Basic information
- Standard SMILES
[I-].[Na+]- InChIKey
FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M- Molecular formula
- INa
- Average molar mass
- 149.8942 g/mol
- Monoisotopic mass
- 149.89424
Names & identifiers
- Preferred name
- Sodium Iodide
- IUPAC
- sodium iodide
- English name
- Sodium iodide
- Molecular formula
- NaI
- Molecular weight
- 149.89
Names & synonyms
sodium iodide7681-82-5Sodium monoiodideIodurilSoiodinIodure de sodiumNatrii iodidumJodid sodnySodium iodide (NaI)NatriumjodidDTXSID2041125Iodide (as sodium iodide)
Show more names
Sodium iodineHydriodic acid sodium saltAnayodinioduredesodiumSodium iodide hydrateanhydrous sodium iodide
NSC-77388Fdy-5301F5WR8N145CDTXCID0021125CHEBI:33167Sodium Iodide 20%RefChem:6238231-679-3
Database identifiers
- CAS
7681-82-5- PubChem CID
- 5238
- DTXSID
DTXSID2041125- ChEMBL
CHEMBL1644695- ChEBI
CHEBI:33167- UNII
- F5WR8N145C
- EC Number
- 231-679-3
- Nikkaji
- J44.031K
Properties
Computed structural properties
- Topological polar surface area
- 0 Ų
- Hydrogen bond donors
- 0
- Hydrogen bond acceptors
- 1
- Rotatable bonds
- 0
- Heavy atoms
- 2
- Formal charge
- 0
- Complexity
- 2
Experimental & physicochemical properties
pH8-9.5
OdorODORLESS
TasteSALINE, SOMEWHAT BITTER TASTE
Density
3.67
3.67 g/cm³
3.667 @25 °C
Color/Form
COLORLESS, CUBIC CRYSTALS
WHITE CRYSTALS OR GRANULES
WHITE POWDER
Solubility
Soluble
SOLUBILITY (G/100 CC SOLVENT): 184 G IN WATER @ 25 °C; 302 G IN WATER @ 100 °C; 42.57 G IN ALCOHOL @ 25 °C; 39.9 G IN ACETONE @ 25 °C
1 G SOL IN 1 ML GLYCEROL
Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 184
Boiling Point
Decomposes
1304 °C
1304 °C
1304 °C @760 [mm Hg]
Melting Point
651
651 °C
660 °C
660 °C
Vapor Pressure
1 MM HG @ 767 °C
1 [mm Hg] @767 °C
Refractive IndexINDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.7745
Physical Description
Liquid; CBI; Dry Powder; Wet Solid
White odorless deliquescent solid; Turned brown by air; [Merck Index] Colorless to white hygroscopic solid; [ICSC] White odorless crystalline powder; [MSDSonline]
COLOURLESS-TO-WHITE HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS OR WHITE POWDER. TURNS BROWN ON EXPOSURE TO AIR.
Stability/Shelf LifeIT IS MADE SLIGHTLY ALKALINE TO RENDER IT MORE STABLE
Physicochemical properties
- Melting point
- 661 °C · 661 °C (lit.)
- Boiling point
- 1300 °C · 1300 °C
- Density
- 3.66 · 3.66
- bulk density
- 1500 · 1500-2000kg/m3
- vapor density
- 1 · >1 (vs air)
- vapor pressure
- 1 hPa · 1 hPa (767 °C)
- refractive index
- 1.7745 · 1.7745
- Flash point
- 1300 · 1300-1304°C
- storage temp.
- 5 °C · Store at +5°C to +30°C.
- solubility
- water: soluble(lit.)
- pka
- 0.067 · 0.067[at 20 ℃]
- form
- beads
- Specific Gravity
- 3.67 · 3.67
- color
- White
- PH
- 6 · 6-9 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
- Water Solubility
- 184 g/100 · 184 g/100 mL (25 ºC)
- Specific Heat Capacity
- 0.35 J/ · Cp(crystal): 0.35 J/(g·K), at 25℃
- Sensitive
- Hygroscopic
- Merck
- 14 · 14,8631
- Dielectric constant
- 7.28 · 7.2800000000000002
- Stability
- hygroscopic
- Cosmetics Ingredients Functions
- ANTIMICROBIAL
- InChI
- 1S/HI.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
- InChIKey
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
- SMILES
- [Na+].[I-]
- LogP
- -1.301 at · -1.301 at 25℃
- CAS DataBase Reference
- 7681 · 7681-82-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
- Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances
- SODIUM IODIDE
- FDA 21 CFR
- 178.101 · 178.1010
- EWG's Food Scores
- 1 · 1
- FDA UNII
- 5 WR8N145C · F5WR8N145C
- NIST Chemistry Reference
- Sodium iodide(7681-82-5)
- EPA Substance Registry System
- Sodium iodide (7681-82-5)
- UNSPSC Code
- 12352302 · 12352302
- NACRES
- 22 · NB.22
- Symbol(GHS)
- 7 · GHS07,GHS08,GHS09
- Signal word
- Danger
- Hazard statements
- 315 · H315-H319-H372-H400
- Precautionary statements
- 260 · P260-P264-P273-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338-P314
- Hazard Codes
- Xi,N
- Risk Statements
- 36 · 36/38-36/37/38-50
- Safety Statements
- 26 · 26-61
- RIDADR
- 3077 · UN 3077 9 / PGIII
- WGK Germany
- 1 · 1
- RTECS
- 6475000 · WB6475000
- F
- 8 · 8
- TSCA
- TSCA listed
- HazardClass
- 9 · 9
- HS Code
- 28276000 · 28276000
- Storage Class
- 13 · 13 - Non Combustible Solids
- Hazard Classifications
- 2 · Eye Irrit. 2
- Hazardous Substances Data
- 7681 · 7681-82-5(Hazardous Substances Data)
- Toxicity
- 1.3 g/kg, · MLD i.v. in rats: 1.3 g/kg, Loeser, Konwiser, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 15, 35 (1929)
- REACH Registrations
- Active
- Limited Quantities
- 5 L · 5.0 L (1.3 gallons) (liquid) or 5.0 kg (11 lbs) (solid)
- Excepted Quantities
- Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (1Kg or 1L)
Safety & regulation
GHS classification
GHS Classification
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 7.9% (39 of 495) of reports.
Danger
H315 (70.9%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]；H319 (72.7%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]；H335 (16.8%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]；H372 (42.8%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]；H400 (61.8%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]；H411 (10.1%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]
P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)
Aggregated GHS information provided per 495 reports by companies from 36 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.；Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 39 of 495 reports by companies.；There are 35 notifications provided by 456 of 495 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).；Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.
Hazard information
Regulatory Information
Chemical: Sodium iodide (NaI)
Sodium iodide (NaI) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Sodium iodide (NaI) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)
Status: Active Update: 05-04-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/5959；Status: Active Update: 12-01-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/5847；Status: Active Update: 18-02-2020 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/25025
Sodium iodide: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard
Other Safety InformationIMAP assessments - Sodium iodide (NaI): Human health tier I assessment；IMAP assessments - Sodium iodide (NaI): Environment tier I assessment
Fire HazardsNot combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.
Fire PotentialPERCHLORIC ACID IGNITES IN CONTACT WITH SODIUM IODIDE.
Hazards Summary
A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; If ingested: the substance may have effects on the thyroid and may cause systemic sensitization. Symptoms of systemic sensitization may include airway obstruction and various skin reactions or even anaphylactic shock. Exposure during pregnancy may affect the thyroid function of the newborn. [ICSC] An irritant; [MSDSonline] See Iodine for the TLV of Iodides.
Chemical DangersReacts violently with strong oxidants. This produces iodine fumes.
Hazard Classes and CategoriesSkin Irrit. 2 (70.9%)；Eye Irrit. 2 (72.7%)；STOT SE 3 (16.8%)；STOT RE 1 (42.8%)；Aquatic Acute 1 (61.8%)；Aquatic Chronic 2 (10.1%)
State Drinking Water Guidelines(ME) MAINE 340 ug/l /Iodide ion/
Safety & protection
Fire FightingIn case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.
First Aid Measures
Fresh air, rest.
Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.
First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.
Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .
Safe StorageSeparated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed.
Storage ConditionsKEEP WELL CLOSED & PROTECTED FROM LIGHT.
Spillage DisposalPersonal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.
Eye PreventionWear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection if powder.
Inhalation RiskA harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly , especially if powdered.
Skin PreventionProtective gloves.
Exposure PreventionPREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID EXPOSURE OF (PREGNANT) WOMEN!
Ingestion PreventionDo not eat, drink, or smoke during work.
Inhalation PreventionUse ventilation (not if powder), local exhaust or breathing protection.
Threshold Limit Values (TLV)
0.01 [ppm], inhalable fraction and vapor (iodides)
0.01 ppm as TWA; A4 (not classifiable as a human carcinogen).
Toxicology
Interactions...LITHIUM CARBONATE THEORETICALLY COULD INTERACT WITH...SODIUM IODIDE.
Exposure RoutesThe substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.
Signs and Symptoms
Cough. Sore throat. Headache.
Redness.
Redness.
Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting.
Human Toxicity Excerpts
THE OCCASIONAL USE OF IODIDES FOR ASTHMA IN PREGNANCY HAS RESULTED IN FETAL DEATH, SEVERE GOITER & CRETINOID APPEARANCE OF THE NEWBORN. /IODIDE SALTS/
..."IODISM" RESULTS FROM CHRONIC IODIDE OVERDOSES... IODISM IS CHARACTERIZED BY SALIVATION, CORYZA, SNEEZING, CONJUNCTIVITIS, HEADACHE, FEVER, LARYNGITIS, BRONCHITIS, STOMATITIS, PAROTITIS...&...EDEMA OF GLOTTIS...HAS OCCURRED. /IODIDE SALTS/
TEN GRAMS OF SODIUM IODIDE HAVE BEEN GIVEN SLOWLY BY IV ROUTE WITHOUT ILL EFFECTS.
OCCASIONAL INDIVIDUALS SHOW...SENSITIVITY TO IODIDE OR TO ORG PREPN THAT CONTAIN IODINE WHEN...ADMIN IV. ONSET OF AN ACUTE REACTION MAY OCCUR IMMEDIATELY OR SEVERAL HR AFTER ADMIN. ANGIOEDEMA IS OUTSTANDING SYMPTOM, & SWELLING OF LARYNX MAY LEAD TO SUFFOCATION. MULTIPLE CUTANEOUS HEMORRHAGES MAY BE PRESENT. /IODIDE PREPN/
For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM IODIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Regulatory information
Regulatory Information
Chemical: Sodium iodide (NaI)
Sodium iodide (NaI) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Sodium iodide (NaI) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)
Status: Active Update: 05-04-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/5959；Status: Active Update: 12-01-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/5847；Status: Active Update: 18-02-2020 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/25025
Sodium iodide: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard
State Drinking Water Guidelines(ME) MAINE 340 ug/l /Iodide ion/
Safety data
- F
- 8
- wgk
- 1
- tsca
- TSCA listed
- rtecs
- WB6475000
- ridadr
- UN 3077 9 / PGIII
- hs_code
- 28276000
- Toxicity
- MLD i.v. in rats: 1.3 g/kg, Loeser, Konwiser, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 15, 35 (1929)
- risk_code
- 36/38-36/37/38-50
- Signal word
- Danger
- Symbol(GHS)
- GHS07,GHS08,GHS09
- hazard_code
- Xi,N
- safety_code
- 26-61
- hazard_class
- 9
- Storage Class
- 13 - Non Combustible Solids
- Hazard statements
- H315-H319-H372-H400
- Limited Quantities
- 5.0 L (1.3 gallons) (liquid) or 5.0 kg (11 lbs) (solid)
- Excepted Quantities
- Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (1Kg or 1L)
- REACH Registrations
- Active
- Hazard Classifications
- Eye Irrit. 2
- Precautionary statements
- P260-P264-P273-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338-P314
- Hazardous Substances Data
- 7681-82-5(Hazardous Substances Data)
Chemistry & industry
Pharmacology
PharmacodynamicsWhen intravenously administered for total parental nutrition, sodium iodide prevents the depletion of endogenous stores of iodine and subsequent deficiency symptoms.
Mechanism of Action
RESPONSE TO IODIDE IN HYPERTHYROIDISM: /IN THYROID GLAND/...VASCULARITY IS REDUCED, GLAND BECOMES MUCH FIRMER & EVEN HARD TO THE TOUCH, CELLS BECOME SMALLER, COLLOID REACCUMULATES IN FOLLICLES, & QUANTITY OF BOUND IODINE INCREASES. /IODIDES/
HIGH CONCN OF IODIDE APPEAR TO INFLUENCE ALL IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF IODINE METABOLISM BY THE THYROID GLAND. CAPACITY OF IODIDE TO LIMIT ITS OWN TRANSPORT... ACUTE INHIBITION OF SYNTHESIS OF IODOTYROSINE & IODOTHYRONINE BY IODIDE IS ALSO WELL KNOWN (THE WOLFF-CHAIKOFF EFFECT)... /IODIDES/
THIS INHIBITION /WOLFF-CHAIKOFF EFFECT/ IS OBSERVED ONLY ABOVE CRITICAL CONCN OF IODIDE, & THE INTRACELLULAR...CONCN OF ANION APPEARS TO BE MAJOR DETERMINANT. WITH TIME THERE IS "ESCAPE" FOR THIS INHIBITION...ASSOCIATED WITH AN ADAPTIVE DECR IN IODIDE TRANSPORT & LOWERED INTRACELLULAR IODIDE CONCN. /IODIDES/
THE MOST IMPORTANT CLINICAL EFFECT OF HIGH IODIDE CONCN IS AN INHIBITION OF THE RELEASE OF THYROID HORMONE. THIS ACTION IS RAPID & EFFICACIOUS IN SEVERE THYROTOXICOSIS. THE EFFECT IS EXERTED DIRECTLY ON THE THYROID GLAND, & IT CAN BE DEMONSTRATED IN EUTHYROID SUBJECT & EXPTL ANIMALS AS WELL AS IN HYPERTHYROID PT. /IODIDES/
IODIDE ANTAGONIZES THE ABILITY OF BOTH THYROTROPIN & CYCLIC AMP TO STIMULATE ENDOCYTOSIS OF COLLOID, PROTEOLYSIS, & HORMONE SECRETION. /REPORTEDLY/... IODIDE ATTENUATES THE EFFECT OF TSH ON CYCLIC AMP IN VIVO & IN ISOLATED TISSUES. /IODIDES/
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Iodide salts are readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.
Iodides are expected to be renal excreted.
Iodides are distributed widely throughout extracellular fluid of thyroid gland.
Uses & manufacturing
Uses
Used in small amounts for wet extraction of silver; Also used in iodized salt and for various applications in human and veterinary medicine; [HSDB] Used in photography, cloud seeding, and as a solvent for iodine; [Hawley]
Photographic Processing [Category: Other]；Metal Extraction and Refining [Category: Industry]
MEDICATION (VET)
MEDICATION
PHOTOGRAPHY; SOLVENT FOR IODINE; ORG CHEMICALS; REAGENT; ARTIFICIAL RAINMAKING; SCINTILLATION (THALLIUM-ACTIVATED FORM)
Small amount used in wet extraction of silver; iodized salt
U.S. Exports(1986) No Data
U.S. Imports(1986) No Data
U.S. Production
2023: 400,000 - <550,000 lb；2022: 400,000 - <550,000 lb；2021: 700,000 - <850,000 lb；2020: 550,000 - <700,000 lb
(1981) 2.96X10+7 g
Consumer UsesCleaning agent；Other
Industry UsesOther；Processing aids not otherwise specified；Photosensitive agent；Intermediate
Methods of Manufacturing
...FROM IODINE & SODIUM HYDROXIDE, OR BY METATHESIS BETWEEN FERROSOFERRIC IODIDE & SODIUM CARBONATE.
Reaction of sodium carbonate with an acidic iodide solution
Formulations/Preparations
USP SODIUM IODIDE IS AT LEAST 99% PURE.
GRADES: TECHNICAL; CP; USP; SINGLE CRYSTALS.
FORMULATIONS (VET): EACH 100 ML CONTAINS SODIUM IODIDE USP 20 G; INERT INGREDIENTS, FORMALDEHYDE (AS PRESERVATIVE) 0.2% WEIGHT/VOLUME, DISTILLED WATER 82.4% WEIGHT/WEIGHT. /SODIUM IODIDE 20%/
/Available in/ high purity, ultra-dry grades & 57% solution grades
NaI-USP XX contains 99-101.5% NaI calc on the anhydrous basis
Use ClassificationCosmetics -> Antimicrobial
General Manufacturing Information
All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing；Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing；Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing；All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing；All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
Sodium iodide (NaI): ACTIVE
INCOMPATIBILITIES: SEE POTASSIUM IODIDE. ALKALOIDAL SALTS, CHLORAL HYDRATE, TARTARIC & OTHER ACIDS, CALOMEL, POTASSIUM CHLORATE, METALLIC SALTS. /POTASSIUM IODIDE/
Applications
UsesSodium iodide is widely used for halide exchange (Finkelstein reaction), for example in the conversion of an alkyl chloride, allyl chloride and arylmethyl chloride into their respective iodides, which are precursors for pharmaceutical and fine chemical products. They are used to ehnance the efficiency of the formation of Wittig adducts from less reactive chlorides and bromides. Appropriate prepartions find use as a nutrient supplement. Sodium iodide is used as the precursor to the control agent in ab initio emulsion polymerization. Sodium iodide finds use in the determination of dissolved oxygen in the modified Winkler method, synthesis of the fluorescent dye coppersensor-1 (CS1) for imaging labile copper pools in biological samples, and the cleavage of esters, lactones, carbamates and ethers in combination with chlorotrimethylsilane.
General DescriptionSodium iodide is an inorganic salt. Mixture of chlorotrimethylsilane/sodium iodide in acetonitrile is a useful reagent for the cleavage of esters, lactones, carbamates and ethers.
Preparation methods
PreparationSodium iodide is prepared by adding hydriodic acid or an acidic iodide solution to a solution of sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate, followed by evaporation and crystallization: NaOH + HI → NaI + H2OThe solution is filtered to remove any impurities prior to its evaporation and crystallization.
Upstream & downstream products
Upstream raw materials
Downstream products
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Additional notes
Definitionsodium iodide: A white crystallinesolid, NaI, very soluble in water andsoluble in both ethanol and ethanoicacid. It is known in both the anhydrousform (cubic; r.d. 3.67; m.p.661°C; b.p. 1304°C) and as the dihydrate(monoclinic; r.d. 2.45). It is preparedby the reaction of hydrogeniodide with sodium carbonate orsodium hydroxide in solution. Likepotassium iodide, sodium iodide inaqueous solution dissolves iodine toform a brown solution containingthe I3- ion. It finds applications inphotography and is also used in medicineas an expectorant and in the administrationof radioactive iodine for studies of thyroid function and fortreatment of diseases of the thyroid.
DefinitionChEBI: Sodium iodide is a metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion. It is an inorganic sodium salt and an iodide salt.
Related reactions
8,300 records
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