1-Bromo-3-chloropropane

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]:

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]:

General First Aid:

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 63(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(3,SRC), indicates that 1-bromo-3-chloropropane will have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane may be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces(SRC) is expected based on an extrapolated vapor pressure of 6.4 mm Hg(5,SRC). Based on limited data, this compound is expected to be resistant to aerobic biodegradation(SRC); 1-bromo-3-chloropropane, inoculated with effluent from a biological waste treatment plant, reached 3% of the theoretical BOD in 5 days(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 63(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(1,SRC), indicates that 1-bromo-3-chloropropane should not adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). 1-Bromo-3-chloropropane should volatilize from water surfaces(1,SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 8 hours and 6 days, respectively(1,SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF value of 27(1,SRC), from a measured log Kow(4), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based on limited data, this compound is expected to be resistant to aerobic biodegradation(SRC); 1-bromo-3-chloropropane, inoculated with effluent from a biological waste treatment plant, reached 3% of the theoretical BOD in 5 days(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-bromo-3-chloropropane, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 6.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 18 days(3,SRC).

Tremor. Drowsiness.

See Inhalation.

The Koc of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is estimated as approximately 63(SRC), using a measured water solubility of 2240 mg/l at 25 °C(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-bromo-3-chloropropane has high mobility in soil(SRC).

Toxicity of 1-chloro-3-bromopropane (CBP) with respect to testicular changes was evaluated in male albino Wistar rats (10/treated group, 20 in arachis oil vehicle control group) exposed orally to CBP by gavage at dosage levels of 40 or 160 mg/kg/day for 14 days. On day 15, the animals were sent for pathological examination. Significant differences between treated and control animals were not observed at any dose level. No significant differences between treated and control animals were observed in the following: body weights, body weight gain, testes weights, morphology, or detailed macroscopic and microscopic examination of the kidneys, testes, epididymides, ductuli efferentes, and vasa deferentes.

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Source-dominated air samples contained 1-bromo-3-chloropropane at a median concentration of 2 parts/trillion(1). Air samples collected from a geographic area associated with the bromine industry in Arkansas contained 1-bromo-3-chloropropane at unreported concentrations(2). Ambient concentrations of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane in air surrounding the Ethyl Corporation, Magnolia, AK in July 1977 ranged from trace levels to 1,688 ng/cu m(3). Ambient concentrations of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane in air surrounding the Great Lakes Corporation and the Michigan Chemical Corporation in El Dorado, AK in July 1977 ranged from not detected to trace levels and trace to 63 ng/cu m, respectively(3).

Mortality rates in workers exposed to brominated chemicals in manufacturing research facilities from 1935 to 1976 were investigated epidemiologically. These workers were potentially exposed to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, polybrominated biphenyls, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate, trimethylene chlorobromide, and DDT as well as various organic and inorganic bromides. Data was collected from personnel records and death certificates. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated for comparison against rates for American white males. In all, 2,806 male workers were identified as living, 578 workers were identified as deceased. Almost half of the cohort had worked less than 6 mo. The average term of employment was 3 yr 9 mo. Overall, the standardized mortality ratio for workers was lower than that of American white males. Deaths from diabetes mellitus occurred more frequently in these workers, with rates more than twice the number expected. Overall cancer death rates were comparable among the workers and the comparison population. Stomach cancer rates were lower among workers than expected; otherwise, differences in site specific cancer deaths were not statistically significant. The workers showed lower than expected death rates for diseases of the circulatory and digestive systems and pneumonia. There was no incr trend in mortality with length of employment. /Results indicate/ that this study has identified a number of potential health problems and should be continued with a longer observation period to establish mortality trends.

A historical prospective mortality study was conducted for 3579 white male workers employed between 1935 and 1976 at four Vesicol Chemical Corporation facilities. The members of the study cohort were potentially exposed to brominated compounds including 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate, trimethylene chlorobromide. Some were exposed to DDT, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and others to radiation from rare earths process. Overall mortality was lower than expected, particularly in diseases of the circulatory system, nonmalignant respiratory diseases and diseases of the digestive system. No significant overall or cause specific mortality excess was noted among those potentially exposed to either TRIS or DDT. No cancer death was noted among the rare earth employees. Mortality from diabetes mellitus was significantly elevated among the maintenance workers hired in the early 1940's. A significant mortality excess due to diseases of the circulatory system was observed among workers potentially exposed to DBCP and or rare earth process. Mortality from testicular cancer was significantly higher in those exposed to organic bromides. The common potential exposure of the testicular cancer decedents was methyl bromide. A number of other cause specific mortality excesses were also noted.

1-Bromo-3-chloropropane

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 125: (2020) Some Industrial Chemical Intermediates and Solvents

2020 online

2019