Indene

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Indene:

(General first aid procedures)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

5.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 5 ppm.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

5 ppm [2007]

10 ppm (45 mg/m³) OSHA Construction and Maritime industries only.

none See Appendix G

70 [mg/m3]

100 [mg/m3]

620 [mg/m3]

10 ppm (45 mg/m³)

TWA 10 ppm (45 mg/m3)

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Indene:

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Indene was detected in respiratory gas from 7 of 8 male volunteers (3 smokers) at a concn range of 0.14-83 ug/hr-expired air; according to this study, indene may result from or be related to normal human metabolism(1). Indene was found at an average concn of 0.138 ng/L in 59 of 387 expired air samples obtained from 54 nonsmoking-volunteers(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: The estimated Koc value of 540(1-2,SRC) suggests that indene will have low mobility in soil(3). If spilled on soil surfaces, some indene may photolyze(4,SRC) or volatilize into the air (estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.59X10-3 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C(5)). However, adsorption may limit these processes(SRC). Limited data suggest indene is biodegradable in soil(6-7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on the estimated Koc value of 540(1-2,SRC), indene may adsorb to sediment; indene was found in a river sediment(3). Oxidation via reaction with sunlight produced alkyl peroxy radicals is very slow (estimated half-life of 1,100 days(4)). Limited data suggest indene is biodegradable. Indene may be susceptible to some direct photolysis in sunlight(5); however, this is not expected to be an important removal process(SRC). Indene is not expected to hydrolyze in the aquatic environments(SRC). Volatilization from water is fast with estimated half-lives of 3.7 hrs and 4.4 days from a model river and model lake, respectively(1,SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon a measured vapor pressure of 1.1 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), indene is expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere(2,SRC). Vapor-phase indene will degrade rapidly in the ambient atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of about 6.2 hours(3,SRC).

Indene was qualitatively identified in effluents from a POTW facility in Sauget, Illinois(1). On October 24, 1974, indene was qualitatively found in advanced waste treatment concentrates from Lake Tahoe, CA(2). During August and September of 1979, indene was found at a concn range of 0.08-0.4 ug/cu-m in the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel in Pennsylvania(3). Indene was identified at a concn range of 10.3-137.6 ng/L in paper-mill effluents being discharged into the Rainy River(4). Indene was identified in a plume of contaminated water moving through sand away from creosote waste disposal lagoons(5). Indene was found at a concn of 1.28 in an air sample taken near an oil fire(6).

Indene was found in a groundwater sample prior to coal gasification (0.03 ppm), process water during gasification (272 and 72 ppm), and aqueous condensate from low-BTU coal gasification (363 ppm)(1). Indene was found at a concn of 15 ng/L in a canal to a harbor of a freshwater lake before any boat traffic was observed; after 1,293 boats passed through the canal, the concn of indene was 74 ng/L(2). Indene has been detected in wastewater effluents from the timber products industry at a concn of 8,252 ng/ul extract(3).

In 1977, indene was qualitatively identified in the air of six industrial cities of the former USSR(1). Indene was qualitatively found in the air of three South African cities during the summer of 1975-winter of 1976(2). Indene was qualitatively identified in air taken at Homebush Bay, Australia on June 3, 1975(3). Indene was qualitatively identified in Paris air on October 24, 1972(4).