酸化カドミウム

(Non-Specific -- Cadmium Compounds) Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Move container from fire if you can do so without risk.

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

Warning: Effects may be delayed for hours. Caution is advised.

(General first aid procedures)

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Cd in urine = 5 ug/g creatinine; Cd in blood = 5 ug/L; sampling time not critical; Monitoring in blood should be preferred during the initial year of exposure and whenever changes in the degree of exposure are suspected. [ACGIH]

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Cadmium compounds, NOS/

If dust is released in a hazardous concentration: (1) remove all ignition sources; (2) ventilate area of release; and (3) collect released material and place in sealed containers in secured sanitary landfill. (Non-Specific -- Cadmium Compounds) Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind, keep out of low areas. If pollution of water occurs, notify proper authorities. Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do so without risk. Absorb small spills with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

CADMIUM DUST MAY BE DISPOSED OF IN SEALED CONTAINERS IN SECURED SANITARY /SRP: HAZARDOUS WASTE/ LANDFILL.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D006, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Cadmium/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Vacuum spilled material with specialist equipment. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Provide adequate ventilation

/If cadmium oxide is involved in a spill on water/: Notify local health and wildlife officials and operators of nearby water intakes.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for CADMIUM OXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

inhalation

Oral (L6) ; inhalation (L6) ; dermal (L6)

Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and is transported to the kidney. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Accumulation of cadmium in the kidney results in increased excretion of vital low and high weight molecular proteins. Cadmium is a high affinity zinc analog and can interfere in its biological processes. It also binds to and activates the estrogen receptor, likely stimulating the growth of certain types of cancer cells and causing other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. Cadmium causes cell apoptosis by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases. (L8, A18, A19, A28)

Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal cramps. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting.

pulmonary edema, dyspnea (breathing difficulty), cough, chest tightness, substernal (occurring beneath the sternum) pain; headache; chills, muscle aches; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; emphysema, proteinuria, anosmia (loss of the sense of smell), mild anemia; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Acute inhalation of cadmium fumes results in metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Ingestion of cadmium causes vomiting and diarrhea. (L6)

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=1306-19-0]

Cadmium oxide was evaluated for clastogenicity in groups of 20 male Long-Evans rats injected intraperitoneally with total dose levels of 0 or 5 mg/kg bw, in three equal increments at 2 day intervals. Blood and bone marrow samples were obtained from each rat at 1 and 30 days after treatment, for determination of chromosomal abnormalities. The treatment increased the frequency of 1 type of chromosomal aberration (gap/break) in bone marrow cells obtained on day 1, indicating that the test compound was positive for clastogenicity in rats under the conditions of this assay. Positive control treatment with a single intraperitoneal injection of 0.3 mg/kg triethylenemelamine produced a significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells collected on day 1; bone marrow cells collected from positive control rats on day 30 and blood cells collected on day 1 or 30 were similar to negative controls in frequency of chromosomal aberrations.

Cadmium content /in/: sphalerite: 0.0001-2%; greenockite: 77.8%; hawleyite: 77.8%; chalcopyrite: < 0.4-110 ppm; marcasite: < 0.3-<50 ppm; arsenopyrite: < 5 ppm; galena: < 10-3000 ppm; pyrite: < 0.06-42 ppm; pyrrhotite: trace; tetrahedrite: 80-2000 ppm; magnetite: 0-0.31 ppm; cadmium oxide: 87.5%; limonite: < 5-1000 ppm; wad and manganese oxides: < 10-1000 ppm; anglesite: 120->1000 ppm; barite: < 0.2 ppm; anhydrite and gypsum: < 0.2 ppm; calcite: < 1-23 ppm; smithsonite: 0.1-2.35%; otavite: 65.18%; pyromorphite: < 1-8 ppm; scorodite: < 1-5.8 ppm; beudantite: 100-1000 ppm; apatite: 0.14-0.15 ppm; bindheimite: 100-1000 ppm; silicates: 0.03-2.8 ppm.

D006; A solid waste containing cadmium may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Cadmium/

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Cadmium oxide is included on this list.

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Cadmium oxide is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 100 or 10,000 lbs. Extremely hazardous substances that are solids are subject to either of two threshold planning quantities ... The lower quantity applies only if the solid exists in powdered form and has a particle size less than 100 microns; or is handled in solution or in molten form; or meets the criteria for a National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) rating of 2, 3 or 4 for reactivity. If the solid does not meet any of these criteria, it is subject to the upper ... threshold planning quantity ... .

(AZ) ARIZONA 5 ug/L /Cadmium/

(ME) MAINE 3.5 ug/L /Cadmium/

(MN) MINNESOTA 4 ug/L /Cadmium/

Used in silver-zinc storage batteries, Teflon, phosphors, semiconductors, silver alloys, glass, nematocides, ascaricides, catalysts, electroplating, ceramic glazes, and PVC heat stabilizers; [HSDB] Combined with an alkali-metal cyanide in baths for cadmium electroplating; [Ullmann]

Metal Preparation and Pouring [Category: Foundry]

Ceramics making [Category: Hobbies]

High purity cadmium oxide is used as a second polarizer (in addition to silver oxide) in silver-zinc storage batteries.

Oxidation of the sulfide or sulfite under carefully controlled oxidizing atmospheres at high temperature. An alternate method involves treatment of powdered cadmium nitrate, halide, oxide, or carbonate with dimethyl sulfate.

The hydrated bromide is prepared by dissolution of cadmium carbonate, oxide, sulfide, or hydroxide in hydrobromic acid. /Hydrated cadmium bromide/

Cadmium oxide, powder reagent grade has the following impurities: chloride: 0.002%; nitrate (NO3); 0.01%; sulfate (SO4); 0.20%; copper: 0.005%; iron: 0.002%; lead: 0.01%.

Cadmium oxide ... impurities (%): Cl, 0.002; NO3, 0.01; SO4, 0.20; Cu, 0.005; Fe, 0.002; and Pb, 0.01.

2023: 2,081,610 lb

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#3347]

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Cadmium oxide. Aggregated National Production Volume: < 500,000 pounds.

Cadmium oxide is produced by evaporation of cadmium metal and oxidation of the vapor. It can also be obtained by thermal decomposition of cadmium nitrate or carbonate or by oxidation of molten cadmium by an oxidizing agent. Commercial cadmium oxide should be completely soluble in sodium cyanide solution and contain no heavy-metal or sulfur impurities.

Pure Cd metal is melted and then vaporized whereupon air is blown through the hot vapor, oxidizing the cadmium and carrying the product to a baghouse. The resultant oxide (particle size controlled by the /air to cadmium/ ratio) is calcined at 550 °C to ensure uniform properties.

Reagent grade: 99.0% assay

Cadmium oxide - purities: 99.0-99.9999%; reagent grade, 99.0%; commercial grade, 99.7%.

Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing

Cadmium oxide (CdO): ACTIVE

Some fume and dust from welding processes ... may contain cadmium or cadmium oxide compounds. The specific form and concentration of cadmium present ... are dependent on the composition of the filler metal, base metals, metal coatings, atmosphere, flux, and welding process.