- DTXSID
DTXSID1039719- ChEMBL
CHEMBL3183960- ChEBI
CHEBI:64205- UNII
- NF52F38N1N
- EC Number
- 233-332-1
Properties
Computed structural properties
- Topological polar surface area
- 126 Ų
- Hydrogen bond donors
- 0
- Hydrogen bond acceptors
- 6
- Rotatable bonds
- 0
- Heavy atoms
- 9
- Formal charge
- 0
- Complexity
- 18.8
Experimental & physicochemical properties
Chemical Classes
Nitrogen Compounds -> Nitrates and Nitrites
Reactive agents - 1st degree
pH5% aq soln= 6.0
Density
2.5 at 64.4 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink
2.5 @ 25 °C /Tetrahydrate/
MP= 42 °C; Density 1.82 /tetrahydrate/
2.50 g/cm³
2.36 @25 °C
Color/Form
Deliquescent granules
White, cubic crystals
White mass
Solubility
Very sol in water; freely sol in methanol, ethanol, acetone; almost insol in concn nitric acid
SOL IN ANHYD AMMONIA; IN ALCOHOL 14 G/100 CC @ 15 °C
Soluble in acetone; insoluble in ethanol
Solubility in water, g/100ml: 121.2
Decomposition
WHEN HEATED TO INCANDESCENCE, CALCIUM NITRATE DECOMP INTO /NITROGEN OXIDE, CALCIUM OXIDE AND OXYGEN/.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of nitroxides.
Melting Point
1042 °F (USCG, 1999)
About 560 °C
560 °C
561 °C
Food Contact SubstancesFCS -> FDA Inventory of Food Contact Substances Listed in 21 CFR
Physical Description
Calcium nitrate appears as white to light gray granular solid. May be either the anhydrous compound or the tetrahydrate. Used in fertilizers, explosives and pyrotechnics.
Other Solid; Dry Powder; CBI; Large Crystals; Liquid; Dry Powder; Liquid
White granules or crystals (tends to absorb water from air and become liquid);
COLOURLESS-TO-WHITE HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS.
Other Experimental Properties
Calcium nitrate crystallizes also with 4 H2O (30.5%), Melting @ 45 °C /Tetrahydrate/
Evolves heat when dissolved in water; deliquescent
Hygroscopic
Physicochemical properties
- Melting point
- 561 °C · 561°C
- Boiling point
- 130 · 130-140 °C
- Density
- 2.36 · 2.36
- storage temp.
- 15 · 15-25°C
- solubility
- soluble in ethanol, methanol, acetone
- form
- Liquid
- color
- white cubic crystals, crystalline; hygroscopic
- PH
- 0.5 · 0.5 (20°C in H2O)
- Flame Color
- Redish
- Water Solubility
- Soluble
- Specific Heat Capacity
- 0.91 J/ · Cp(crystal): 0.91 J/(g·K), at 25℃
- Major Application
- industrial qcpharmaceutical
- LogP
- -0.129 · -0.129 (est)
- CAS DataBase Reference
- 10124 · 10124-37-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
- Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances
- CALCIUM NITRATE
- FDA 21 CFR
- 175.105 · 175.105
- FDA UNII
- 52 F38N1N · NF52F38N1N
- EPA Substance Registry System
- Calcium nitrate (10124-37-5)
- UNSPSC Code
- 41116107 · 41116107
- NACRES
- 24 · NA.24
- Symbol(GHS)
- 7 · GHS07
- Signal word
- Warning
- Hazard statements
- 319 · H319-H315
- Precautionary statements
- 264 · P264-P280-P305+P351+P338-P337+P313P-P264-P280-P302+P352-P321-P332+P313-P362
- Hazard Codes
- Xi
- Risk Statements
- 36 · 36/37/38-36/38
- Safety Statements
- 24 · 24/25-36/37-26
- RIDADR
- 1454 · UN 1454
- WGK Germany
- -
- TSCA
- TSCA listed
- HazardClass
- 5.1 · 5.1
- PackingGroup
- III
- Storage Class
- 8 B · 8B - Non-combustible corrosive hazardous materials
- Hazard Classifications
- 2 Met · Eye Irrit. 2Met. Corr. 1Skin Irrit. 2
- Hazardous Substances Data
- 10124 · 10124-37-5(Hazardous Substances Data)
- REACH Registrations
- Active
Safety & regulation
GHS classification
GHS Classification
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.3% (4 of 1286) of reports.
Danger
H272 (26.9%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]
P210, P220, P234, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P390, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)
Aggregated GHS information provided per 1286 reports by companies from 27 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
Danger
Hazard information
Regulatory Information
Chemical: Nitric acid, calcium salt
Nitric acid, calcium salt (2:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Nitric acid, calcium salt (2:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)
Status: Active Update: 14-04-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15487
Nitric acid, calcium salt: HSNO Approval: HSR001318 Approved with controls
The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)
Other Safety InformationIMAP assessments - Nitric acid, calcium salt: Human health tier I assessment
DOT LabelOxidizer
Fire Hazards
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: May give off toxic oxides of nitrogen when involved in fire.
CAUTION: Ammonium nitrate products may explode if involved in fire or contaminated with hydrocarbons (fuels), organic matter, other contaminants or when hot molten and contained. Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112).
Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with combustible substances.
Fire PotentialIT IS A POWERFUL OXIDIZING AGENT & PRESENTS A DANGEROUS FIRE ... HAZARD.
Health Hazards
Dust causes mild irritation of eyes. (USCG, 1999)
· Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.
Hazards SummaryIngestion, e.g., infants drinking contaminated well water, could induce methemoglobinemia; [HSDB] May cause mild irritation of eyes; [CAMEO]
DOT ID and Guide1454 140
FDA RequirementsCalcium nitrate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.
Reactive GroupNitrate and Nitrite Compounds, Inorganic
UN ClassificationUN Hazard Class: 5.1; UN Pack Group: III
Reactivity AlertsStrong Oxidizing Agent
Safety & protection
Fire Fighting
Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:
In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.
First Aid Measures
Fresh air, rest.
First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again.
First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.
Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .
Accidental Release Measures
· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
First Aid
EYES or SKIN: flush with water and seek medical assistance. (USCG, 1999)
General First Aid:
Safe StorageSeparated from combustible substances and reducing agents. Dry.
Exposure Control and Personal Protection· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Fire Fighting Procedures
If material on fire or involved in fire: Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.
Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.
Storage ConditionsIT SHOULD NOT BE STORED NEAR ORG OR EASILY OXIDIZABLE MATERIALS.
Nonfire Spill ResponseExcerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:
Disposal Methods
SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
Spillage DisposalSweep spilled substance into covered plastic containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.
Preventive Measures
PROCESSES EMPLOYING CALCIUM NITRATE SHOULD BE MECHANIZED TO GREATEST POSSIBLE EXTENT. EXHAUST VENTILATION SHOULD BE INSTALLED TO COLLECT AIRBORNE DUST ...
If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers.
Personnel protection: ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.
SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.
Toxicology
Treatment
Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (L1613)
Health EffectsNitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (L1137)
Adverse EffectsMethemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect
Exposure Routes
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.
Oral (L1137) ; inhalation (L1137)
Toxicity Summary
Nitrate's toxicity is a result of it's conversion to nitrite once in the body. Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613)
Signs and Symptoms
Cough. Sore throat.
Redness.
Abdominal pain. Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Confusion. Convulsions. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Unconsciousness.
Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (L1137)
Human Toxicity Excerpts
CALCIUM NITRATE APPLIED AT 0.001 MOLAR...IN ISOTONIC NACL.../TO EYE/ CAUSES NO DISCOMFORT OR DISTURBANCE OTHER THAN THAT IT CURDLES PRECORNEAL TEAR FILM IN MANNER SIMILAR TO EFFECT OF EXTREMES OF ACIDITY & ALKALINITY, PRESUMABLY BECAUSE OF ACTION OF CALCIUM ION ON LIPID LAYER.
CALCIUM NITRATE HAS AN IRRITATING & CAUTERIZING ACTION ON SKIN & MUCOUS MEMBRANES.
CYANOSIS AMONG INFANTS WHO DRINK WELL WATER IS A FREQUENTLY ENCOUNTERED CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF NITRATE TOXICITY. /NITRATE SALTS/
Carcinogen ClassificationIngested nitrate or nitrite under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). (L135)
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts
In pigs fed large amt of whey, addition of 40 g of calcium nitrate per 100 L of milk (the amt usually advocated to prevent fermentation in cheese-making) could lead to toxic effects if the whole of the nitrate were converted into nitrite, as might occur during a warm season after prolonged storage of the whey.
Calcium nitrate soln (0.5, 0.25 M), alone or in combination with sucrose, were toxic to stem and flower (carnation) tissue prior to freezing. Calcium nitrate alone offered no protection at -4 °C. Flowers pretreated with 0.125 M calcium nitrate appeared translucent or water-soaked after 5 days at -4 °C.
Acute toxicity of nitrogen fertilizers for Daphnia magna, Planaria tigrina, and Poecilia reticulata in experiments lasting 120 hr in water at pH 6.0-6.5 or 7.5-7.8 was studied. Calcium nitrate has relatively low toxicity for fish and aquatic animals.
Antidote and Emergency Treatment
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/
Toxicity DataLD50: 302 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14)
Non-Human Toxicity ValuesLD50 Rat oral 302 mg/kg
Regulatory information
FDA RequirementsCalcium nitrate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.
Safety data
- wgk
- -
- tsca
- TSCA listed
- ridadr
- UN 1454
- risk_code
- 36/37/38-36/38
- Signal word
- Warning
- Symbol(GHS)
- GHS07
- hazard_code
- Xi
- safety_code
- 24/25-36/37-26
- hazard_class
- 5.1
- Storage Class
- 8B - Non-combustible corrosive hazardous materials
- packing_group
- III
- Hazard statements
- H319-H315
- REACH Registrations
- Active
- Hazard Classifications
- Eye Irrit. 2Met. Corr. 1Skin Irrit. 2
- Precautionary statements
- P264-P280-P305+P351+P338-P337+P313P-P264-P280-P302+P352-P321-P332+P313-P362
- Hazardous Substances Data
- 10124-37-5(Hazardous Substances Data)
Chemistry & industry
Pharmacology
Metabolism/Metabolites
Intake of some amount of nitrates and nitrites is a normal part of the nitrogen cycle in humans. In vivo conversion of nitrates to nitrites can occur in the gastrointestional tract under the right conditions, significantly enhancing nitrates' toxic potency. The major metabolic pathway for nitrate is conversion to nitrite, and then to ammonia. Nitrites, nitrates, and their metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L1137)
Uses & manufacturing
Uses
Used in explosives, fertilizers, matches, fireworks/signal flares, radio tubes, and diesel fuels (corrosion inhibitor); [Merck Index]
In explosives, fertilizers, matches, pyrotechnics; mfr of incandescent mantles, radio tubes, nitric acid; corrosion inhibitor in diesel fuels
... Powerful oxidizing agent.
Secondary macronutrient /in fertilizer/
U.S. Production2023: 550,000,000 - <700,000,000 lb
Consumer UsesAnti-freeze agent
Industry UsesViscosity modifiers
Methods of Manufacturing
Preparation: Gmelin's Calcium (8th ed) 28B, 59-69, 341-382 (1956).
CALCIUM NITRATE IS OBTAINED BY DISSOLVING LIMESTONE IN NITRIC ACID OR THROUGH ABSORPTION OF NITROUS GASES BY MILK OF LIME.
Currently is produced in large quantities as by-product from nitrophosphate manufacture
Formulations/Preparations
Technical flake usually contains 28.6% H2O.
Grade: technical, pure, CP, reagent.
Pure anhydrous salt contains 17.1% N & 24.4% Ca, and the fertilizer grade 15.5% N & 19.9% Ca
/Available as/ technical grade granule & solution grade
Household ProductsInformation on 2 consumer products that contain Calcium nitrate in the following categories is provided:
General Manufacturing Information
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Nitric acid, calcium salt (2:1): ACTIVE
Preharvest sprays of calcium nitrate reduced the physiological wt loss, completely checked rotting, incr the calcium content, and maintained pulp firmness and fruit quality of Flordasun peach during ambient storage up to 5 days. Calcium nitrate at 2.0% as a pre-harvest spray extended the shelf life in ambient storage of Flordasun peach fruits because of delayed onset of senescence.
The defoliating activity of cyanamide aq soln was incr when the soln contained the highly hygroscopic calcium nitrate.
By adding calcium nitrate to sewage or industrial wastewater, the formation of hydrogen sulfide is eliminated in discharge pipes and compensation basins as long as nitrate remains in the water. As a positive secondary effect, a BOD reduction corresponding to the amt of oxygen supplied by the nitrate is achieved. A considerable reduction of N by the denitrification process also occurs.
A composition containing calcium nitrate 3 g/gal, potassium nitrate 2 g/gal, and Epsom salts 0.8 g/gal induces plant hibernation.
Applications
DescriptionCalcium nitrate has the molecular formula of Ca(NO3)2 and the molecular weight of 164.0935 g/mol. Its CAS number is 10124-37-5. Calcium nitrate may be prepared by the reaction of nitric acid with calcium carbonate or calcium sulfide: CaCO3 + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + CO +H2O CaS + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 +H2S It is very soluble and forms a tetrahydrate, Ca(NO3) 2·4H2O if the solution is evaporated to dryness. The CAS number of the anhydrate is 10124-37-5 while that of the tetrahydrate is 13477-34-4. As with the beryllium nitrate salts, variation of the nitric acid concentration affects the type of hydrate produced. The trihydrate is known (CAS number 10124-37-5) but not the monohydrate. The anhydrate is a white cubic crystal that is hygroscopic; its density is 2.504 g/cm3 and it melts at 561°C. This salt is highly soluble in water and also dissolves in alcohols and acetone. The tetrahydrate melts in its own waters of hydration at 42.7°C and loses 4H2O molecules at 132°C. It decomposes to form nitrogen oxides and CaO similar to the behavior of the other alkaline earth nitrates. The anhydrous salt is soluble at 121.2 g/100 ml at 20°C and 271.2 g/100 ml at 40°C.
UsesCalcium nitrate is mainly used as a component in fertilizers. Nitrocalcite is the name for a mineral which is a hydrated calcium nitrate that forms as an efflorescence in places where manure contacts limestone (or concrete) in a dry environment such as caverns or stables.Calcium nitrate is used in explosives, matches and pyrotechnics. Other applications are in the manufacture of incandescent mantle; and as an additive to diesel fuel for corrosion inhibition.This calciumnitrate is useful as an oxidizer but its hygroscopic nature, results in extreme deliquescence in air. Calcium nitrate is mainly used as a flocculent in rubber latex and in refrigerant manufacture. And it is also employed in oil exploratory wells and sewage treatment. In agriculture, it is used in hydroponic culture and as a fast-effective fertilizer for acid soil. It can also be used to make fireworks, to produce explosives in national defense industry, and to paint negative poles in the electronic instrument industry. It is also a raw material in making other nitrates. It is this usage that calcium nitrate finds most of its employment in industry, other than its use in agriculture. Calcium nitrate is a strong oxidizing agent. Mixing it with organic substances such as fuel oil or hydrocarbons or other oxidizable compounds can cause an explosion. Calcium nitrate has been evaluated as a component for heat storage devices.
UsesCalcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] is known as Norwegian saltpeter. It is a strong oxidizer (because of the NO3) that is flammable in the presence of organic materials (such as hands). It explodes when given a hard shock. It is used in fireworks, matches, and fertilizers.
UsesIn explosives, fertilizers, matches, pyrotechnics; manufacture of incandescent mantles, radio tubes, HNO3; corrosion inhibitor in diesel fuels.
General DescriptionWhite to light gray granular solid. May be either the anhydrous compound or the tetrahydrate. Used in fertilizers, explosives and pyrotechnics.
Preparation methods
PreparationCalcium nitrate may be prepared by the reaction of nitric acid with calcium carbonate or calcium sulfide: CaCO3 + 2HNO3 →Ca(NO3)2 + CO + H2O CaS + 2HNO3 →Ca(NO3)2 + H2S
Upstream & downstream products
Upstream raw materials
Downstream products
Additional notes
DefinitionChEBI: Inorganic nitrate salt of calcium.
Definitioncalcium nitrate: A white deliquescentcompound, Ca(NO3)2, that isvery soluble in water; cubic; r.d. 2.50;m.p. 561°C. It can be prepared byneutralizing nitric acid with calciumcarbonate and crystallizing it fromsolution as the tetrahydrateCa(NO3)2.4H2O, which exists in twomonoclinic crystalline forms (α, r.d.1.9; β, r.d. 1.82). There is also a trihydrate,Ca(NO3)2.3H2O. The anhydroussalt can be obtained from the hydrateby heating but it decomposeson strong heating to give the oxide,nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen. Calciumnitrate is sometimes used as anitrogenous fertilizer.
Related reactions
59 records
Linked notes
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