Calcium Acetate (HCID 6116)

Overview

Calcium acetate is the calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces. It has a role as a chelator. It contains an acetate.

Names & identifiers

Preferred name: Calcium Acetate
IUPAC: calcium diacetate

Names & synonyms

Calcium acetate62-54-4Calcium diacetateAcetic acid, calcium saltLime acetatePhosLoLime pyroligniteAcetate of limeTeltozanBrown acetateGray Acetate of LimeBrown Acetate of Lime

Show more names

PhoslyraSorbo-calcionGray acetatePhoslo Gelcapscalcium ethanoateFEMA No. 2228EliphosCalcarea acetica

Database identifiers

CAS: 62-54-4
PubChem CID: 6116
DTXSID: DTXSID0020234
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1200800
ChEBI: CHEBI:3310
UNII: Y882YXF34X
EC Number: 200-540-9
Nikkaji: J4.823B

Properties

Computed structural properties

Topological polar surface area: 80.3 Å²
Hydrogen bond donors: 0
Hydrogen bond acceptors: 4
Rotatable bonds: 0
Heavy atoms: 9
Formal charge: 0
Complexity: 25.5

Experimental & physicochemical properties

Chemical ClassesMetals -> Organic Acids, Metal Salts

Cosmetics · 2 items

Cosmetic ingredients (Calcium Acetate) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Viscosity controlling

pH · 2 items

6,0-9,0 (10 % aqueous solution)

0.2 molar aq soln: 7.6 /Monohydrate form/

OdorSLIGHT ODOR OF ACETIC ACID

Food AdditivesCOLOR OR COLORING ADJUNCT, FIRMING AGENT, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, PH CONTROL AGENT, PROCESSING AID, SEQUESTRANT, STABILIZER OR THICKENER, TEXTURIZER -> FDA Substance added to food

Density · 3 items

1.50 kg/l

1.5 g/cm³

1.5 @25 °C

Safety & regulation

GHS classification

GHS Classification · 5 items

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 88.9% (503 of 566) of all reports.

Warning

H315 (11%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P264, P264+P265, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, and P362+P364 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 566 reports by companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Hazard information

Regulatory Information · 5 items

Chemical: Acetic acid, calcium salt (2:1)

Directive (EC) No 46/2002

Acetic acid, calcium salt (2:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Acetic acid, calcium salt (2:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 27-04-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13608

Calcium acetate: Non hazardous

Other Safety InformationIMAP assessments - Acetic acid, calcium salt: Human health tier I assessment

Fire HazardsCombustible under specific conditions.

Hazards SummaryClassified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) in food; [HSDB] Poisonous by intravenous route; IV LD50 (mouse) = 52 mg/kg; [Sax] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; [ICSC] An irritant; [MSDSonline] See Calcium.

FDA Requirements · 3 items

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).

Calcium acetate is an indirect food additive for use as a component of resinous and polymeric coatings.

Calcium acetate used as a sequestrant is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

EPA Safer ChemicalChemical: Calcium acetate

Safety & protection

Fire FightingUse water spray, powder.

First Aid Measures · 4 items

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Safe StorageSeparated from strong acids. Dry. Well closed.

Storage ConditionsKEEP WELL CLOSED.

Disposal Methods · 1 item

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Spillage DisposalPersonal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Toxicology

InteractionsConcurrent administration /of calcium acetate and oral tetracyclines/ may decrease the bioavailability of tetracyclines.

Exposure RoutesThe substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Toxicity SummarySafe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org

Signs and Symptoms · 4 items

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Diarrhoea. Vomiting.

Human Toxicity ExcerptsPoison by intravenous and intraperitoneal routes.

Drug Induced Liver Injury · 6 items

Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)

Calcium acetate

vNo-DILI-concern

0

No match

DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015

Regulatory information

FDA Requirements · 3 items

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).

Calcium acetate is an indirect food additive for use as a component of resinous and polymeric coatings.

Calcium acetate used as a sequestrant is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Chemistry & industry

Pharmacology

ATC Code · 2 items

V - Various

QV - Various

Pharmacodynamics · 1 item

Patients with advanced renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance less than 30 ml/min) exhibit phosphate retention and some degree of hyperphosphatemia. The retention of phosphate plays a pivotal role in causing secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with osteodystrophy, and soft-tissue calcification. The mechanism by which phosphate retention leads to hyperparathyroidism is not clearly delineated. Therapeutic efforts directed toward the control of hyperphosphatemia include reduction in the dietary intake of phosphate, inhibition of absorption of phosphate in the intestine with phosphate binders, and removal of phosphate from the body by more efficient methods of dialysis. The rate of removal of phosphate by dietary manipulation or by dialysis is insufficient. Dialysis patients absorb 40% to 80% of dietary phosphorus. Therefore, the fraction of dietary phosphate absorbed from the diet needs to be reduced by using phosphate binders in most renal failure patients on maintenance dialysis. Calcium acetate when taken with meals combines with dietary phosphate to form insoluble calcium phosphate which is excreted in the feces. Maintenance of serum phosphorus below 6.0 mg/dl is generally considered as a clinically acceptable outcome of treatment with phosphate binders. Calcium acetate is highly soluble at neutral pH, making the calcium readily available for binding to phosphate in the proximal small intestine.

Mechanism of ActionCalcium acetate and other calcium salts are phosphate binders. They work by binding with the phosphate in the food you eat, so that it is eliminated from the body without being absorbed.

FDA Pharmacological Classification · 4 items

CALCAREA ACETICA

Increased Coagulation Factor Activity [PE]; Blood Coagulation Factor [EPC]; Cations, Divalent [CS]; Calcium [CS]

CALCIUM ACETATE

Blood Coagulation Factor [EPC]; Phosphate Binder [EPC]; Increased Coagulation Factor Activity [PE]; Phosphate Chelating Activity [MoA]; Calcium [CS]; Cations, Divalent [CS]

MeSH Pharmacological ClassificationChemicals that bind to and remove ions from solutions. Many chelating agents function through the formation of COORDINATION COMPLEXES with METALS.

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion · 2 items

40% is absorbed in the fasting state and approximately 30% is absorbed in the nonfasting state following oral administration.

Calcium acetate when taken with meals, combines with dietary phosphate to form insoluble calcium phosphate which is excreted in the feces.

Uses & manufacturing

Uses · 6 items

CIR ingredient: Calcium Acetate

Used in dyeing, tanning, and curing skins; Also used in lubricants, food stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors, antifoam additives in antifreezes, and antiseptics ; Also used as a firming agent for potatoes, an esterification catalyst, and a drug to restrict phosphate absorption in patients with chronic renal failure and oxalate absorption in patients with inflammatory bowel disease; [HSDB]

Using Disinfectants or Biocides [Category: Clean]

Preparing and mounting animal skins (taxidermy) [Category: Hobbies]

Mfr of acetic acid, acetone; in dying, tanning and curing skins; in lubricants; as food stabilizer; as corrosion inhibitor.

One of the more commonly used antifoam additives in /modern/ formulated antifreezes

U.S. Imports(1984) 6.40X10+7 g

U.S. Production · 2 items

2023: 400,000 - <550,000 lb

(1984) 3.28X10+8 g

Consumer UsespH regulating agent

Industry UsespH regulating agent

Methods of Manufacturing · 3 items

Gmelin's, Calcium (8th ed) 28B, 162-164, 982-991 (1958); Electrolytic prepn: Schmidt, Z Anorg Allgem Chem 270, 188 (1952).