Basic information
- Standard SMILES
O=C[O-].[NH4+]- InChIKey
VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N- Molecular formula
- CH2O2.H3N
- Average molar mass
- 63.056 g/mol
- Monoisotopic mass
- 63.0320284
Overview
Ammonium formate is a white solid with a weak odor of ammonia. Sinks and mixes slowly with water. (USCG, 1999)
Names & identifiers
- Preferred name
- Ammonium formate
- IUPAC
- azanium formate
Names & synonyms
AMMONIUM FORMATE540-69-2Formic acid, ammonium saltMravencan amonnyFormic acid, ammonium salt (1:1)3801F9644EDTXSID6029624CHEBI:63050RefChem:5549DTXCID309624208-753-9azanium;formate
Show more names
Formic acid ammonium saltammoniumformateammonium formiateazanium formateMFCD00013103Mravencan amonny [Czech]Amoniumformiateammonia formate
Database identifiers
- CAS
540-69-2、70179-79-2- PubChem CID
- 2723923
- DTXSID
DTXSID6029624- ChEBI
CHEBI:63050- UNII
- 3801F9644E
- EC Number
- 208-753-9
Properties
Computed structural properties
- Topological polar surface area
- 41.1 Ų
- Hydrogen bond donors
- 1
- Hydrogen bond acceptors
- 2
- Rotatable bonds
- 0
- Heavy atoms
- 4
- Formal charge
- 0
- Complexity
- 7.5
Experimental & physicochemical properties
Chemical ClassesNitrogen Compounds -> Ammonium Compounds
Density
1.28 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink
1.280
1.26 @25 °C
Color/FormWHITE MONOCLINIC CRYSTALS
SolubilityIN WATER: 102 G/100 CC @ 0 °C, 531 G/100 CC @ 80 °C; SOL IN ETHER, AMMONIA
Boiling Point
180 °C DECOMP
180 °C @760 [mm Hg]
DecompositionWhen heated to decomp ... emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides and ammonia/.
Melting Point
241 °F (USCG, 1999)
116 °C
116 °C
Physical Description
Ammonium formate is a white solid with a weak odor of ammonia. Sinks and mixes slowly with water. (USCG, 1999)
Dry Powder; Liquid
Deliquescent solid; [Hawley] White in color, weak odor of ammonia; [CAMEO] Soluble in water; [MSDSonline]
Other Experimental PropertiesDELIQUESCES
Safety & regulation
GHS classification
GHS Classification
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 17.6% (59 of 335) of reports.
Warning
H315 (66.3%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]
P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)
Aggregated GHS information provided per 335 reports by companies from 24 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
Not Classified
Hazard information
Regulatory Information
Chemical: Formic acid, ammonium salt
Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 (amended)
Formic acid, ammonium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Formic acid, ammonium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)
Status: Active Update: 07-05-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/30306
Formic acid, ammonium salt: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard
Other Safety InformationIMAP assessments - Formic acid, ammonium salt: Environment tier I assessment
Fire HazardsSpecial Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating ammonia and formic acid gases may form in fire. (USCG, 1999)
Health HazardsInhalation causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion irritates mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation. (USCG, 1999)
Hazards SummaryA skin and mucous membrane irritant; [HSDB]
Reactive GroupSalts, Acidic
Reactivity Profile
Acidic salts, such as AMMONIUM FORMATE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions.
Air and Water ReactionsWater soluble.
Hazard Classes and CategoriesSkin Irrit. 2 (66.3%)
Safety & protection
Fire FightingFire Extinguishing Agents: Water, foam (USCG, 1999)
First AidINHALATION: remove to fresh air.
Storage ConditionsKEEP TIGHTLY CLOSED.
Protective Action Criteria (PAC)
3.7 [mg/m3]
41 [mg/m3]
240 [mg/m3]
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Dust mask; goggles or face shield; rubber gloves (USCG, 1999)
Toxicology
Human Toxicity Excerpts
STRONG SOLN MAY BE IRRITATING TO SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES.
...WITH LARGE DOSES OF...AMMONIUM /SALTS/, THERE ARISES THE POSSIBILITY OF SUFFICIENT ABSORPTION TO PRODUCE DIURESIS & SYSTEMIC AMMONIA POISONING, PARTICULARLY IF MATERIAL IS ADMIN PARENTERALLY. /AMMONIUM SALTS/
Chemistry & industry
Uses & manufacturing
Uses
Use in chemical analysis; [Merck Index] Used as a buffer; [CHEMINFO]
CHEM ANAL TO PPT BASE METALS FROM SALTS OF NOBLE METALS
BUFFER
U.S. Production2023: 550,000 - <1,000,000 lb
Consumer UsesSoil amendments (fertilizers)
Industry UsesPlating agent
Methods of ManufacturingPREPD FROM FORMIC ACID & AMMONIA: ZUFFANTI, J AM CHEM SOC 63, 3123 (1941).
General Manufacturing Information
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Formic acid, ammonium salt (1:1): ACTIVE
FORMATES ARE COMMONLY USED FOOD PRESERVATIVES.
Related reactions
3,036 records
Linked notes
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